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Marius Rehn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pre hospital management of mass casualty civilian shootings a systematic literature review
Critical Care, 2016Co-Authors: Conor D A Turner, David Lockey, Marius RehnAbstract:Mass casualty civilian shootings present an uncommon but recurring challenge to emergency services around the world and produce unique management demands. On the background of a rising threat of transnational terrorism worldwide, emergency response strategies are of critical importance. This study aims to systematically identify, describe and appraise the quality of indexed and non-indexed literature on the pre-hospital management of modern civilian mass shootings to guide future practice. Systematic literature searches of PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scopus were conducted in conjunction with simple searches of non-indexed databases; Web of Science, OpenDOAR and Evidence Search. The searches were last carried out on 20 April 2016 and only identified those papers published after the 1 January 1980. Included documents had to contain descriptions, discussions or experiences of the pre-hospital management of civilian mass shootings. From the 494 identified manuscripts, 73 were selected on abstract and title and after full text reading 47 were selected for inclusion in analysis. The search yielded reports of 17 mass shooting events, the majority from the USA with additions from France, Norway, the UK and Kenya. Between 1994 and 2015 the shooting of 1649 people with 578 deaths at 17 separate events are described. Quality appraisal demonstrated considerable heterogeneity in reporting and revealed limited data on mass shootings globally. Key themes were identified to improve future practice: tactical emergency medical support may harmonise inner cordon interventions, a need for inter-service education on effective haemorrhage control, the value of senior triage operators and the need for regular mass casualty Incident simulation.
Ives Hubloue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology-Assisted Triage versus Standard Practice in Triaging Casualties by Paramedic Students in a Mass-Casualty Incident Scenario.
Prehospital and disaster medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Trevor N. Jain, Aaron K. Sibley, Henrik Stryhn, Ives HubloueAbstract:Introduction The proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has the potential to change the way medical Incident commanders (ICs) respond to Mass-Casualty Incidents (MCIs) in triaging victims. The aim of this study was to compare UAV technology to standard practice (SP) in triaging casualties at an MCI. Methods A randomized comparison study was conducted with 40 paramedic students from the Holland College Paramedicine Program (Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada). Using a simulated motor vehicle collision (MVC) with moulaged casualties, iterations of 20 students were used for both a day and a night trial. Students were randomized to a UAV or a SP group. After a brief narrative, participants either entered the study environment or used UAV technology where total time to triage completion, GREEN casualty evacuation, time on scene, triage order, and accuracy were recorded. Results A statistical difference in the time to completion of 3.63 minutes (95% CI, 2.45 min-4.85 min; P=.002) during the day iteration and a difference of 3.49 minutes (95% CI, 2.08 min-6.06 min; P=.002) for the night trial with UAV groups was noted. There was no difference found in time to GREEN casualty evacuation, time on scene, or triage order. One-hundred-percent accuracy was noted between both groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using a UAV at an MCI. A non-clinical significant difference was noted in total time to completion between both groups. There was no increase in time on scene by using the UAV while demonstrating the feasibility of remotely triaging GREEN casualties prior to first responder arrival. Jain T, Sibley A, Stryhn H, Hubloue I.Comparison of unmanned aerial vehicle technologyassisted triage versus standard practice in triaging casualties by paramedic students in a Mass-Casualty Incident scenario. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(4):375–380
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comparison of unmanned aerial vehicle technology versus standard practice in identification of hazards at a mass casualty Incident scenario by primary care paramedic students
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 2018Co-Authors: Trevor N. Jain, Aaron K. Sibley, Henrik Stryhn, Ives HubloueAbstract:IntroductionThe proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has the potential to change the situational awareness of Incident commanders allowing greater scene safety. The aim of this study was to compare UAV technology to standard practice (SP) in hazard identification during a simulated multi-vehicle motor collision (MVC) in terms of time to identification, accuracy and the order of hazard identification. Methods A prospective observational cohort study was conducted with 21 students randomized into UAV or SP group, based on a MVC with 7 hazards. The UAV group remained at the UAV ground station while the SP group approached the scene. After identifying hazards the time and order was recorded. Results The mean time (SD, range) to identify the hazards were 3 minutes 41 seconds (1 minute 37 seconds, 1 minute 48 seconds-6 minutes 51 seconds) and 2 minutes 43 seconds (55 seconds, 1 minute 43 seconds-4 minutes 38 seconds) in UAV and SP groups corresponding to a mean difference of 58 seconds (P=0.11). A non-parametric permutation test showed a significant (P=0.04) difference in identification order. Conclusion Both groups had 100% accuracy in hazard identification with no statistical difference in time for hazard identification. A difference was found in the identification order of hazards. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:631-634).
