The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Karen Evans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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concentrations of organochlorines in sperm whales physeter macrocephalus from southern australian waters
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2004Co-Authors: Karen Evans, Mark A. Hindell, Greg HinceAbstract:Abstract Concentrations of DDTs, PCBs and HCHs were measured in sperm whales involved in two Mass Stranding events on the west coast of Tasmania, Australia in February 1998. DDTs and PCBs were present in all samples analysed, while only three contained HCHs. The relationships between organochlorines, sex, age and reproductive groups were marked by high variability. Differences in organochlorine concentrations were observed between animals from the two Stranding sites and discussed in light of the ecology of this species. Concentrations of all pollutants were stratified throughout the vertical aspect of the blubber and possible reasons for and the implications of this are discussed. Concentrations of compounds were higher than those documented in this species in the Southern Hemisphere previously, although were relatively lower than those documented in the Northern Hemisphere. However, comparisons were confounded by spatial and temporal differences. Continued monitoring of marine mammals throughout this region in a co-coordinated, standardized manner is essential for establishing definite temporal and spatial variations in pollutant concentrations.
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the diet of sperm whales physeter macrocephalus in southern australian waters
Ices Journal of Marine Science, 2004Co-Authors: Karen Evans, Mark A. HindellAbstract:Stomach contents were collected from 36 sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) involved in two Mass Stranding events during February 1998 along the west coastline of Tasmania, Australia. Contents were dominated by oceanic cephalopods, with a total of 101 883 cephalopod beaks representing 48 species from 14 families of Teuthids, two species from two families of Octopods, and a single Vampyromorph species identified. Species diversity was higher in these animals than other sperm whales studied in the southern hemisphere, with samples containing an average of (±s.d.) 28.4 ± 11.1 species per sample. Diet samples were dominated by subtropical and muscular cephalopod species. Members of the family Histioteuthidae were the most important numerically, and were also important in terms of estimated reconstituted Mass, although members of the Onychoteuthidae were the most dominant species in samples in terms of estimated reconstituted Mass. Other families numerically important to species composition included the cranchiid, lepidoteuthid, onychoteuthid, and pholidoteuthid families, while the architeuthid, pholidoteuthid, and ommastrephid families were also important in terms of reconstituted Mass. Cephalopod species composition varied with Stranding site and with sex, but not with age. However, differences did not represent systemic variation with groups marked by high individual variability. Lower rostral lengths of all cephalopod species ranged from 1.3 to 40.7 mm. Calculated dorsal mantle lengths from all species ranged from 10.7 to 2640.7 mm (mean ± s.d. = 233.7 ± 215.7 mm) and estimated wet weights of cephalopod prey ranged from 2.7 to 110 233.1 g (mean ± s.d. = 828.3 ± 3073.6 g). While there were differences in the size of some cephalopod species between Stranding sites and with age, this was marked by high individual variability. Differences in diet composition and prey size between sperm whales reflect individual variability in foraging success and perhaps also foraging groups related to the social structure of this species. © 2004 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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body fat and condition in sperm whales physeter macrocephalus from southern australian waters
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2003Co-Authors: Karen Evans, Mark A. Hindell, Deborah ThieleAbstract:Blubber thickness (n=102) and lipid content (n=37) were measured in sperm whales from three Mass Stranding events on the west and north-west coasts of Tasmania, Australia in February 1998. Blubber thickness was highly variable, ranging from 43.0 to 168.0 mm (mean 98.4±18.4 mm) while lipid fat content, also highly variable, ranged from 16.19 to 89.34% (mean 49.2±17.9%). Blubber thickness was significantly and positively related to total length, but a blubber thickness index based on the residuals of this relationship was not related to age, sex or reproductive condition. No relationship was found between blubber thickness index and blubber lipid content, indicating that blubber thickness may not provide a comprehensive indication of body fat condition in sperm whales when only measured at a single site. Blubber lipid content was not related to total length, age or sex. Blubber lipid content was stratified vertically throughout the blubber layer, suggesting that the inner blubber layer may be a more active site for lipid deposition and mobilisation, while the outer blubber layer may serve in a structural or thermoregulatory role. The social structure and foraging ecology of this species may serve to minimise the need to rely on stored energy reserves to meet reproductive energy requirements. In addition, the broader role of blubber for structural, buoyancy and insulative functions coupled with high individual variability may cause a lack of obvious relationships between these variables and body size, age, sex and reproductive state in this species.
