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Frank S. Bates - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phase behavior of diblock copolymer homopolymer ternary blends congruent first order lamellar disorder transition
Macromolecules, 2016Co-Authors: Robert J Hickey, Timothy M Gillard, Matthew Irwin, David C Morse, Timothy P Lodge, Frank S. BatesAbstract:We have established the existence of a line of congruent first-order lamellar-to-disorder (LAM–DIS) transitions when appropriate amounts of poly(cyclohexylethylene) (C) and poly(ethylene) (E) homopolymers are mixed with a corresponding compositionally symmetric CE diblock copolymer. The line of congruent transitions, or the congruent isopleth, terminates at the bicontinuous microemulsion (BμE) channel, and its trajectory appears to be influenced by the critical composition of the C/E binary homopolymer blend. Blends satisfying congruency undergo a direct LAM–DIS transition without passing through a two-phase region. We present complementary optical transmission, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic Mechanical Spectroscopy (DMS) results that establish the phase behavior at constant copolymer volume fraction and varying C/E homopolymer volume ratios. Adjacent to the congruent composition at constant copolymer volume fraction, the lamellar and disordered ph...
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dodecagonal quasicrystalline morphology in a poly styrene b isoprene b styrene b ethylene oxide tetrablock terpolymer
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012Co-Authors: Jingwen Zhang, Frank S. BatesAbstract:A dodecagonal quasicrystalline (QC) morphology is identified in a poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (SISO) tetrablock terpolymer based on evidence provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering, and dynamic Mechanical Spectroscopy measurements. The QC state occurs at temperatures between those associated with simple hexagonal order (HEX) and the σ-phase (P42/mnm), THEX < TQC < Tσ < TODT, where TODT is the order–disorder transition temperature. All three morphologies are formed from spherical domains containing an O core surrounded by a shell of S that screens unfavorable segment–segment interactions with an I-rich matrix. TEM analysis reveals a QC morphology with 12-fold rotational symmetry but devoid of long-range translational order, along with locally coordinated structures consistent with dodecagonal quasicrystalline approximants. The SISO molecular architecture decouples control over the domain shape and interdomain interactions, leading to a multip...
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ordering of sphere forming siso tetrablock terpolymers on a simple hexagonal lattice
Macromolecules, 2012Co-Authors: Jingwen Zhang, Scott W Sides, Frank S. BatesAbstract:Hexagonally ordered spherical and cylindrical morphologies (P6/mmm and P6/mm space group symmetries) have been identified in bulk poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (SISO) tetrablock terpolymers. These materials were synthesized by adding up to 32% by volume O blocks to a parent hydroxy-terminated SIS triblock copolymer containing 40% S by volume, and the resulting morphologies were characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic Mechanical Spectroscopy. Disordered, spherical and cylindrical phases were documented with increasing O content, where both ordered states exhibit hexagonal symmetry. Theoretical calculations based on a numerical self-consistent field theory for polymers provide crucial insights into the molecular configurations associated with these morphologies. These results offer a new approach to independently control domain shape and packing in block copolymer melts through manipulation of the ma...
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comprehensive phase behavior of poly isoprene b styrene b ethylene oxide triblock copolymers
Macromolecules, 2007Co-Authors: Joon Chatterjee, Sumeet Jain, Frank S. BatesAbstract:The phase behavior of 44 poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (ISO) linear triblock copolymer melts was investigated at weak to intermediate segregation strengths and spanning a comprehensive range of compositions. Phases were characterized by a combination of experimental techniques, including small-angle X-ray scattering, dynamic Mechanical Spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and birefringence measurements. Combined with our previous results, six different stable ordered state symmetries have been identified: lamellae (LAM), Fddd orthorhombic network (O70), double gyroid (Q230), alternating gyroid (Q214), hexagonal (HEX), and body-centered cubic (BCC). The phase map of ISO specimens was found to be somewhat asymmetric around the fI = fO isopleth. This work provides a guide for theoretical studies and gives insight into the intricate effects of various parameters on the self-assembly of ABC triblock copolymers. Experimental SAXS data evaluated with a simple scattering intensity model sh...
