The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ellen D. Ketterson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Song types, song Performance, and the use of repertoires in dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis)
Behavioral Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: Goncalo C Cardoso, Jonathan W. Atwell, Ellen D. KettersonAbstract:Song Performance encompasses the idea of how physiologically demanding different songs are to sing, and this is thought to reflect the singing ability of individual birds. In the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), each male has a repertoire of song types, some of which are shared with other males in the population. We used 4 Measures of Performance, based on trade-offs between song traits, to test if song Performance is consistent among the song types making up the repertoire of individual males. We also tested if song types differ consistently in Performance regardless of which males sing them. We found low but significant correlations of Performance Measures among the song types of individual males. This contrasts with highly consistent differences in Performance among song types, regardless of which males sing them. We conclude that Performance of single song types, as evaluated by trade-off--based Measures of Performance, gives little information about male singing ability. As song types differ in Performance, we asked if males use the song types in their repertoires differently. We found that juncos use higher Performance song types during bouts of more motivated singing, as evaluated by the length of songs, suggesting that song types may be preferentially used in different contexts depending on their Performance. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
Kompier M.a.j. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of natural between-days variation in sleep on elite athletes' psychomotor vigilance and sport-specific Measures of Performance
2018Co-Authors: Knufinke M., Nieuwenhuys A., Maase K., Moen M.h., Geurts S.a.e., Coenen A.m.l., Kompier M.a.j.Abstract:Performance capacity in athletes depends on the ability to recover from past exercise. While evidence suggests that athletic Performance decreases following (partial) sleep deprivation and increases following sleep extension, it is unclear to which extent natural variation in sleep impacts Performance. Sleep quantity and, for the first time, sleep stages were assessed among 98 elite athletes on three non-consecutive nights within a 7-day monitoring period, along with Performance tests that were taken on standardized times each following morning. Performance assessment included psychomotor Performance (10-minute psychomotor vigilance task) and sport-specific tests of fine (e.g., accuracy) and gross motor skills (e.g., endurance, power). Mixed-effects models were employed to assess the effect of sleep quantity (total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency) and sleep stage duration (light, deep, REM) on Performance. Average TST was 7:30 ± 1:05 hours, with a mean variation of 57 minutes across days. Longer TSTs were associated with faster reaction times (p = 0.04). Analyses indicated small and inconsistent effects of sleep quantity (TST, SOL) and sleep staging (light sleep) on gross motor Performance, and no effects on fine motor skill Performance. Results indicate that natural variation in sleep quantity impacts psychomotor vigilance to a greater extent than athletic Performance. Small or absent effects can be a consequence of the rather small variation in non-manipulated sleep. It is suggested that one night of compromised sleep may not be immediately problematic, but that more extreme sleep loss or accumulated sleep debt may have more severe consequences
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Effects of natural between-days variation in sleep on elite athletes' psychomotor vigilance and sport-specific Measures of Performance
2018Co-Authors: Knufinke M., Nieuwenhuys A., Maase K., Moen M.h., Geurts S.a.e., Coenen A.m.l., Kompier M.a.j.Abstract:Contains fulltext : 195320.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Performance capacity in athletes depends on the ability to recover from past exercise. While evidence suggests that athletic Performance decreases following (partial) sleep deprivation and increases following sleep extension, it is unclear to which extent natural variation in sleep impacts Performance. Sleep quantity and, for the first time, sleep stages were assessed among 98 elite athletes on three non-consecutive nights within a 7-day monitoring period, along with Performance tests that were taken on standardized times each following morning. Performance assessment included psychomotor Performance (10-minute psychomotor vigilance task) and sport-specific tests of fine (e.g., accuracy) and gross motor skills (e.g., endurance, power). Mixed-effects models were employed to assess the effect of sleep quantity (total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency) and sleep stage duration (light, deep, REM) on Performance. Average TST was 7:30 ± 1:05 hours, with a mean variation of 57 minutes across days. Longer TSTs were associated with faster reaction times (p = 0.04). Analyses indicated small and inconsistent effects of sleep quantity (TST, SOL) and sleep staging (light sleep) on gross motor Performance, and no effects on fine motor skill Performance. Results indicate that natural variation in sleep quantity impacts psychomotor vigilance to a greater extent than athletic Performance. Small or absent effects can be a consequence of the rather small variation in non-manipulated sleep. It is suggested that one night of compromised sleep may not be immediately problematic, but that more extreme sleep loss or accumulated sleep debt may have more severe consequences.10 p