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three Mass Strandings of sperm whales physeter macrocephalus in southern australian waters
Marine Mammal Science, 2002Co-Authors: Karen Evans, Mark A. Hindell, Margaret G Morrice, Deborah ThieleAbstract:One hundred and fifteen sperm whales (97 female, 15 male, 3 unknown sex) were involved in three Mass Stranding events during the month of February 1998 along the west and northwest coastlines of Tasmania, Australia. Sixty-six of these whales stranded at Ocean Beach, Strahan; 35 at Greens Beach, Marrawah; and 11 at Black River Beach, Stanley. The remaining whales stranded singly along the coastline. Three Mass Strandings of this species in such close temporal proximity have not been reported in this area before, and this is the first time that data have been comprehensively collected from complete or near-complete groups of sperm whales from Tasmanian waters. Adult females dominated the three Stranding groups. Total lengths ranged from 417 to 1,200 cm and ages ranged from 0.75 to 64 yr. Four females were lactating and four fetuses were found amongst the groups. Stomach contents were dominated by pelagic cephalopods.
Sherine Sonia Cubelio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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three year investigations into sperm whale fall ecosystems in japan
Marine Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Yoshihiro Fujiwara, Chikayo Noda, Tomoyuki Komai, Toshiro Yamanaka, Shinji Tsuchida, Masaru Kawato, Waka Satookoshi, Tomoko Yamamoto, Sherine Sonia CubelioAbstract:We report the first study of sperm whale-fall ecosystems, based on Mass sinking of whale carcasses at shelf depths in the northwest Pacific. We conducted three observations over a 2-year period on replicate sperm-whale carcasses implanted at depths of 219‐254 m off the southern part of Japan from July 2003 to August 2005. The study was made possible by a Mass Stranding of sperm whales in January 2002, and the subsequent sinking of 12 carcasses in the waters off Cape Nomamisaki. Dense aggregations of unique chemosynthesis-based fauna had formed around the whale carcasses after 18 months (July 2003). The mytilid mussel Adipicola pacifica was the most abundant macrofaunal species and covered most of the exposed bone surfaces. The general composition of the fauna was similar to that of deep-water reducing habitats, but none of the species appearing in this study has been found at hydrothermal vents, cold seeps or deep-water whale falls. A new species of lancelet, which was the first record of the subphylum Cephalochordata from reducing environments, a new species of Osedax; a rarely encountered benthic ctenophore, and a rare gastropod species were discovered at this sperm whale-fall site. Benthic communities were similar across all the carcasses studied, although the body sizes of the whales were very different. The succession of epifaunal communities was relatively rapid and the sulphophilic stage was considerably shorter than that of other known whale falls.
