The Experts below are selected from a list of 33420 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Glyn Wittwer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SinoTERM365, Bottom-up Representation of China at the Prefectural Level
2018Co-Authors: Glyn Wittwer, Jonathan HorridgeAbstract:The TERM methodology requires relatively modest data requirements to create a multi-regional, sub-national CGE Database. SinoTERM365 is an extreme form of stretching available data, with the Master Database representing 162 sectors in 365 prefectural regions of the Chinese economy. A collaborative effort is envisaged among users to enable ongoing improvements to the Database. The TERM approach facilitates rapid amendments to the Database when improved data are available. The alternative, to wait until better data emerge before building a model, may result in less detail and a less versatile framework for analysis. In our example, we consider a downturn in use of coal and coal-generated electricity in China.
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Preparing a Database for Dynamic CGE Modeling
Multi-regional Dynamic General Equilibrium Modeling of the U.S. Economy, 2017Co-Authors: Glyn WittwerAbstract:This chapter describes the preparation of a multi-regional Database for aggregated dynamic simulations with USAGE-TERM, a multi-regional model of the U.S. economy. The need for aggregation arises because the Master Database is far too large for the model ever to be run with full dimensions, necessitating aggregation for every model application.
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Top-Down Extensions to Represent Counties and Congressional Districts and Moving to Bottom-Up
Multi-regional Dynamic General Equilibrium Modeling of the U.S. Economy, 2017Co-Authors: Mark Horridge, Glyn WittwerAbstract:The TERM implementation of a multi-regional model enables users to run with more sectors and regions than earlier multi-regional CGE models. But a trait of multi-regional modeling is that there is always interest in regions smaller than those captured by the model. In addition, in policy debates, political regions are of interest. A top-down representation, which takes simulation results and distributes outcomes to small regions based on industry activity shares, provides a way of representing county level or congressional district outcomes in USAGE-TERM. From top-down data, it is possible to devise a bottom-up Master Database for more regions than the standard USAGE-TERM Database.
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Introducing Dynamics to TERM
Economic Modeling of Water, 2012Co-Authors: Glyn Wittwer, George VerikiosAbstract:The massive Master Database of TERM needs to be aggregated before it can be used for any simulation. There is demand for moving to dynamic TERM simulations and rewards from doing so due to additional insights that arise from the influence that a dynamic baseline may have on a policy simulation. This chapter covers a number of issues concerning dynamic modeling with TERM. We start by outlining the motivations for moving from comparative static to dynamic regional modeling. Following that, we provide an overview of how we go about making a version of TERM dynamic. This includes details of how to vary the time intervals within a dynamic model. Next is an explanation of using the Master Database of TERM to prepare variable aggregation versions of dynamic TERM. The chapter also outlines how recursive dynamic models are run. RunDynam (specialist software) is a very useful tool for the dynamic CGE practitioner.
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A multi‐regional representation of China's agricultural sectors
China Agricultural Economic Review, 2009Co-Authors: Glyn Wittwer, Mark HorridgeAbstract:Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline a version of SinoTERM, a multi‐regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of China that has been updated and disaggregated further to enhance the agricultural detail. A version of the model is publicly available and will be useful to CGE modelers studying Chinese agricultural issues (www.monash.edu.au/policy/sinoterm.htm).Design/methodology/approach – The paper outlines data sources for building SinoTERM. It contains a CGE application to agriculture in China. Unlike the national input‐output table published by the National Bureau of Statistics, the Master Database of SinoTERM contains many agricultural sectors.Findings – CGE models that represent a nation as a single economy may offer rich insights into winners and losers from particular policy scenarios. Multi‐regional analysis takes this a step further by comparing outcomes for regions in which particular industries are a relatively large part of the economy.Research limitations/implications – T...