David Lockey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pre hospital management of mass casualty civilian shootings a systematic literature review
Critical Care, 2016Co-Authors: Conor D A Turner, David Lockey, Marius RehnAbstract:Mass casualty civilian shootings present an uncommon but recurring challenge to emergency services around the world and produce unique management demands. On the background of a rising threat of transnational terrorism worldwide, emergency response strategies are of critical importance. This study aims to systematically identify, describe and appraise the quality of indexed and non-indexed literature on the pre-hospital management of modern civilian mass shootings to guide future practice. Systematic literature searches of PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scopus were conducted in conjunction with simple searches of non-indexed databases; Web of Science, OpenDOAR and Evidence Search. The searches were last carried out on 20 April 2016 and only identified those papers published after the 1 January 1980. Included documents had to contain descriptions, discussions or experiences of the pre-hospital management of civilian mass shootings. From the 494 identified manuscripts, 73 were selected on abstract and title and after full text reading 47 were selected for inclusion in analysis. The search yielded reports of 17 mass shooting events, the majority from the USA with additions from France, Norway, the UK and Kenya. Between 1994 and 2015 the shooting of 1649 people with 578 deaths at 17 separate events are described. Quality appraisal demonstrated considerable heterogeneity in reporting and revealed limited data on mass shootings globally. Key themes were identified to improve future practice: tactical emergency medical support may harmonise inner cordon interventions, a need for inter-service education on effective haemorrhage control, the value of senior triage operators and the need for regular mass casualty Incident simulation.
Bartoniček Dorotea - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Smjernice za reanimaciju Europskog vijeća za reanimatologiju 2015. godine [European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2015]
Hrvatski liječnički zbor, 2016Co-Authors: Hunyadi-antičević Silvija, Protić Alen, Patrk Jogen, Filipović-grčić Boris, Puljević Davor, Majhen-ujević Radmila, Hadžibegović Irzal, Pandak Tatjana, Teufel Nenad, Bartoniček DoroteaAbstract:Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation – Interactions between the emergency medical dispatcher, the bystander who provides CPR and the timely deployment of an AED is critical. All CPR providers should perform chest compressions, those who are trained and able should combine chest compressions and rescue breaths in the ratio 30:2. Defibrillation within 3–5 min of collapse can produce survival rates as high as 50–70%. Adult advanced life support – Continued emphasis on minimally interrupted high-quality chest compressions, paused briefly only to enable specific interventions, including interruptions for less than 5 s to attempt defibrillation. Use of self-adhesive pads for defibrillation. Waveform capnography to confirm and continually monitor tracheal tube placement, quality of CPR and to provide an early indication of return of spontaneous circulation. Cardiac arrest in special circumstances – Special causes: hypoxia; hypo-/hyperkalemia, and other electrolyte disorders; hypo-/hyperthermia; hypovolemia; tension pneumothorax; tamponade; thrombosis; toxins. Special environments are specialised healthcare facilities, commercial airplanes or air ambulances, field of play, outside environment or the scene of a mass casualty Incident. Special patients are those with severe comorbidities and with specific physiological conditions. Post resuscitation care is new to the ERC Guidelines. Targeted temperature management remains, now aiming at 36°C instead of the previously recommended 32 – 34°C. Pediatric life support – For chest compressions, the lower sternum should be depressed by at least one third the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest (4 cm for the infant and 5 cm for the child). For cardioversion of a supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), the initial dose has been revised to 1 J kg–1. Resuscitation and support of transition of babies at birth – For uncompromised babies, a delay in cord clamping of at least one minute from the complete delivery of the infant, is now recommended for term and preterm babies. Tracheal intubation should not be routine in the presence of meconium and should only be performed for suspected tracheal obstruction. Ventilatory support of term infants should start with air. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) – Pre-hospital recording of a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is recommended in patients with suspected ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). Patients with acute chest pain with presumed ACS do not need supplemental oxygen unless they present with signs of hypoxia, dyspnea, or heart failure. In geographic regions where PCI facilities exist and are available, direct triage and transport for PCI is preferred to pre-hospital fibrinolysis for STEMI. First aid is included for the first time in the 2015 ERC Guidelines. Principles of education in resuscitation – Directive CPR feedback devices are useful for improving compression rate, depth, release, and hand position. Whilst optimal intervals for retraining are not known, frequent ‘low dose’ retraining may be beneficial. Training in non-technical skills is an essential adjunct to technical skills. The ethics of resuscitation and end-of-life decisions – Ethical principles in the context of patient-centered health care: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence; justice and equal access. The need for harmonisation in legislation, jurisdiction, terminology and practice still remains within Europe
