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Jeremie R. L. Gilles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Validation of a New Larval Rearing Unit for Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mass Rearing
    PLoS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Fabrizio Balestrino, Jeremie R. L. Gilles, Arianna Puggioli, Romeo Bellini
    Abstract:

    The mosquito larval Rearing unit developed at the Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL) of the FAO/IAEA Joint Division was evaluated for its potential use for Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) Mass Rearing in support of the development of a sterile insect technique (SIT) package for this species. The use of the Mass Rearing trays and rack did not adversely affect larval development, pupation and survival rates and allowed the management of large larval Rearing colonies with reduced space requirements in comparison with classical individual trays. The effects of larval density, water temperature and diet composition on pupal production and size differentiation for sex separation efficacy were analyzed for individual Mass Rearing trays as well as multiple trays stacked within the dedicated rack unit. Best results were obtained using eighteen thousand larvae per tray at a density of 3 larvae per ml of deionized water at a temperature of 28°C on a diet consisting of 50% tuna meal, 36% bovine liver powder, 14% brewer's yeast and, as an additive, 0.2 gr of Vitamin Mix per 100 ml of diet solution. Pupae were harvested on the sixth day from larval introduction at L1 stage and males were separated out by the use of a 1400 µm sieve with 99.0% accuracy with a recovery rate of ca. 25% of the total available males. With the use of this larval Rearing unit, an average production of 100,000 male pupae per week can be achieved in just 2 square meter of laboratory space. Compared to previous laboratory Rearing method, the same pupal production and sex separation efficacy could only be achieved by use of ca. 200 plastic trays which required the space of two 5 square meter climatic-controlled rooms.

  • efficiency of three diets for larval development in Mass Rearing aedes albopictus diptera culicidae
    Journal of Medical Entomology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Arianna Puggioli, Rosemary Susan Lees, Fabrizio Balestrino, Romeo Bellini, Maria Luisa Dindo, David Damiens, Sharon M Soliban, Odessa Madakacherry, Jeremie R. L. Gilles
    Abstract:

    A fundamental step in establishing a Mass production system is the development of a larval diet that promotes high adult performance at a reasonable cost. To identify a suitable larval diet for Aedes albopictus (Skuse), three diets were compared: a standard laboratory diet used at the Centro Agricoltura Ambiente, Italy (CAA) and two diets developed specifically for mosquito Mass Rearing at the FAO/IAEA Laboratory, Austria. The two IAEA diets, without affecting survival to the pupal stage, resulted in a shorter time to pupation and to emergence when compared with the CAA diet. At 24 h from pupation onset, 50 and 90% of the male pupae produced on the CAA and IAEA diets, respectively, had formed and could be collected. The diet received during the larval stage affected the longevity of adult males with access to water only, with best results observed when using the CAA larval diet. However, similar longevity among diet treatments was observed when males were supplied with sucrose solution. No differences were observed in the effects of larval diet on adult male size or female fecundity and fertility. Considering these results, along with the relative costs of the three diets, the IAEA 2 diet is found to be the preferred choice for Mass Rearing of Aedes albopictus, particularly if a sugar meal can be given to adult males before release, to ensure their teneral reserves are sufficient for survival, dispersal, and mating in the field.

  • A New Larval Tray and Rack System for Improved Mosquito Mass Rearing
    Journal of Medical Entomology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Fabrizio Balestrino, Mark Q. Benedict, Jeremie R. L. Gilles
    Abstract:

    The requirement for efficient mosquito Mass Rearing technology has been one of the major obstacles preventing the large scale application of the Sterile Insect Technique against mosquitoes. At the Food and Agriculture Organization/International Atomic Energy Agency (FAO/ IAEA) Insect Pest Control Laboratories we developed a larval Rearing unit based on the use of a stainless steel rack that operates 50 thermoformed ABS plastic trays and is expected to be able to successfully rear 140,000-175,000 Anopheles arabiensis (Patton) adult mosquitoes per rack. The mechanized Rearing unit is simple to handle, maintains minimal water temperature variation and negligible water evaporation and allows normal larval development. The mosquito Mass-Rearing tray was designed to provide a large surface area of shallow water that would closely mimic natural breeding sites. The trays stack into a dedicated rack structure and filling and draining were easily performed. The close stacking of the trays in the rack and the possibility to tightly line up several racks makes this Rearing unit a valid solution for maximal use of the space thus reducing construction, heating, and cooling costs. The low amount of labor required to operate the system also reduces labor costs that represent one of the main expenditures in any Mass Rearing facility operation. Preliminary experiments performed on Aedes albopictus (Skuse) also confirm the possibility of successfully extending the use of this technology to other mosquito species. Our larval Rearing unit could enhance any mosquito control strategy in which large-scale releases of mosquitoes are needed to suppress or replace natural populations.