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Three-year investigations into sperm whale-fall ecosystems in Japan
Marine Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Yoshihiro Fujiwara, Chikayo Noda, Tomoyuki Komai, Sherine Sonia Cubelio, Toshiro Yamanaka, Waka Sato-okoshi, Shinji Tsuchida, Masaru Kawato, Tomoko Yamamoto, Takenori SasakiAbstract:We report the first study of sperm whale-fall ecosystems, based on Mass sinking of whale carcasses at shelf depths in the northwest Pacific. We conducted three observations over a 2-year period on replicate sperm-whale carcasses implanted at depths of 219-254m off the southern part of Japan from July 2003 to August 2005. The study was made possible by a Mass Stranding of sperm whales in January 2002, and the subsequent sinking of 12 carcasses in the waters off Cape Nomamisaki. Dense aggregations of unique chemosynthesis-based fauna had formed around the whale carcasses after 18months (July 2003). The mytilid mussel Adipicola pacifica was the most abundant macrofaunal species and covered most of the exposed bone surfaces. The general composition of the fauna was similar to that of deep-water reducing habitats, but none of the species appearing in this study has been found at hydrothermal vents, cold seeps or deep-water whale falls. A new species of lancelet, which was the first record of the subphylum Cephalochordata from reducing environments, a new species of Osedax; a rarely encountered benthic ctenophore, and a rare gastropod species were discovered at this sperm whale-fall site. Benthic communities were similar across all the carcasses studied, although the body sizes of the whales were very different. The succession of epifaunal communities was relatively rapid and the sulphophilic stage was considerably shorter than that of other known whale falls. © 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Mark A. Hindell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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concentrations of organochlorines in sperm whales physeter macrocephalus from southern australian waters
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2004Co-Authors: Karen Evans, Mark A. Hindell, Greg HinceAbstract:Abstract Concentrations of DDTs, PCBs and HCHs were measured in sperm whales involved in two Mass Stranding events on the west coast of Tasmania, Australia in February 1998. DDTs and PCBs were present in all samples analysed, while only three contained HCHs. The relationships between organochlorines, sex, age and reproductive groups were marked by high variability. Differences in organochlorine concentrations were observed between animals from the two Stranding sites and discussed in light of the ecology of this species. Concentrations of all pollutants were stratified throughout the vertical aspect of the blubber and possible reasons for and the implications of this are discussed. Concentrations of compounds were higher than those documented in this species in the Southern Hemisphere previously, although were relatively lower than those documented in the Northern Hemisphere. However, comparisons were confounded by spatial and temporal differences. Continued monitoring of marine mammals throughout this region in a co-coordinated, standardized manner is essential for establishing definite temporal and spatial variations in pollutant concentrations.
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the diet of sperm whales physeter macrocephalus in southern australian waters
Ices Journal of Marine Science, 2004Co-Authors: Karen Evans, Mark A. HindellAbstract:Stomach contents were collected from 36 sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) involved in two Mass Stranding events during February 1998 along the west coastline of Tasmania, Australia. Contents were dominated by oceanic cephalopods, with a total of 101 883 cephalopod beaks representing 48 species from 14 families of Teuthids, two species from two families of Octopods, and a single Vampyromorph species identified. Species diversity was higher in these animals than other sperm whales studied in the southern hemisphere, with samples containing an average of (±s.d.) 28.4 ± 11.1 species per sample. Diet samples were dominated by subtropical and muscular cephalopod species. Members of the family Histioteuthidae were the most important numerically, and were also important in terms of estimated reconstituted Mass, although members of the Onychoteuthidae were the most dominant species in samples in terms of estimated reconstituted Mass. Other families numerically important to species composition included the cranchiid, lepidoteuthid, onychoteuthid, and pholidoteuthid families, while the architeuthid, pholidoteuthid, and ommastrephid families were also important in terms of reconstituted Mass. Cephalopod species composition varied with Stranding site and with sex, but not with age. However, differences did not represent systemic variation with groups marked by high individual variability. Lower rostral lengths of all cephalopod species ranged from 1.3 to 40.7 mm. Calculated dorsal mantle lengths from all species ranged from 10.7 to 2640.7 mm (mean ± s.d. = 233.7 ± 215.7 mm) and estimated wet weights of cephalopod prey ranged from 2.7 to 110 233.1 g (mean ± s.d. = 828.3 ± 3073.6 g). While there were differences in the size of some cephalopod species between Stranding sites and with age, this was marked by high individual variability. Differences in diet composition and prey size between sperm whales reflect individual variability in foraging success and perhaps also foraging groups related to the social structure of this species. © 2004 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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body fat and condition in sperm whales physeter macrocephalus from southern australian waters
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2003Co-Authors: Karen Evans, Mark A. Hindell, Deborah ThieleAbstract:Blubber thickness (n=102) and lipid content (n=37) were measured in sperm whales from three Mass Stranding events on the west and north-west coasts of Tasmania, Australia in February 1998. Blubber thickness was highly variable, ranging from 43.0 to 168.0 mm (mean 98.4±18.4 mm) while lipid fat content, also highly variable, ranged from 16.19 to 89.34% (mean 49.2±17.9%). Blubber thickness was significantly and positively related to total length, but a blubber thickness index based on the residuals of this relationship was not related to age, sex or reproductive condition. No relationship was found between blubber thickness index and blubber lipid content, indicating that blubber thickness may not provide a comprehensive indication of body fat condition in sperm whales when only measured at a single site. Blubber lipid content was not related to total length, age or sex. Blubber lipid content was stratified vertically throughout the blubber layer, suggesting that the inner blubber layer may be a more active site for lipid deposition and mobilisation, while the outer blubber layer may serve in a structural or thermoregulatory role. The social structure and foraging ecology of this species may serve to minimise the need to rely on stored energy reserves to meet reproductive energy requirements. In addition, the broader role of blubber for structural, buoyancy and insulative functions coupled with high individual variability may cause a lack of obvious relationships between these variables and body size, age, sex and reproductive state in this species.
