The Experts below are selected from a list of 63 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gordon H. Bower - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A Turning Point in Mathematical Learning Theory
Psychological review, 1994Co-Authors: Gordon H. BowerAbstract:This target article by Estes (1950) sparked the Mathematical Learning Theory movement, which took seriously the goal of predicting quantitative details of behavioral data from standard Learning experiments. The central constructs of Estes's Theory were stimulus variability, stimulus sampling, and stimulus-response association by contiguity, all cast within a framework enabling predictions of response probabilities and latencies. The math models enterprise flourished during the period 19501975 and provided successful quantitative accounts of data from Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning, probability Learning, verbal Learning, concept identification, and other standard Learning paradigms. The techniques have been assimilated into the armamentarium of theoretical psychology. Stimulus sampling Theory has faded away as it has been transformed into modern descendants such as connectionism and information-processing models of cognition. The designation of the 1950 article by Estes as a major event in the history of theoretical psychology is assuredly warranted. So few of the thousands of articles we toil to publish and read cause a major difference in how we think, what we believe, and how we behave as scientists. Estes's 1950 article marked a major turning point in my career as well as the careers of many other quantitatively oriented psychologists. I am pleased to have this opportunity to publicly acknowledge the influence that Estes's writings, beginning with this article, had on the careers of so many psychologists.
Sandy Lovie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Learning: Mathematical Learning Theory, History of
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Sandy Lovie, Pat LovieAbstract:This article is a revision of the previous edition article by W.K. Estes, volume 14, pp. 9391–9393, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
-
History of Mathematical Learning Theory
Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online, 2014Co-Authors: Sandy LovieAbstract:The article outlines the story of modern Mathematical Learning Theory from 1950. In particular, the account provides a brief comparison of the earlier work by Hull with the newer approaches by Estes, Bush and Mosteller, and Luce. It is noted that the latter were thoroughgoing probabilists in that they argued that all Learning could only be modeled by stochastic mechanisms. Keywords: Mathematical models; Learning Theory; stimulus sampling Theory; linear operator models; identifiability
-
Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science - History of Mathematical Learning Theory
Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science, 2005Co-Authors: Sandy LovieAbstract:The article outlines the story of modern Mathematical Learning Theory from 1950. In particular, the account provides a brief comparison of the earlier work by Hull with the newer approaches by Estes, Bush and Mosteller, and Luce. It is noted that the latter were thoroughgoing probabilists in that they argued that all Learning could only be modeled by stochastic mechanisms. Keywords: Mathematical models; Learning Theory; stimulus sampling Theory; linear operator models; identifiability
-
A privileged and exemplar resource: traumatic avoidance Learning and the early triumph of Mathematical psychology.
History of psychology, 2004Co-Authors: Sandy Lovie, Pat LovieAbstract:The relationship between a classic 1953 study by R. L. Solomon and L. C. Wynne on traumatic avoidance Learning and the pioneering efforts by Robert Bush and Frederick Mosteller and others to develop Mathematical models of Learning is analyzed. The main purpose is to explore how Bush and Mosteller disembedded a carefully selected set of Solomon and Wynne's data from its original context, which allowed something as seemingly humble as a set of numbers to become a widely available and valuable resource for the newly emerging field of Mathematical Learning Theory (MLT). The creative use that the MLT community made of these data once Bush and Mosteller had systematically reduced the empirical and conceptual uncertainties within Solomon and Wynne's study is also discussed.
Marc W. Howard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Mathematical Learning Theory through time
Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Marc W. HowardAbstract:Abstract Stimulus sampling Theory (SST: Estes, 1950 , Estes, 1955a , Estes, 1955b , Estes, 1959 ) was the first rigorous Mathematical model of Learning that posited a central role for an abstract cognitive representation distinct from the stimulus or the response. SST posited that (a) conditioning takes place not on the nominal stimulus presented to the learner, but on a cognitive representation caused by the nominal stimulus, and (b) the cognitive representation caused by a nominal stimulus changes gradually across presentations of that stimulus. Retrieved temporal context models assume that (a) a distributed representation of temporal context changes gradually over time in response to the studied stimuli, and (b) repeating a stimulus can recover a prior state of temporal context. We trace the evolution of these ideas from the early work on SST, and argue that recent neuroscientific evidence provides a physical basis for the abstract models that Estes envisioned more than a half-century ago.
Pat Lovie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Learning: Mathematical Learning Theory, History of
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Sandy Lovie, Pat LovieAbstract:This article is a revision of the previous edition article by W.K. Estes, volume 14, pp. 9391–9393, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
-
A privileged and exemplar resource: traumatic avoidance Learning and the early triumph of Mathematical psychology.
History of psychology, 2004Co-Authors: Sandy Lovie, Pat LovieAbstract:The relationship between a classic 1953 study by R. L. Solomon and L. C. Wynne on traumatic avoidance Learning and the pioneering efforts by Robert Bush and Frederick Mosteller and others to develop Mathematical models of Learning is analyzed. The main purpose is to explore how Bush and Mosteller disembedded a carefully selected set of Solomon and Wynne's data from its original context, which allowed something as seemingly humble as a set of numbers to become a widely available and valuable resource for the newly emerging field of Mathematical Learning Theory (MLT). The creative use that the MLT community made of these data once Bush and Mosteller had systematically reduced the empirical and conceptual uncertainties within Solomon and Wynne's study is also discussed.
Bo Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
An urn model for instrumental conditioning
1996 IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics. Information Intelligence and Systems (Cat. No.96CH35929), 1Co-Authors: Changqing Liu, Bo ZhangAbstract:Instrumental conditioning phenomena are fundamental to understanding human and animal Learning. The Learning process in conditioning phenomena is identified with updating of the action probabilities of the subjects. To account for the Learning process, Mathematical Learning Theory simply assumes certain closed form expressions for the updating of the action probabilities. However, there are no biological, psychological and physical grounds for these assumptions. In this paper we re-examine a classical paradigm of instrumental conditioning from a new perspective, and thereby abstract an urn model, which may provide a physical interpretation for the Learning process. The concepts such as "motivation", "reward", "punishment", etc. which previous theories might utilize in order to make themselves appear to be plausible, are not needed to account for the Learning process.