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ordered network phases in linear poly isoprene b styrene b ethylene oxide triblock copolymers
Macromolecules, 2004Co-Authors: Thomas H Epps, Eric W Cochran, Travis S Bailey, Ryan S Waletzko, Cordell M Hardy, Frank S. BatesAbstract:The equilibrium phase behavior of 43 linear poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (ISO) triblock copolymer melts, with molecular weights that place these materials near the order−disorder transition, is reported. Ordered phase morphologies were characterized using small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic Mechanical Spectroscopy, and static birefringence measurements. Interpretation of these results was aided by a modeling technique that facilitates resolution of reciprocal and real-space experimental data, leading to definitive three-dimensional morphological structures. Three distinct multiply continuous network morphologies are identified across a range of compositions between 0.1 ≤ fO ≤ 0.3, situated between two-domain and three-domain lamellae, where fO represents the volume fraction of O blocks. Two cubic network phases, Q230 (core−shell double gyroid, Ia3d space group symmetry) and Q214 (alternating gyroid, I4132 space group symmetry), flank an orthorhombic networ...
J M Pelletier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamic Mechanical relaxation and thermal creep of high entropy la30ce30ni10al20co10 bulk metallic glass
Science China-physics Mechanics & Astronomy, 2021Co-Authors: Langting Zhang, Eloi Pineda, J M Pelletier, Daniel Crespo, Y J Duan, Yunjiang Wang, J C QiaoAbstract:Dynamic Mechanical relaxation is a fundamental tool to understand the Mechanical and physical properties of viscoelastic materials like glasses. Mechanical Spectroscopy shows that the high-entropy bulk metallic glass (La30Ce30Ni10Al20Co10) exhibits a distinct β-relaxation feature. In the present research, dynamic Mechanical analysis and thermal creep were performed using this bulk metallic glass material at a temperature domain around the β relaxation. The components of total strain, including ideal elastic strain, anelastic strain, and viscous-plastic strain, were analyzed based on the model of shear transformation zones (STZs). The stochastic activation of STZ contributes to the anelastic strain. When the temperature or external stress is high enough or the timescale is long enough, the interaction between STZs induces viscous-plastic strain. When all the spectrum of STZs is activated, the quasi-steady-state creep is achieved.
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experimental analysis to the structural relaxation of ti48zr20v12cu5be15 metallic glass matrix composite
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018Co-Authors: Guojian Lyu, J M Pelletier, Jichao Qiao, Min Song, Yao YaoAbstract:Abstract The Mechanical relaxation characteristics of in-situ Ti48Zr20V12Cu5Be15 metallic glass matrix composite with dendrites reinforced are investigated by using Mechanical Spectroscopy. An abnormal internal friction behavior below the glass transition temperature is detected. Considering the irreversible feature and based on the transmission electron microscopy analysis, the abnormal internal friction behavior is mainly induced by the precipitation of nanocrystals in the dendritic phase. In order to understand better the dynamic Mechanical properties of the Ti48Zr20V12Cu5Be15 metallic glass matrix composite, the kinetic characteristics of glass transition are analyzed in the framework of quasi-point defects theory. In addition, an isothermal annealing conducted at lower than the glass transition temperature induces a significant change on both modulus and loss factor, the kinetics of relaxation under annealing can be well described by the stretched exponential relaxation equation.