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three Mass Strandings of sperm whales physeter macrocephalus in southern australian waters
Marine Mammal Science, 2002Co-Authors: Karen Evans, Mark A. Hindell, Margaret G Morrice, Deborah ThieleAbstract:One hundred and fifteen sperm whales (97 female, 15 male, 3 unknown sex) were involved in three Mass Stranding events during the month of February 1998 along the west and northwest coastlines of Tasmania, Australia. Sixty-six of these whales stranded at Ocean Beach, Strahan; 35 at Greens Beach, Marrawah; and 11 at Black River Beach, Stanley. The remaining whales stranded singly along the coastline. Three Mass Strandings of this species in such close temporal proximity have not been reported in this area before, and this is the first time that data have been comprehensively collected from complete or near-complete groups of sperm whales from Tasmanian waters. Adult females dominated the three Stranding groups. Total lengths ranged from 417 to 1,200 cm and ages ranged from 0.75 to 64 yr. Four females were lactating and four fetuses were found amongst the groups. Stomach contents were dominated by pelagic cephalopods.
Chikayo Noda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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three year investigations into sperm whale fall ecosystems in japan
Marine Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Yoshihiro Fujiwara, Chikayo Noda, Tomoyuki Komai, Toshiro Yamanaka, Shinji Tsuchida, Masaru Kawato, Waka Satookoshi, Tomoko Yamamoto, Sherine Sonia CubelioAbstract:We report the first study of sperm whale-fall ecosystems, based on Mass sinking of whale carcasses at shelf depths in the northwest Pacific. We conducted three observations over a 2-year period on replicate sperm-whale carcasses implanted at depths of 219‐254 m off the southern part of Japan from July 2003 to August 2005. The study was made possible by a Mass Stranding of sperm whales in January 2002, and the subsequent sinking of 12 carcasses in the waters off Cape Nomamisaki. Dense aggregations of unique chemosynthesis-based fauna had formed around the whale carcasses after 18 months (July 2003). The mytilid mussel Adipicola pacifica was the most abundant macrofaunal species and covered most of the exposed bone surfaces. The general composition of the fauna was similar to that of deep-water reducing habitats, but none of the species appearing in this study has been found at hydrothermal vents, cold seeps or deep-water whale falls. A new species of lancelet, which was the first record of the subphylum Cephalochordata from reducing environments, a new species of Osedax; a rarely encountered benthic ctenophore, and a rare gastropod species were discovered at this sperm whale-fall site. Benthic communities were similar across all the carcasses studied, although the body sizes of the whales were very different. The succession of epifaunal communities was relatively rapid and the sulphophilic stage was considerably shorter than that of other known whale falls.