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EUROPEAN RESUSCITATION COUNCIL GUIDELINES FOR RESUSCITATION 2015
'Croatian Medical Association', 2016Co-Authors: Hunyadi-antičević Silvija, Protić Alen, Patrk Jogen, Filipović-grčić Boris, Puljević Davor, Majhen-ujević Radmila, Hadžibegović Irzal, Pandak Tatjana, Teufel Nenad, Bartoniček DoroteaAbstract:Osnovno održavanje života odraslih i automatska vanjska defibrilacija – Ključna je interakcija između dispečera hitne medicinske pomoći (HMP), laika koji pruža kardiopulmonalnu reanimaciju (KPR) i pravodobne uporabe automatskoga vanjskog defibrilatora (AVD). Svi pružatelji KPR-a trebaju provoditi kompresije prsnog koša, oni koji su uvježbani i sposobni trebaju kombinirati kompresije prsnog koša s umjetnim disanjem, u omjeru 30 : 2. Defibrilacija u roku od 3 do 5 minuta od kolapsa može rezultirati visokim preživljavanjem od 50 do 70%. Napredno održavanje života odraslih – Kontinuirani naglasak na minimalne prekide kompresija prsnog koša visoke kvalitete koje se prekidaju kratko samo da bi se omogućili specifični postupci, što uključuje i prekid na manje od 5 sekunda pri pokušaju defibrilacije. Uporaba samoljepljivih elektroda za defibrilaciju. Valna kapnografija kako bi se potvrdio i kontinuirano monitorirao položaj endotrahealnog tubusa, kvaliteta KPR-a i omogućio rani nagovještaj povratka spontane cirkulacije. Kardijalni arest u posebnim okolnostima – Posebni uzroci: hipoksija, hipo/hiperkaliemija i ostali elektrolitski poremećaji, hipo/hipertermija, hipovolemija, tenzijski pneumotoraks, kardijalna tamponada, tromboza, toksini. Posebno okružje jesu specijalizirani dijelovi bolnice, komercijalni avioni ili letjelice zračnoga medicinskog prijevoza, igrališta, vanjsko okružje ili poprište masovne nesreće. Posebni su bolesnici oni s teškim komorbiditetom i posebnim fiziološkim stanjima. Postreanimacijska skrb novi je odjeljak u smjernicama ERC-a. I dalje se preporučuje ciljana kontrola temperature, sada nastojeći postići 36°C, za razliku od prethodno preporučena 32–34°C. Osnovno održavanje života djece – Za kompresije prsnog koša donji dio prsne kosti trebalo bi potisnuti barem trećinu antero-posteriornog promjera (4 cm u dojenčeta i 5 cm u djeteta). Za kardioverziju supraventrikularne tahikardije (SVT) početna je doza revidirana do 1 J/kg. Reanimacija i potpora prilagodbi novorođenčeta nakon rođenja – Kod novorođenčadi koja nije ugrožena odgođeno stezanje (klemanje) pupkovine barem jednu minutu od kompletnog porođaja djeteta sad se preporučuje kod terminske novorođenčadi i nedonoščadi. U slučaju mekonijske plodne vode ne treba raditi rutinsku trahealnu intubaciju, nego samo pri sumnji na opstrukciju dišnoga puta. Ventilacijsku potporu kod terminske novorođenčadi treba započeti zrakom. Akutni koronarni sindromi (AKS) – Izvanbolničko snimanje 12-kanalnog EKG-a preporučuje se kod pacijenata sa suspektnim infarktom miokarda sa ST-elevacijom (STEMI). Bolesnici s akutnom boli u prsištu kod kojih se pretpostavlja da imaju AKS ne trebaju dodatni kisik osim ako ne pokazuju znakove hipoksije, dispneje ili kardijalne dekompenzacije. U geografskim regijama gdje postoje i dostupne su ustanove koje provode perkutanu koronarnu intervenciju (PCI) direktna trijaža i transport na PCI preferiraju se s obzirom na izvanbolničku fibrinolizu za STEMI. Prva pomoć – po prvi put uključena u smjernice ERC-a 2015. godine. Principi edukacije u reanimatologiji – Uređaji s povratnom spregom o KPR-u korisni su za poboljšanje brzine, dubine i otpuštanja kompresije te položaj ruku. Dok optimalni intervali ponovnog obučavanja nisu poznati, češće obnavljanje u manjem opsegu moglo bi biti korisno. Trening netehničkih vještina esencijalni je dodatak tehničkim vještinama. Etika u reanimatologiji i odluke o kraju života – Etički principi u kontekstu zdravstvene zaštite usmjerene k bolesniku: autonomija, dobrobit i neškodljivost; pravednost i jednaka dostupnost KPR-a. Još prisutna potreba za usklađivanjem u zakonodavstvu, ovlasti, terminologiji i praksi u Europi.Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation – Interactions between the emergency medical dispatcher, the bystander who provides CPR and the timely deployment of an AED is critical. All CPR providers should perform chest compressions, those who are trained and able should combine chest compressions and rescue breaths in the ratio 30:2. Defibrillation within 3–5 min of collapse can produce survival rates as high as 50–70%. Adult advanced life support – Continued emphasis on minimally interrupted high-quality chest compressions, paused briefly only to enable specific interventions, including interruptions for less than 5 s to attempt defibrillation. Use of self-adhesive pads for defibrillation. Waveform capnography to confirm and continually monitor tracheal tube placement, quality of CPR and to provide an early indication of return of spontaneous circulation. Cardiac arrest in special circumstances – Special