Dai Haraguchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mass Rearing conditions do not affect responsiveness to sex pheromone and flight activity in sweetpotato weevils
    Journal of Applied Entomology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Takashi Kuriwada, Norikuni Kumano, Keiko Shiromoto, Dai Haraguchi
    Abstract:

    For ensuring the effectiveness of sterile insect technique (SIT) programmes, maintaining the reproductive competitiveness and dispersal ability of Mass-reared sterile males is essential. Inadvertent selection is an important genetic process that frequently occurs during Mass Rearing to produce sterile males. We investigated the effect of Mass-Rearing conditions on the responsiveness to sex pheromones and spontaneous flight activity of males of the sweetpotato weevil Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae). There were no significant differences in the responsiveness to sex pheromones and spontaneous flight activity between wild and Mass-reared strains. These results indicate that Mass-reared strains of C. formicarius might not cause serious problems for implementing SIT programmes.

  • Effect of Mass Rearing on life history traits and inbreeding depression in the sweetpotato weevil (Coleoptera: Brentidae).
    Journal of economic entomology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Takashi Kuriwada, Norikuni Kumano, Keiko Shiromoto, Dai Haraguchi
    Abstract:

    Inadvertent selection is an important genetic process that frequently occurs during laboratory culture and maintenance of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms used in procedures such as the sterile insect technique (SIT). We investigated effects of Mass Rearing and inbreeding depression on life history traits (number of progeny emerging from host plants, body weight, developmental period, and starvation tolerance) in the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (Coleoptera: Brentidae). The effect of inbreeding was measured by comparing the results obtained from the full-sib crosses with those obtained from nonkin crosses in both wild and Mass-reared strains. The Mass-reared strain had more progeny than the wild strain. The developmental period of Mass-reared strain was shorter than that of the wild strain. Other traits did not differ significantly between strains. We detected inbreeding depression effects on numbers of progeny, and the effects were more pronounced in the Mass-reared strain. Hence, laboratory adaptation to Mass Rearing can produce changes in important biological attributes of sweetpotato weevils.

  • The effect of Mass-Rearing on death-feigning behaviour in the sweet potato weevil (Coleoptera: Brentidae)
    Journal of Applied Entomology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Takashi Kuriwada, Norikuni Kumano, Keiko Shiromoto, Dai Haraguchi
    Abstract:

    The aim of our study was to examine the effect of Mass-Rearing, in which there is no exposure to predators, on antipredator traits of insects for improving sterile insect technique programs. The duration of death-feigning (antipredator behaviour) in sweet potato weevil Cylas formicarius (Summers) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) after Mass-Rearing for 71 generations were compared with those in wild strain. There was no significant difference in the duration of death-feigning between wild and Mass-reared strains. This indicated that the death-feigning behaviour of Mass-reared strain was maintained for 71 generations even in the absence of predators. We discuss the reasons why death-feigning behaviour is maintained after Mass-Rearing.

  • high population density and egg cannibalism reduces the efficiency of Mass Rearing in euscepes postfasciatus coleoptera curculionidae
    Florida Entomologist, 2009
    Co-Authors: Takashi Kuriwada, Norikuni Kumano, Keiko Shiromoto, Dai Haraguchi
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT The West Indian sweetpotato weevil Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a major pest of sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam (Solanales: Convolvulaceae) in some countries. In order to improve Mass-Rearing for an eradication program employing the sterile insect technique (SIT), optimal population density of E. postfasciatus in an artificial diet was examined. Six population densities (1000, 4000, 7000, 10000, 13000, and 16000 individuals per container with 200 g of artificial diet) were compared for effect on the number of eggs collected and hatchability. The total number of eggs collected after 24 d increased with an increase in population density and reached a saturation level at 13,000 individuals, whereas hatchability was not affected by population density. The results indicated that optimal population density in Mass Rearing was 13,000 individuals on 200 g of artificial diet. Furthermore, we examined cannibalism by adult weevils in the presence of other diets. The...

Nelius Venter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • does mosquito Mass Rearing produce an inferior mosquito
    Malaria Journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Dieudonne Diloma Soma, Hamidou Maiga, Wadaka Mamai, Nanwintoun S Bimbilesomda, Adel Barakat Ali, Hanano Yamada, Abdoulaye Diabate, Nelius Venter, Florence Fournet, Georges Anice Ouedraogo
    Abstract:

    Background The success of the sterile insect technique depends, among other things, on continuous releases of sexually competitive sterile males within the target area. Several factors (including high Rearing density and physical manipulation, such as larvae and pupae separation) can influence the quality of males produced in Mass-Rearing facilities. The different steps in Mass production in the laboratory may modify the behaviour of mosquitoes, directly or through loss of natural characters as a result of adaptation to lab Rearing, and lead to the competitiveness of sterile male being reduced. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of Mass-Rearing conditions on sterile male sexual competitiveness in semi-field cages compared to routine small scale laboratory Rearing methods.