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Three-year investigations into sperm whale-fall ecosystems in Japan
Marine Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Yoshihiro Fujiwara, Chikayo Noda, Tomoyuki Komai, Sherine Sonia Cubelio, Toshiro Yamanaka, Waka Sato-okoshi, Shinji Tsuchida, Masaru Kawato, Tomoko Yamamoto, Takenori SasakiAbstract:We report the first study of sperm whale-fall ecosystems, based on Mass sinking of whale carcasses at shelf depths in the northwest Pacific. We conducted three observations over a 2-year period on replicate sperm-whale carcasses implanted at depths of 219-254m off the southern part of Japan from July 2003 to August 2005. The study was made possible by a Mass Stranding of sperm whales in January 2002, and the subsequent sinking of 12 carcasses in the waters off Cape Nomamisaki. Dense aggregations of unique chemosynthesis-based fauna had formed around the whale carcasses after 18months (July 2003). The mytilid mussel Adipicola pacifica was the most abundant macrofaunal species and covered most of the exposed bone surfaces. The general composition of the fauna was similar to that of deep-water reducing habitats, but none of the species appearing in this study has been found at hydrothermal vents, cold seeps or deep-water whale falls. A new species of lancelet, which was the first record of the subphylum Cephalochordata from reducing environments, a new species of Osedax; a rarely encountered benthic ctenophore, and a rare gastropod species were discovered at this sperm whale-fall site. Benthic communities were similar across all the carcasses studied, although the body sizes of the whales were very different. The succession of epifaunal communities was relatively rapid and the sulphophilic stage was considerably shorter than that of other known whale falls. © 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Yoshihiro Fujiwara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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three year investigations into sperm whale fall ecosystems in japan
Marine Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Yoshihiro Fujiwara, Chikayo Noda, Tomoyuki Komai, Toshiro Yamanaka, Shinji Tsuchida, Masaru Kawato, Waka Satookoshi, Tomoko Yamamoto, Sherine Sonia CubelioAbstract:We report the first study of sperm whale-fall ecosystems, based on Mass sinking of whale carcasses at shelf depths in the northwest Pacific. We conducted three observations over a 2-year period on replicate sperm-whale carcasses implanted at depths of 219‐254 m off the southern part of Japan from July 2003 to August 2005. The study was made possible by a Mass Stranding of sperm whales in January 2002, and the subsequent sinking of 12 carcasses in the waters off Cape Nomamisaki. Dense aggregations of unique chemosynthesis-based fauna had formed around the whale carcasses after 18 months (July 2003). The mytilid mussel Adipicola pacifica was the most abundant macrofaunal species and covered most of the exposed bone surfaces. The general composition of the fauna was similar to that of deep-water reducing habitats, but none of the species appearing in this study has been found at hydrothermal vents, cold seeps or deep-water whale falls. A new species of lancelet, which was the first record of the subphylum Cephalochordata from reducing environments, a new species of Osedax; a rarely encountered benthic ctenophore, and a rare gastropod species were discovered at this sperm whale-fall site. Benthic communities were similar across all the carcasses studied, although the body sizes of the whales were very different. The succession of epifaunal communities was relatively rapid and the sulphophilic stage was considerably shorter than that of other known whale falls.
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Three-year investigations into sperm whale-fall ecosystems in Japan
Marine Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Yoshihiro Fujiwara, Chikayo Noda, Tomoyuki Komai, Sherine Sonia Cubelio, Toshiro Yamanaka, Waka Sato-okoshi, Shinji Tsuchida, Masaru Kawato, Tomoko Yamamoto, Takenori SasakiAbstract:We report the first study of sperm whale-fall ecosystems, based on Mass sinking of whale carcasses at shelf depths in the northwest Pacific. We conducted three observations over a 2-year period on replicate sperm-whale carcasses implanted at depths of 219-254m off the southern part of Japan from July 2003 to August 2005. The study was made possible by a Mass Stranding of sperm whales in January 2002, and the subsequent sinking of 12 carcasses in the waters off Cape Nomamisaki. Dense aggregations of unique chemosynthesis-based fauna had formed around the whale carcasses after 18months (July 2003). The mytilid mussel Adipicola pacifica was the most abundant macrofaunal species and covered most of the exposed bone surfaces. The general composition of the fauna was similar to that of deep-water reducing habitats, but none of the species appearing in this study has been found at hydrothermal vents, cold seeps or deep-water whale falls. A new species of lancelet, which was the first record of the subphylum Cephalochordata from reducing environments, a new species of Osedax; a rarely encountered benthic ctenophore, and a rare gastropod species were discovered at this sperm whale-fall site. Benthic communities were similar across all the carcasses studied, although the body sizes of the whales were very different. The succession of epifaunal communities was relatively rapid and the sulphophilic stage was considerably shorter than that of other known whale falls. © 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.