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characteristics of stress relaxation kinetics of la60ni15al25 bulk metallic glass
Acta Materialia, 2015Co-Authors: J C Qiao, J M Pelletier, Yunjiang Wang, Leon M Keer, M E FineAbstract:The 0 relaxation typically plays an important role in the plastic deformation of glassy materials. Compared with amorphous polymers, most of the metallic glasses do not show evident beta-relaxation based on Mechanical Spectroscopy. However, La60Ni15Al25 bulk metallic glass (BMG) exhibits a prominent beta relaxation process, which could be an ideal model alloy to investigate the correlation between the beta relaxation and Mechanical behavior of metallic glasses. In this work, compressive properties and stress relaxation at high temperature (below glass transition temperature T-g) were studied. Stress relaxation of La60Ni15Al25 BMG was measured by uniaxial compressive tests and Mechanical Spectroscopy around both a and beta relaxation temperature domain. At higher temperatures and sufficiently low strain rate, the flow behavior of the La50Ni15Al25 BMG could be simulated by a master curve, showing that the behavior is independent of temperature, especially on the proximity of the beta relaxation process. Because the existence of the beta relaxation, a high value of the activation volume for the plastic deformation could be ascribed to the existence of a specific atomic arrangement in the La(60)Nt(15)Al(25) BMG. It is found that compressive stress relaxation kinetics parameter remains temperature independent below T-g. (C) 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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contents lists available at sciencedirect
2015Co-Authors: Yunjiang Wang, J M Pelletier, Leon M Keer, M E Fine, Yao YaoAbstract:The b relaxation typically plays an important role in the plastic deformation of glassy materials. Compared with amorphous polymers, most of the metallic glasses do not show evident b relaxation based on Mechanical Spectroscopy. However, La60Ni15Al25 bulk metallic glass (BMG) exhibits a prominent b relaxation process, which could be an ideal model alloy to investigate the correlation between the b relaxation and Mechanical behavior of metallic glasses. In this work, compressive properties and stress relaxation at high temperature (below glass transition temperature Tg) were studied. Stress relaxation of La60Ni15Al25 BMG was measured by uniaxial compressive tests and Mechanical Spectroscopy around both a and b relaxation temperature domain. At higher temperatures and sufficiently low strain rate, the flow behavior of the La60Ni15Al25 BMG could be simulated by a master curve, showing that the behavior is independent of temperature, especially on the proximity of the b relaxation process. Because the existence of the b relaxation, a high value of the activation volume for the plastic deformation could be ascribed to the existence of a specific atomic arrangement in the La60Ni15Al25 BMG. It is found that compressive stress relaxation kinetics parameter remains temperature independent below Tg.
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effect of physical aging on johari goldstein relaxation in la based bulk metallic glass
Journal of Chemical Physics, 2014Co-Authors: J C Qiao, R Casalini, J M PelletierAbstract:The influence of physical aging on the β relaxation in La60Ni15Al25 bulk metallic glass has been investigated by Mechanical Spectroscopy. The amplitude of the β relaxation (ΔG″) decreases while its relaxation time (τβ) increases during aging. We find that, as in organic glasses, the changes of ln (τβ) and ln (ΔGmax ) are linearly correlated with ln (τβ) = b − a ln (G max ″). This behavior is discussed in term of the asymmetric double-well potential (ADWP) model, with U and Δ the energies characterizing the ADWP. It is suggested that during aging the ratio U/Δ remains approximately constant, with a value close to the coefficient describing the linear correlation between ln (τβ) and ln (G max ″)(U/Δ ∼ a). Moreover, the evolution versus aging time of ΔGmax can be described by a simple stretched exponential equation giving values of τaging consistent with tan(δ) measurements during aging. The very similar behavior of the β relaxation during aging in metallic glasses and organic material strongly suggests a c...
J C Qiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamic Mechanical relaxation and thermal creep of high entropy la30ce30ni10al20co10 bulk metallic glass
Science China-physics Mechanics & Astronomy, 2021Co-Authors: Langting Zhang, Eloi Pineda, J M Pelletier, Daniel Crespo, Y J Duan, Yunjiang Wang, J C QiaoAbstract:Dynamic Mechanical relaxation is a fundamental tool to understand the Mechanical and physical properties of viscoelastic materials like glasses. Mechanical Spectroscopy shows that the high-entropy bulk metallic glass (La30Ce30Ni10Al20Co10) exhibits a distinct β-relaxation feature. In the present research, dynamic Mechanical analysis and thermal creep were performed using this bulk metallic glass material at a temperature domain around the β relaxation. The components of total strain, including ideal elastic strain, anelastic strain, and viscous-plastic strain, were analyzed based on the model of shear transformation zones (STZs). The stochastic activation of STZ contributes to the anelastic strain. When the temperature or external stress is high enough or the timescale is long enough, the interaction between STZs induces viscous-plastic strain. When all the spectrum of STZs is activated, the quasi-steady-state creep is achieved.