  • Does mosquito Mass-Rearing produce an inferior mosquito?
    Malaria journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Dieudonne Diloma Soma, Hamidou Maiga, Wadaka Mamai, Adel Barakat Ali, Hanano Yamada, Abdoulaye Diabate, Nelius Venter, Florence Fournet, Nanwintoun S. Bimbile-somda, Georges Anicet Ouédraogo
    Abstract:

    The success of the sterile insect technique depends, among other things, on continuous releases of sexually competitive sterile males within the target area. Several factors (including high Rearing density and physical manipulation, such as larvae and pupae separation) can influence the quality of males produced in Mass-Rearing facilities. The different steps in Mass production in the laboratory may modify the behaviour of mosquitoes, directly or through loss of natural characters as a result of adaptation to lab Rearing, and lead to the competitiveness of sterile male being reduced. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of Mass-Rearing conditions on sterile male sexual competitiveness in semi-field cages compared to routine small scale laboratory Rearing methods. Anopheles arabiensis immature stages were reared both on a large scale using a rack and tray system developed by the FAO/IAEA (MRS), and on a small scale using standard laboratory Rearing trays (SRS). Mosquito life history traits such as pupation rate, emergence rate, adult size as well as the effect of irradiation on adult longevity were evaluated. Moreover, 5–6 day old mosquitoes were released into field cages and left for two nights to mate and the mating competitiveness between sterile Mass-reared males and fertile males reared on a small scale when competing for small scale reared virgin females was investigated. Resulting fertility in a treatment ratio of 1:1:1 (100 irradiated males: 100 non-irradiated males: 100 virgin females) was compared to control cages with 0:100:100 (non-irradiated control) and 100:0:100 (irradiated control). No significant differences in life history parameters were observed between Rearing methods. The competitiveness index of Mass reared males (0.58) was similar to males reared on a small scale (0.59). A residual fertility rate of 20% was observed in the irradiated control (100:0:100), measured as the percentage of eggs collected from the cages which developed to adulthood. No significant difference was observed (t = 0.2896, df = 4, P = 0.7865) between the Rearing treatments (MRS and SRS) in the fertility rate, a measure of mating competitiveness. The results showed that the FAO/IAEA Mass-Rearing process did not affect mosquito life history parameters or the mating competitiveness of males.

  • Does mosquito Mass-Rearing produce an inferior mosquito?
    Malaria Journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Dieudonné Soma, Hamidou Maiga, Wadaka Mamai, Hanano Yamada, Abdoulaye Diabate, Nelius Venter, Florence Fournet, Nanwintoun S. Bimbile-somda, Adel Ali, Georges Ouedraogo
    Abstract:

    Background: The success of the sterile insect technique depends, among other things, on continuous releases of sexually competitive sterile males within the target area. Several factors (including high Rearing density and physical manipulation, such as larvae and pupae separation) can influence the quality of males produced in Mass-Rearing facilities. The different steps in Mass production in the laboratory may modify the behaviour of mosquitoes, directly or through loss of natural characters as a result of adaptation to lab Rearing, and lead to the competitiveness of sterile male being reduced. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of Mass-Rearing conditions on sterile male sexual competitiveness in semi-field cages compared to routine small scale laboratory Rearing methods.Methods: Anopheles arabiensis immature stages were reared both on a large scale using a rack and tray system developed by the FAO/IAEA (MRS), and on a small scale using standard laboratory Rearing trays (SRS). Mosquito life history traits such as pupation rate, emergence rate, adult size as well as the effect of irradiation on adult longevity were evaluated. Moreover, 5-6 day old mosquitoes were released into field cages and left for two nights to mate and the mating competitiveness between sterile Mass-reared males and fertile males reared on a small scale when competing for small scale reared virgin females was investigated. Resulting fertility in a treatment ratio of 1:1:1 (100 irradiated males: 100 non-irradiated males: 100 virgin females) was compared to control cages with 0:100:100 (non-irradiated control) and 100:0:100 (irradiated control).Results: No significant differences in life history parameters were observed between Rearing methods. The competitiveness index of Mass reared males (0.58) was similar to males reared on a small scale (0.59). A residual fertility rate of 20% was observed in the irradiated control (100:0:100), measured as the percentage of eggs collected from the cages which developed to adulthood. No significant difference was observed (t = 0.2896, df = 4, P = 0.7865) between the Rearing treatments (MRS and SRS) in the fertility rate, a measure of mating competitiveness.Conclusions: The results showed that the FAO/IAEA Mass-Rearing process did not affect mosquito life history parameters or the mating competitiveness of males.

