The Experts below are selected from a list of 279321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Noushine Shahidzadeh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Drying of Salt Solutions from Porous Media: Effect of Surfactants
Transport in Porous Media, 2019Co-Authors: Mohsin J. Qazi, Daniel Bonn, Noushine ShahidzadehAbstract:The evaporation of salt (NaCl) solutions from porous Media is studied in the presence of surfactants, because surfactants are often used as cleaning agents for salt-contaminated stones. We show that, contrary to what is commonly assumed, the presence of the surfactant and the changed wetting properties do not affect the drying kinetics: The impact of the surfactants is rather that of a crystallization modifier for the salt. Upon adding a cationic or nonionic surfactant to salt solution, the drying rate is unchanged initially, but can slow down dramatically at later times due to the formation of a salt crust at the surface. When this happens, the total drying time increases compared to pure NaCl solutions without surfactants, at least for very porous stones for which the pores become completely blocked. Surprisingly, for a low-porosity stone the small pores at the surface remain open. The longer drying time for the large porosity stone increases the risk of, e.g., frost or fungal damage to the stones. Consequently, the use of surfactants in conservation treatments should be done with caution.
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drying of salt contaminated porous Media Effect of primary and secondary nucleation
Journal of Applied Physics, 2015Co-Authors: Julie Desarnaud, Stefano Miranda, Luisa Molari, Hannelore Derluyn, Veerle Cnudde, Noushine ShahidzadehAbstract:The drying of porous Media is of major importance for civil engineering, geophysics, petrophysics, and the conservation of stone artworks and buildings. More often than not, stones contain salts that can be mobilized by water (e.g., rain) and crystallize during drying. The drying speed is strongly influenced by the crystallization of the salts, but its dynamics remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that the mechanisms of salt precipitation, specifically the primary or secondary nucleation, and the crystal growth are the key factors that determine the drying behaviour of salt contaminated porous materials and the physical weathering generated by salt crystallization. When the same amount of water is used to dissolve the salt present in a stone, depending on whether this is done by a rapid saturation with liquid water or by a slow saturation using water vapor, different evaporation kinetics and salt weathering due to different crystallization pathways are observed.
E S Boek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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micro computed tomography pore scale study of flow in porous Media Effect of voxel resolution
Advances in Water Resources, 2016Co-Authors: S M Shah, F Gray, John P Crawshaw, E S BoekAbstract:Abstract A fundamental understanding of flow in porous Media at the pore-scale is necessary to be able to upscale average displacement processes from core to reservoir scale. The study of fluid flow in porous Media at the pore-scale consists of two key procedures: Imaging - reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) pore space images; and modelling such as with single and two-phase flow simulations with Lattice-Boltzmann (LB) or Pore-Network (PN) Modelling. Here we analyse pore-scale results to predict petrophysical properties such as porosity, single-phase permeability and multi-phase properties at different length scales. The fundamental issue is to understand the image resolution dependency of transport properties, in order to up-scale the flow physics from pore to core scale. In this work, we use a high resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanner to image and reconstruct three dimensional pore-scale images of five sandstones (Bentheimer, Berea, Clashach, Doddington and Stainton) and five complex carbonates (Ketton, Estaillades, Middle Eastern sample 3, Middle Eastern sample 5 and Indiana Limestone 1) at four different voxel resolutions (4.4 µm, 6.2 µm, 8.3 µm and 10.2 µm), scanning the same physical field of view. Implementing three phase segmentation (macro-pore phase, interMediate phase and grain phase) on pore-scale images helps to understand the importance of connected macro-porosity in the fluid flow for the samples studied. We then compute the petrophysical properties for all the samples using PN and LB simulations in order to study the influence of voxel resolution on petrophysical properties. We then introduce a numerical coarsening scheme which is used to coarsen a high voxel resolution image (4.4 µm) to lower resolutions (6.2 µm, 8.3 µm and 10.2 µm) and study the impact of coarsening data on macroscopic and multi-phase properties. Numerical coarsening of high resolution data is found to be superior to using a lower resolution scan because it avoids the problem of partial volume Effects and reduces the scaling Effect by preserving the pore-space properties influencing the transport properties. This is evidently compared in this study by predicting several pore network properties such as number of pores and throats, average pore and throat radius and coordination number for both scan based analysis and numerical coarsened data.