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characteristics of stress relaxation kinetics of la60ni15al25 bulk metallic glass
Acta Materialia, 2015Co-Authors: J C Qiao, J M Pelletier, Yunjiang Wang, Leon M Keer, M E FineAbstract:The 0 relaxation typically plays an important role in the plastic deformation of glassy materials. Compared with amorphous polymers, most of the metallic glasses do not show evident beta-relaxation based on Mechanical Spectroscopy. However, La60Ni15Al25 bulk metallic glass (BMG) exhibits a prominent beta relaxation process, which could be an ideal model alloy to investigate the correlation between the beta relaxation and Mechanical behavior of metallic glasses. In this work, compressive properties and stress relaxation at high temperature (below glass transition temperature T-g) were studied. Stress relaxation of La60Ni15Al25 BMG was measured by uniaxial compressive tests and Mechanical Spectroscopy around both a and beta relaxation temperature domain. At higher temperatures and sufficiently low strain rate, the flow behavior of the La50Ni15Al25 BMG could be simulated by a master curve, showing that the behavior is independent of temperature, especially on the proximity of the beta relaxation process. Because the existence of the beta relaxation, a high value of the activation volume for the plastic deformation could be ascribed to the existence of a specific atomic arrangement in the La(60)Nt(15)Al(25) BMG. It is found that compressive stress relaxation kinetics parameter remains temperature independent below T-g. (C) 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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effect of physical aging on johari goldstein relaxation in la based bulk metallic glass
Journal of Chemical Physics, 2014Co-Authors: J C Qiao, R Casalini, J M PelletierAbstract:The influence of physical aging on the β relaxation in La60Ni15Al25 bulk metallic glass has been investigated by Mechanical Spectroscopy. The amplitude of the β relaxation (ΔG″) decreases while its relaxation time (τβ) increases during aging. We find that, as in organic glasses, the changes of ln (τβ) and ln (ΔGmax ) are linearly correlated with ln (τβ) = b − a ln (G max ″). This behavior is discussed in term of the asymmetric double-well potential (ADWP) model, with U and Δ the energies characterizing the ADWP. It is suggested that during aging the ratio U/Δ remains approximately constant, with a value close to the coefficient describing the linear correlation between ln (τβ) and ln (G max ″)(U/Δ ∼ a). Moreover, the evolution versus aging time of ΔGmax can be described by a simple stretched exponential equation giving values of τaging consistent with tan(δ) measurements during aging. The very similar behavior of the β relaxation during aging in metallic glasses and organic material strongly suggests a c...
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characteristics of the structural and johari goldstein relaxations in pd based metallic glass forming liquids
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2014Co-Authors: J C Qiao, R Casalini, J M Pelletier, Hidemi KatoAbstract:The dynamics of Pd-based metallic glass-forming liquids (Pd40Ni10Cu30P20, Pd42.5Ni7.5Cu30P20, Pd40Ni40P20, and Pd30Ni50P20) was studied by Mechanical Spectroscopy and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). We found that the change in composition has a significant effect on the α relaxation dynamics; the largest difference corresponds to an increase of the glass transition temperature Tg of ∼15 K, for materials in which 30% Ni was substituted by 30% Cu (i.e., from Pd40Ni40P20 to Pd40Ni10Cu30P20). We also found that all Pd-based metallic glasses have very similar fragilities, 59 < m < 67, and Kohlrausch stretched exponents, 0.59 < βKWW < 0.60. It is interesting that the values of m and βKWW correlate well with the general relation proposed by Bohmer et al. for nonmetallic glass formers (Bohmer, R.; et al. J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 99, 4201–4209), which for the observed βKWW values predicts 58 < m < 61. From a linear deconvolution of the α and β relaxations, we find that the substitution of the Ni wi...