Will Ollison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determining the frequency of open windows in motor vehicles: A pilot study using a video camera in Houston, Texas during high temperature conditions
Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 2002Co-Authors: Tom Long, Ted Johnson, Will OllisonAbstract:Researchers have developed a variety of computer-based models to estimate population exposure to air pollution. These models typically estimate exposures by simulating the movement of specific population groups through defined microenvironments. Exposures in the motor vehicle microenvironment are significantly affected by air exchange rate, which in turn is affected by vehicle speed, window position, vent status, and air conditioning use. A pilot study was conducted in Houston, Texas, during September 2000 for a specific set of weather, vehicle speed, and road type conditions to determine whether useful information on the position of windows, sunroofs, and convertible tops could be obtained through the use of video cameras. Monitoring was conducted at three sites (two arterial roads and one interstate highway) on the perimeter of Harris County located in or near areas not subject to mandated Inspection and Maintenance programs. Each site permitted an elevated view of vehicles as they proceeded through a turn, thereby exposing all windows to the stationary video camera. Five videotaping sessions were conducted over a two-day period in which the Heat Index (HI)–a function of temperature and humidity–varied from 80 to 101 degrees F and vehicle speed varied from 30 to 74 mph. The resulting videotapes were processed to create a Master Database listing vehicle-specific data for site location, date, time, vehicle type (e.g., minivan), color, window configuration (e.g., four windows and sunroof), number of windows in each of three position categories (fully open, partially open, and closed), HI, and speed. Of the 758 vehicles included in the Database, 140 (18.5 percent) were labeled as "open," indicating a window, sunroof, or convertible top was fully or partially open. The results of a series of stepwise linear regression analyses indicated that the probability of a vehicle in the Master Database being "open" was weakly affected by time of day, vehicle type, vehicle color, vehicle speed, and HI. In particular, open windows occurred more frequently when vehicle speed was less than 50 mph during periods when HI exceeded 99.9 degrees F and the vehicle was a minivan or passenger van. Overall, the pilot study demonstrated that data on factors affecting vehicle window position could be acquired through a relatively simple experimental protocol using a single video camera. Limitations of the study requiring further research include the inability to determine the status of the vehicle air conditioning system; lack of a wide range of weather, vehicle speed, and road type conditions; and the need to exclude some vehicles from statistical analyses due to ambiguous window positions.
Mark Horridge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Top-Down Extensions to Represent Counties and Congressional Districts and Moving to Bottom-Up
Multi-regional Dynamic General Equilibrium Modeling of the U.S. Economy, 2017Co-Authors: Mark Horridge, Glyn WittwerAbstract:The TERM implementation of a multi-regional model enables users to run with more sectors and regions than earlier multi-regional CGE models. But a trait of multi-regional modeling is that there is always interest in regions smaller than those captured by the model. In addition, in policy debates, political regions are of interest. A top-down representation, which takes simulation results and distributes outcomes to small regions based on industry activity shares, provides a way of representing county level or congressional district outcomes in USAGE-TERM. From top-down data, it is possible to devise a bottom-up Master Database for more regions than the standard USAGE-TERM Database.
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A multi‐regional representation of China's agricultural sectors
China Agricultural Economic Review, 2009Co-Authors: Glyn Wittwer, Mark HorridgeAbstract:Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline a version of SinoTERM, a multi‐regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of China that has been updated and disaggregated further to enhance the agricultural detail. A version of the model is publicly available and will be useful to CGE modelers studying Chinese agricultural issues (www.monash.edu.au/policy/sinoterm.htm).Design/methodology/approach – The paper outlines data sources for building SinoTERM. It contains a CGE application to agriculture in China. Unlike the national input‐output table published by the National Bureau of Statistics, the Master Database of SinoTERM contains many agricultural sectors.Findings – CGE models that represent a nation as a single economy may offer rich insights into winners and losers from particular policy scenarios. Multi‐regional analysis takes this a step further by comparing outcomes for regions in which particular industries are a relatively large part of the economy.Research limitations/implications – T...
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SinoTERM, a multi-regional CGE model of China
China Economic Review, 2008Co-Authors: Mark Horridge, Glyn WittwerAbstract:Abstract The paper outlines the theory and Database preparation of SinoTERM, a “bottom-up” computable general equilibrium model of the Chinese economy. The methodology by which we construct the multi-regional model allows us to present the economy of China in an unprecedented amount of detail. SinoTERM covers all 31 provinces and municipalities. The Database of the model extends the published national input–output table for 2002 to 137 sectors. The single crops sector in the published national input–output table is split into 11 and the single livestock sector into three. The multi-regional CGE model provides a framework that we could modify to apply to many different policy applications. We can use SinoTERM to analyse the regional economic impacts of region-specific shocks. Such shocks could major construction projects or investments in health and education sectors, in an effort to accelerate economic growth in the lagging inland provinces. We use a 63 sector, 10 region aggregation of the SinoTERM Master Database to model the regional economic impacts of the construction of the Chongqing–Lichuan rail link.