M. Lucas Murnaghan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of a cast application simulator and evaluation of objective Measures of Performance.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume, 2014Co-Authors: Joel Moktar, Charles A. Popkin, Andrew W. Howard, M. Lucas MurnaghanAbstract:Background: Surgical simulation offers a low-risk learning environment with repetitive practice opportunities for orthopaedic residents. It is increasingly prevalent in many training programs, as acquisition of technical skills in the face of educational demands and reduced work hours becomes more challenging. In addition to surgical skills, orthopaedic residents must also learn the technique of cast application. Deficiencies in casting skill are risk factors for re-displacement of fractures and cast-specific complications. Formal educational models to instruct or to evaluate casting technique have not been well described or tested. The purposes of this study were to develop a cast application simulator and to validate a novel method of evaluating casting skill. Methods: A module that simulates short arm cast application on a synthetic forearm model was developed. An Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill checklist was created with use of Delphi methodology involving nine content experts (five orthopaedic surgeons and four orthopaedic technologists). Nine participants (three medical students, three orthopaedic residents, two orthopaedic fellows, and one orthopaedic technologist) were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the checklist. Nine de-identified videos of cast application were recorded and were utilized to test the newly developed Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill checklist and Modified Global Rating Scale for reliability and validity. Participants were grouped by training level (medical students, orthopaedic residents, and orthopaedic fellows or orthopaedic technologists) and were evaluated twice. Results: Reliability was high as shown by intraclass correlation. The inter-rater reliability was 0.85 for the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill, 0.81 for the Modified Global Rating Scale Performance, and 0.78 for the Modified Global Rating Scale final product; the intra-rater reliability was 0.88 for the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill, 0.85 for the Modified Global Rating Scale Performance, and 0.81 for the Modified Global Rating Scale final product. The Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill checklist scores were 9.28 points for the medical students, 17.46 points for the orthopaedic residents, and 18.85 points for the orthopaedic fellows or orthopaedic technologists (p < 0.05, F = 6.32). The Modified Global Rating Scale Performance and final product scores also reflected the level of training. Post hoc analysis showed a significant difference between the medical students and orthopaedic fellows or orthopaedic technologists for the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill checklist and Modified Global Rating Scale. Conclusions: This casting simulation model and evaluation instrument is a reliable assessment of casting skill in applying a short arm cast. However, given the inability to stratify all three groups on the basis of the level of training, further work is needed to establish construct validity.
David C. Currow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is the life space assessment applicable to a palliative care population? Its relationship to Measures of Performance and quality of life
Journal of pain and symptom management, 2013Co-Authors: Jane Phillips, Meera Agar, Lawrence T. Lam, Tim Luckett, David C. CurrowAbstract:Abstract Context The spatial environments that palliative care patients frequent for business and leisure constrict as their disease progresses and their physical functioning deteriorates. Measuring a person's movement within his or her own environment is a clinically relevant and patient-centered outcome because it Measures function in a way that reflects actual and not theoretical participation. Objectives This exploratory study set out to test whether the Life-Space Assessment (LSA) would correlate with other commonly used palliative care outcome Measures of function and quality of life. Methods The baseline LSA, Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (AKPS), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 15-Palliative (EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL) scores from two large clinical trials were used to calculate correlation coefficients between the Measures. Convergent validity analysis was undertaken by comparing LSA scores between participants with higher (≥70) and lower (≤60) AKPS scores. Results The LSA was correlated significantly and positively with the AKPS, with a moderate correlation coefficient of 0.54 (P Conclusion The LSA appears applicable to palliative care populations given the convergent validity and capacity of this instrument to differentiate a person's ability to move through life-space zones by Performance status. Further research is required to validate and apply the LSA within community palliative care populations.
B M Bladon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the use of race winnings ratings and a Performance index to assess the effect of thermocautery of the soft palate for treatment of horses with suspected intermittent dorsal displacement a case control study in 110 racing thoroughbreds
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Richard Reardon, B S L Fraser, Jane Heller, C Lischer, T D H Parkin, B M BladonAbstract:Summary Reasons for performing the study: There have been no reports of the efficacy of thermocautery of the soft palate (TSP) assessed objectively as a treatment of intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP). Objective: To compare: racing Performance of horses that underwent thermocautery of the soft palate with matched controls; and ‘Racing Post ratings’ (RPR) with prize money won (RE) and a Performance index (PI) for each of the horses in the study. Hypothesis: Thermocautery of the soft palate has no beneficial effect on racing Performance and the 3 Measures of Performance are significantly related. Methods: The inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 110 horses and each was matched with 2 controls. Changes in Performance were compared statistically. RPR, RE and PI were analysed using a regression model. Results: The percentage of horses that improved in Performance following the procedure was 28–51% for the 3 Measures of Performance, compared to 21–53% for the matched controls. There was no significant effect of the procedure on the changes in RPR or RE. There was a significant effect of the procedure on the change in PI (P = 0.015) with more treated horses achieving an improved PI and fewer acquiring a worse PI than matched control horses. The Measures of Performance showed significant correlation. Conclusions: Thermocautery of the soft palate alone may not be the most efficacious treatment of DDSP. Potential relevance: Production of a reliable measure of racehorse Performance may be possible.