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relaxation of bulk metallic glasses studied by Mechanical Spectroscopy
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2013Co-Authors: J C Qiao, J M Pelletier, R CasaliniAbstract:The relaxational dynamics in metallic glasses (MGs) is investigated by using Mechanical Spectroscopy. The spectra show that in MGs there are two relaxations: (i) the α relaxation, linked to the glass transition, as observed in other classes of amorphous materials; and (ii) the β relaxation, well observed below the glass transition, with an intensity strongly dependent on the MG composition, the nature of which has been linked to the local microstructure of MGs. For the investigated MGs we find that the intensity and relaxation time of the β relaxation depends, in a reproducible fashion, on the thermal history of the samples. During aging experiments, the intensity decreases (as well as the τβ) with a time dependence described well by a stretched exponential, with an exponent β(aging) independent of the driving frequency. Moreover, we find that the activation energy Uβ and the peak temperature Tβp of the β relaxation follow the approximate relationship: Uβ ≈ 31.5RTβp (for driving frequency 1 Hz), indicating that the high temperature limit of the peak frequency is approximately the same for all the MGs investigated. Finally, the frequency separation of the α and β processes in the Mechanical loss spectra for La-and Pd-based metallic glasses is tested against the prediction of the Coupling Model.
R Schaller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of the orientation of the basal plane on the Mechanical loss in magnesium matrix composites studied by Mechanical Spectroscopy
Acta Materialia, 2010Co-Authors: A S M F Chowdhury, D Mari, R SchallerAbstract:In metal matrix composites, thermal stresses are relaxed by either interface debonding, crack propagation or dislocation motion. The present paper shows that in the case of a magnesium matrix, interface thermal stresses are relaxed by dislocation motion in the basal plane (0 0 1) of the hexagonal structure. Different specimens were processed by a gas pressure infiltration method and the metallic matrix was oriented with respect to the interface by the Bridgman technique. Mechanical Spectroscopy experiments show that the damping as well as the evolution of the relative shear modulus depend strongly on the orientation of the basal plane. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical model. The calculations show that the orientation of the glide plane influences the coupling between the thermal stress and the applied Mechanical stress.
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influence of carbon nanotubes and silicon carbide whiskers on the Mechanical loss due to grain boundary sliding in 3 mol yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2006Co-Authors: C Ionascu, R SchallerAbstract:High-temperature Mechanical Spectroscopy was performed in pure 3Y-TZP, i.e. 3-mol% yttria-stabilized polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia, in 3Y-TZP doped with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and in 3Y-TZP doped with silicon carbide whiskers. Silicon carbide doping results in an increase in the high-temperature Mechanical loss with respect to pure 3Y-TZP, with appearance of a relaxation peak. On the contrary, doping with carbon nanotubes leads to a decrease in the Mechanical loss with respect to pure in 3Y-TZP. As high-temperature Mechanical loss in 3Y-TZP has been interpreted as due grain boundary sliding, it appears that doping with nano-sized objects may affect the sliding process.
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anelasticity of fe3al intermetallic compounds
Scripta Materialia, 2004Co-Authors: I S Golovin, S B Golovina, Alexander Strahl, H Neuhauser, T S Pavlova, S A Golovin, R SchallerAbstract:Temperature dependent internal friction (TDIF) spectra in Fe–(25–26)at.%Al alloys were studied using different Mechanical Spectroscopy techniques in a wide range of vibrating frequencies from 0.1 Hz to 1 kHz. Four relaxation peaks are observed (D, S, X, Z peaks), at least two of them (D, X) have not been reported earlier in Fe3Al intermetallic compounds. The nature of these peaks is discussed. Special emphasis is put in this paper on the instability of the Fe–Al structure with respect to heating during TDIF measurements.