causes: hypoxia; hypo-/hyperkalemia, and other electrolyte disorders; hypo-/hyperthermia; hypovolemia; tension pneumothorax; tamponade; thrombosis; toxins. Special environments are specialised healthcare facilities, commercial airplanes or air ambulances, field of play, outside environment or the scene of a mass casualty Incident. Special patients are those with severe comorbidities and with specific physiological conditions. Post resuscitation care is new to the ERC Guidelines. Targeted temperature management remains, now aiming at 36°C instead of the previously recommended 32 – 34°C. Pediatric life support – For chest compressions, the lower sternum should be depressed by at least one third the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest (4 cm for the infant and 5 cm for the child). For cardioversion of a supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), the initial dose has been revised to 1 J kg–1. Resuscitation and support of transition of babies at birth – For uncompromised babies, a delay in cord clamping of at least one minute from the complete delivery of the infant, is now recommended for term and preterm babies. Tracheal intubation should not be routine in the presence of meconium and should only be performed for suspected tracheal obstruction. Ventilatory support of term infants should start with air. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) – Pre-hospital recording of a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is recommended in patients with suspected ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). Patients with acute chest pain with presumed ACS do not need supplemental oxygen unless they present with signs of hypoxia, dyspnea, or heart failure. In geographic regions where PCI facilities exist and are available, direct triage and transport for PCI is preferred to pre-hospital fibrinolysis for STEMI. First aid is included for the first time in the 2015 ERC Guidelines. Principles of education in resuscitation – Directive CPR feedback devices are useful for improving compression rate, depth, release, and hand position. Whilst optimal intervals for retraining are not known, frequent ‘low dose’ retraining may be beneficial. Training in non-technical skills is an essential adjunct to technical skills. The ethics of resuscitation and end-of-life decisions – Ethical principles in the context of patient-centered health care: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence; justice and equal access. The need for harmonisation in legislation, jurisdiction, terminology and practice still remains within Europ
Tammara Massey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the advanced health and disaster aid network a light weight wireless medical system for triage
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 2007Co-Authors: Tia Gao, Victor Shnayder, David Crawford, Konrad Lorincz, Bor-rong Chen, Logan Hauenstein, Foad Dabiri, Tammara Massey, Leo Selavo, Jing JengAbstract:Advances in semiconductor technology have resulted in the creation of miniature medical embedded systems that can wirelessly monitor the vital signs of patients. These lightweight medical systems can aid providers in large disasters who become overwhelmed with the large number of patients, limited resources, and insufficient information. In a mass casualty Incident, small embedded medical systems facilitate patient care, resource allocation, and real-time communication in the advanced health and disaster aid network (AID-N). We present the design of electronic triage tags on lightweight, embedded systems with limited memory and computational power. These electronic triage tags use noninvasive, biomedical sensors (pulse oximeter, electrocardiogram, and blood pressure cuff) to continuously monitor the vital signs of a patient and deliver pertinent information to first responders. This electronic triage system facilitates the seamless collection and dissemination of data from the Incident site to key members of the distributed emergency response community. The real-time collection of data through a mesh network in a mass casualty drill was shown to approximately triple the number of times patients that were triaged compared with the traditional paper triage system.
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the design of a decentralized electronic triage system
American Medical Informatics Association Annual Symposium, 2006Co-Authors: Tammara Massey, Tia Gao, Matt Welsh, Jonathan H Sharp, Majid SarrafzadehAbstract:The Advanced Health and Disaster Aid Network (AID-N) project seeks to identify unmet needs of emergency response teams in the Washington, DC area during mass casualty Incidents and conduct feasibility tests of technology-based solutions. The decentralized electronic triage and sensing system uses low power, electronic triage sensors to monitor the vital signs of patients and provide location tracking capabilities. The robust, decentralized location tracking software runs on a small, embedded system with limited memory and computational power that efficiently locates patients. A field study demonstrates the process of current emergency procedures and the design implications of the prototype. This field study, along with the hardware and software architecture of the electronic triage system, lay the foundation for a reliable, decentralized sensor deployment that will continuously extend network coverage during a mass casualty Incident.