Tom Long - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determining the frequency of open windows in motor vehicles: A pilot study using a video camera in Houston, Texas during high temperature conditions
Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 2002Co-Authors: Tom Long, Ted Johnson, Will OllisonAbstract:Researchers have developed a variety of computer-based models to estimate population exposure to air pollution. These models typically estimate exposures by simulating the movement of specific population groups through defined microenvironments. Exposures in the motor vehicle microenvironment are significantly affected by air exchange rate, which in turn is affected by vehicle speed, window position, vent status, and air conditioning use. A pilot study was conducted in Houston, Texas, during September 2000 for a specific set of weather, vehicle speed, and road type conditions to determine whether useful information on the position of windows, sunroofs, and convertible tops could be obtained through the use of video cameras. Monitoring was conducted at three sites (two arterial roads and one interstate highway) on the perimeter of Harris County located in or near areas not subject to mandated Inspection and Maintenance programs. Each site permitted an elevated view of vehicles as they proceeded through a turn, thereby exposing all windows to the stationary video camera. Five videotaping sessions were conducted over a two-day period in which the Heat Index (HI)–a function of temperature and humidity–varied from 80 to 101 degrees F and vehicle speed varied from 30 to 74 mph. The resulting videotapes were processed to create a Master Database listing vehicle-specific data for site location, date, time, vehicle type (e.g., minivan), color, window configuration (e.g., four windows and sunroof), number of windows in each of three position categories (fully open, partially open, and closed), HI, and speed. Of the 758 vehicles included in the Database, 140 (18.5 percent) were labeled as "open," indicating a window, sunroof, or convertible top was fully or partially open. The results of a series of stepwise linear regression analyses indicated that the probability of a vehicle in the Master Database being "open" was weakly affected by time of day, vehicle type, vehicle color, vehicle speed, and HI. In particular, open windows occurred more frequently when vehicle speed was less than 50 mph during periods when HI exceeded 99.9 degrees F and the vehicle was a minivan or passenger van. Overall, the pilot study demonstrated that data on factors affecting vehicle window position could be acquired through a relatively simple experimental protocol using a single video camera. Limitations of the study requiring further research include the inability to determine the status of the vehicle air conditioning system; lack of a wide range of weather, vehicle speed, and road type conditions; and the need to exclude some vehicles from statistical analyses due to ambiguous window positions.
S Friedman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a pooled analysis to evaluate results of capsule endoscopy trials
Endoscopy, 2005Co-Authors: Blair S Lewis, G M Eisen, S FriedmanAbstract:BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Capsule endoscopy is a new tool in the evaluation of the small intestine. To speed evaluation and acceptance of this technology, the manufacturer (Given Imaging Ltd, Yoqneam, Israel) funded several trials. The data from these trials were collected at a central repository using a standardized reporting tool. Presentation of this data to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July 2003 led to the removal of the adjunctive term with regard to indication for capsule endoscopy, recognizing that the method is of independent importance for evaluating the small bowel. The aim of the present study was to combine the data from several capsule trials to help determine the yield and miss rate of capsule endoscopy for different diseases, compared with alternative diagnostic modalities. METHODS Capsule studies were identified from a Master Database of funded studies. Studies were included in the pooled analysis if they reported a prospective comparison with another modality for evaluation of the small intestine. RESULTS 32 studies with a total of 691 patients were found in the Master Database, of which 24 studies, representing 530 patients, met inclusion criteria and were entered into the pooled analysis. Prior to study entry, patients had undergone a mean of 6.77 diagnostic procedures, without findings. Of these 24 studies, 14 (involving 310 patients) were categorized as "bleeding" studies, and 10 studies (220 patients) as "nonbleeding small-bowel disorders" studies. The comparison procedure was push enteroscopy in 300 patients (in 45 for nonbleeding disorders), small-bowel series in 140 patients (in 125 for non-bleeding disorders), and colonoscopy with ileoscopy in 90 patients (50 for nonbleeding disorders). Overall analysis per patient showed new findings from capsule endoscopy in 50 % of patients; 17 % had new findings from the comparison method; in 22 % there were similar findings; and in 11 % there were no findings. A total of 1349 instances of disease were identified in the 530 examinations. Capsule endoscopy solely detected 87 % of the disease instances, while the comparison method solely detected 13 %. The yield for push enteroscopy alone was 14.8 %, for small-bowel series it was 9.9 %, and for colonoscopy it was 13.2 %. Capsule endoscopy missed 146 disease instances for a miss rate of 10 %; 989 were missed by the comparison methods for a miss rate of 73 %; and 214 were detected by both methods. CONCLUSION Capsule endoscopy is the state of the art method for noninvasive detection of small-bowel disease.