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Mechanical stress relaxation in magnesium based composites
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2002Co-Authors: C Mayencourt, R SchallerAbstract:Abstract In metal matrix composites (MMCs), the metal matrix is exposed to plastic deformation and damage accumulation in the region close to the reinforcements, following Mechanical or thermal stresses. Mechanical Spectroscopy has been used to study interface stress–relaxation in Mg–2%Si based MMC reinforced with either C aligned long fibers or Al 2 O 3 short fibers. In the Al 2 O 3 /Mg–2%Si composite, the damping capacity is low; the Mechanical stresses are relaxed by damage accumulation at interfaces. The elastic shear modulus decreases until rupture, when the composite is cycled at high vibration amplitude. On the contrary, the damping capacity is high in the C/Mg–2%Si composite and the interface stresses are relaxed by reversible motion of dislocations in the matrix, leading to a strong increase in fatigue resistance.
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Mechanical Spectroscopy of thermal stress relaxation at metal ceramic interfaces in aluminium based composites
Acta Materialia, 2000Co-Authors: E Carrenomorelli, S E Urreta, R SchallerAbstract:Abstract The micromechanisms of thermal stress relaxation in aluminum-based metal-matrix composites (MMCs) have been investigated by Mechanical loss and dynamic shear modulus measurements during thermal cycling between 100 and 500 K. A transient Mechanical loss maximum, which is absent in the monolithic material, appears during cooling. This damping maximum is strongly dependent on the measurement parameters: oscillation frequency, oscillation amplitude and cooling rate. In addition, it increases with the volumetric reinforcement content and decreases if the matrix strength is improved. The shear modulus evolution during thermal cycling shows that no detectable interfacial debonding occurs. Compared with alloyed MMCs, Al4N-based MMCs show the highest damping maximum simultaneously with a plateau in the elastic shear modulus. The Mechanical loss maximum is attributed to dislocation generation and motion near the interfaces, resulting from the differential thermal contraction of matrix and reinforcement. A new model is proposed which describes this specific Mechanical behavior of MMCs in terms of the development of microplastic zones in the matrix near the metal–ceramic interfaces.
Gareth H Mckinley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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time resolved Mechanical Spectroscopy of soft materials via optimally windowed chirps
Physical Review Letters, 2018Co-Authors: Michela Geri, Bavand Keshavarz, Thibaut Divoux, Christian Clasen, D J Curtis, Gareth H MckinleyAbstract:The ability to measure the bulk dynamic behavior of soft materials with combined time- and frequency-resolution is instrumental for improving our fundamental understanding of connections between the microstructural dynamics and the macroscopic Mechanical response. Current state-of-the-art techniques are often limited by a compromise between resolution in the time and frequency domain, mainly due to the use of elementary input signals that have not been designed for fast time-evolving systems such as materials undergoing gelation, curing or self-healing. In this work, we develop an optimized and robust excitation signal for time-resolved Mechanical Spectroscopy through the introduction of joint frequency- and amplitude-modulated exponential chirps. Inspired by the biosonar signals of bats and dolphins, we optimize the signal profile to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio while minimizing spectral leakage with a carefully-designed modulation of the envelope of the chirp. A combined experimental and numerical investigation reveals that there exists an optimal range of window profiles that minimizes the error with respect to standard single frequency sweep methods. The minimum error is set by the noise floor of the instrument, suggesting that the accuracy of an optimally windowed chirp signal is directly comparable to that achievable with a standard frequency sweep, while the acquisition time can be reduced by up to two orders of magnitude, for comparable spectral content. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of this optimized signal to provide time- and frequency-resolved rheometric data by studying the fast gelation process of an acid-induced protein gel. The use of optimally windowed chirps enables a robust rheological characterization of a wide range of soft materials undergoing rapid mutation and has the potential to become an invaluable tool for researchers across different disciplines.
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time resolved Mechanical Spectroscopy of soft materials via optimally windowed chirps
Physical Review X, 2018Co-Authors: Michela Geri, Bavand Keshavarz, Thibaut Divoux, Christian Clasen, D J Curtis, Gareth H MckinleyAbstract:New experiments show that the use of chirps inspired by biological sonar can probe the Mechanical properties of rapidly changing soft materials with unprecedented resolution in a fraction of the time as standard techniques.