Florence Fournet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • does mosquito Mass Rearing produce an inferior mosquito
    Malaria Journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Dieudonne Diloma Soma, Hamidou Maiga, Wadaka Mamai, Nanwintoun S Bimbilesomda, Adel Barakat Ali, Hanano Yamada, Abdoulaye Diabate, Nelius Venter, Florence Fournet, Georges Anice Ouedraogo
    Abstract:

    Background The success of the sterile insect technique depends, among other things, on continuous releases of sexually competitive sterile males within the target area. Several factors (including high Rearing density and physical manipulation, such as larvae and pupae separation) can influence the quality of males produced in Mass-Rearing facilities. The different steps in Mass production in the laboratory may modify the behaviour of mosquitoes, directly or through loss of natural characters as a result of adaptation to lab Rearing, and lead to the competitiveness of sterile male being reduced. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of Mass-Rearing conditions on sterile male sexual competitiveness in semi-field cages compared to routine small scale laboratory Rearing methods.

  • Does mosquito Mass-Rearing produce an inferior mosquito?
    Malaria journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Dieudonne Diloma Soma, Hamidou Maiga, Wadaka Mamai, Adel Barakat Ali, Hanano Yamada, Abdoulaye Diabate, Nelius Venter, Florence Fournet, Nanwintoun S. Bimbile-somda, Georges Anicet Ouédraogo
    Abstract:

    The success of the sterile insect technique depends, among other things, on continuous releases of sexually competitive sterile males within the target area. Several factors (including high Rearing density and physical manipulation, such as larvae and pupae separation) can influence the quality of males produced in Mass-Rearing facilities. The different steps in Mass production in the laboratory may modify the behaviour of mosquitoes, directly or through loss of natural characters as a result of adaptation to lab Rearing, and lead to the competitiveness of sterile male being reduced. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of Mass-Rearing conditions on sterile male sexual competitiveness in semi-field cages compared to routine small scale laboratory Rearing methods. Anopheles arabiensis immature stages were reared both on a large scale using a rack and tray system developed by the FAO/IAEA (MRS), and on a small scale using standard laboratory Rearing trays (SRS). Mosquito life history traits such as pupation rate, emergence rate, adult size as well as the effect of irradiation on adult longevity were evaluated. Moreover, 5–6 day old mosquitoes were released into field cages and left for two nights to mate and the mating competitiveness between sterile Mass-reared males and fertile males reared on a small scale when competing for small scale reared virgin females was investigated. Resulting fertility in a treatment ratio of 1:1:1 (100 irradiated males: 100 non-irradiated males: 100 virgin females) was compared to control cages with 0:100:100 (non-irradiated control) and 100:0:100 (irradiated control). No significant differences in life history parameters were observed between Rearing methods. The competitiveness index of Mass reared males (0.58) was similar to males reared on a small scale (0.59). A residual fertility rate of 20% was observed in the irradiated control (100:0:100), measured as the percentage of eggs collected from the cages which developed to adulthood. No significant difference was observed (t = 0.2896, df = 4, P = 0.7865) between the Rearing treatments (MRS and SRS) in the fertility rate, a measure of mating competitiveness. The results showed that the FAO/IAEA Mass-Rearing process did not affect mosquito life history parameters or the mating competitiveness of males.

  • Does mosquito Mass-Rearing produce an inferior mosquito?
    Malaria Journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Dieudonné Soma, Hamidou Maiga, Wadaka Mamai, Hanano Yamada, Abdoulaye Diabate, Nelius Venter, Florence Fournet, Nanwintoun S. Bimbile-somda, Adel Ali, Georges Ouedraogo
    Abstract:

    Background: The success of the sterile insect technique depends, among other things, on continuous releases of sexually competitive sterile males within the target area. Several factors (including high Rearing density and physical manipulation, such as larvae and pupae separation) can influence the quality of males produced in Mass-Rearing facilities. The different steps in Mass production in the laboratory may modify the behaviour of mosquitoes, directly or through loss of natural characters as a result of adaptation to lab Rearing, and lead to the competitiveness of sterile male being reduced. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of Mass-Rearing conditions on sterile male sexual competitiveness in semi-field cages compared to routine small scale laboratory Rearing methods.Methods: Anopheles arabiensis immature stages were reared both on a large scale using a rack and tray system developed by the FAO/IAEA (MRS), and on a small scale using standard laboratory Rearing trays (SRS). Mosquito life history traits such as pupation rate, emergence rate, adult size as well as the effect of irradiation on adult longevity were evaluated. Moreover, 5-6 day old mosquitoes were released into field cages and left for two nights to mate and the mating competitiveness between sterile Mass-reared males and fertile males reared on a small scale when competing for small scale reared virgin females was investigated. Resulting fertility in a treatment ratio of 1:1:1 (100 irradiated males: 100 non-irradiated males: 100 virgin females) was compared to control cages with 0:100:100 (non-irradiated control) and 100:0:100 (irradiated control).Results: No significant differences in life history parameters were observed between Rearing methods. The competitiveness index of Mass reared males (0.58) was similar to males reared on a small scale (0.59). A residual fertility rate of 20% was observed in the irradiated control (100:0:100), measured as the percentage of eggs collected from the cages which developed to adulthood. No significant difference was observed (t = 0.2896, df = 4, P = 0.7865) between the Rearing treatments (MRS and SRS) in the fertility rate, a measure of mating competitiveness.Conclusions: The results showed that the FAO/IAEA Mass-Rearing process did not affect mosquito life history parameters or the mating competitiveness of males.

Dieudonne Diloma Soma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • does mosquito Mass Rearing produce an inferior mosquito
    Malaria Journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Dieudonne Diloma Soma, Hamidou Maiga, Wadaka Mamai, Nanwintoun S Bimbilesomda, Adel Barakat Ali, Hanano Yamada, Abdoulaye Diabate, Nelius Venter, Florence Fournet, Georges Anice Ouedraogo
    Abstract:

    Background The success of the sterile insect technique depends, among other things, on continuous releases of sexually competitive sterile males within the target area. Several factors (including high Rearing density and physical manipulation, such as larvae and pupae separation) can influence the quality of males produced in Mass-Rearing facilities. The different steps in Mass production in the laboratory may modify the behaviour of mosquitoes, directly or through loss of natural characters as a result of adaptation to lab Rearing, and lead to the competitiveness of sterile male being reduced. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of Mass-Rearing conditions on sterile male sexual competitiveness in semi-field cages compared to routine small scale laboratory Rearing methods.

  • Does mosquito Mass-Rearing produce an inferior mosquito?
    Malaria journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Dieudonne Diloma Soma, Hamidou Maiga, Wadaka Mamai, Adel Barakat Ali, Hanano Yamada, Abdoulaye Diabate, Nelius Venter, Florence Fournet, Nanwintoun S. Bimbile-somda, Georges Anicet Ouédraogo
    Abstract:

    The success of the sterile insect technique depends, among other things, on continuous releases of sexually competitive sterile males within the target area. Several factors (including high Rearing density and physical manipulation, such as larvae and pupae separation) can influence the quality of males produced in Mass-Rearing facilities. The different steps in Mass production in the laboratory may modify the behaviour of mosquitoes, directly or through loss of natural characters as a result of adaptation to lab Rearing, and lead to the competitiveness of sterile male being reduced. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of Mass-Rearing conditions on sterile male sexual competitiveness in semi-field cages compared to routine small scale laboratory Rearing methods. Anopheles arabiensis immature stages were reared both on a large scale using a rack and tray system developed by the FAO/IAEA (MRS), and on a small scale using standard laboratory Rearing trays (SRS). Mosquito life history traits such as pupation rate, emergence rate, adult size as well as the effect of irradiation on adult longevity were evaluated. Moreover, 5–6 day old mosquitoes were released into field cages and left for two nights to mate and the mating competitiveness between sterile Mass-reared males and fertile males reared on a small scale when competing for small scale reared virgin females was investigated. Resulting fertility in a treatment ratio of 1:1:1 (100 irradiated males: 100 non-irradiated males: 100 virgin females) was compared to control cages with 0:100:100 (non-irradiated control) and 100:0:100 (irradiated control). No significant differences in life history parameters were observed between Rearing methods. The competitiveness index of Mass reared males (0.58) was similar to males reared on a small scale (0.59). A residual fertility rate of 20% was observed in the irradiated control (100:0:100), measured as the percentage of eggs collected from the cages which developed to adulthood. No significant difference was observed (t = 0.2896, df = 4, P = 0.7865) between the Rearing treatments (MRS and SRS) in the fertility rate, a measure of mating competitiveness. The results showed that the FAO/IAEA Mass-Rearing process did not affect mosquito life history parameters or the mating competitiveness of males.