Julie Desarnaud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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drying of salt contaminated porous Media Effect of primary and secondary nucleation
Journal of Applied Physics, 2015Co-Authors: Julie Desarnaud, Stefano Miranda, Luisa Molari, Hannelore Derluyn, Veerle Cnudde, Noushine ShahidzadehAbstract:The drying of porous Media is of major importance for civil engineering, geophysics, petrophysics, and the conservation of stone artworks and buildings. More often than not, stones contain salts that can be mobilized by water (e.g., rain) and crystallize during drying. The drying speed is strongly influenced by the crystallization of the salts, but its dynamics remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that the mechanisms of salt precipitation, specifically the primary or secondary nucleation, and the crystal growth are the key factors that determine the drying behaviour of salt contaminated porous materials and the physical weathering generated by salt crystallization. When the same amount of water is used to dissolve the salt present in a stone, depending on whether this is done by a rapid saturation with liquid water or by a slow saturation using water vapor, different evaporation kinetics and salt weathering due to different crystallization pathways are observed.
Isabelle Capron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Non thermal plasma in liquid Media: Effect on inulin depolymerization and functionalization
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020Co-Authors: Raluca Nastase, Elodie Fourre, Mathieu Fanuel, Xavier Falourd, Isabelle CapronAbstract:We report the complete conversion of inulin in gas/liquid Media by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure. Depending on the plasma treatment time (from 1 to 30 min) and the chemical nature of the gases (air, oxygen, nitrogen), it was possible to depolymerize inulin into fructo-oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization under 5 or to achieve a total conversion of inulin into its two monomeric constituents, fructose and glucose in 20 min, without any degradation products. Combined results from liquid chromatography (HPLC), solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR) and mass spectroscopy revealed that the breakage of the beta 1-4-bridged oxygen occurs by an acidic attack, following the oxidation of the polymer. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the oxidation and breakage of the polymer and also adsorption of nitrate species. Non thermal plasma treatment appears as a promising technology for the efficient production of mono and oligosaccharides from various sources for the added value molecules in food and pharmaceutical application domains.
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Non thermal plasma in liquid Media: Effect on inulin depolymerization and functionalization.
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020Co-Authors: Raluca Nastase, Elodie Fourre, Mathieu Fanuel, Xavier Falourd, Isabelle CapronAbstract:We report the complete conversion of inulin in gas/liquid Media by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure. Depending on the plasma treatment time (from 1 to 30 min) and the chemical nature of the gases (air, oxygen, nitrogen), it was possible to depolymerize inulin into fructo-oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization under 5 or to achieve a total conversion of inulin into its two monomeric constituents, fructose and glucose in 20 min, without any degradation products. Combined results from liquid chromatography (HPLC), solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR) and mass spectroscopy revealed that the breakage of the β 1-4-bridged oxygen occurs by an acidic attack, following the oxidation of the polymer. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the oxidation and breakage of the polymer and also adsorption of nitrate species. Non thermal plasma treatment appears as a promising technology for the efficient production of mono and oligosaccharides from various sources for the added value molecules in food and pharmaceutical application domains.
S M Shah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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micro computed tomography pore scale study of flow in porous Media Effect of voxel resolution
Advances in Water Resources, 2016Co-Authors: S M Shah, F Gray, John P Crawshaw, E S BoekAbstract:Abstract A fundamental understanding of flow in porous Media at the pore-scale is necessary to be able to upscale average displacement processes from core to reservoir scale. The study of fluid flow in porous Media at the pore-scale consists of two key procedures: Imaging - reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) pore space images; and modelling such as with single and two-phase flow simulations with Lattice-Boltzmann (LB) or Pore-Network (PN) Modelling. Here we analyse pore-scale results to predict petrophysical properties such as porosity, single-phase permeability and multi-phase properties at different length scales. The fundamental issue is to understand the image resolution dependency of transport properties, in order to up-scale the flow physics from pore to core scale. In this work, we use a high resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanner to image and reconstruct three dimensional pore-scale images of five sandstones (Bentheimer, Berea, Clashach, Doddington and Stainton) and five complex carbonates (Ketton, Estaillades, Middle Eastern sample 3, Middle Eastern sample 5 and Indiana Limestone 1) at four different voxel resolutions (4.4 µm, 6.2 µm, 8.3 µm and 10.2 µm), scanning the same physical field of view. Implementing three phase segmentation (macro-pore phase, interMediate phase and grain phase) on pore-scale images helps to understand the importance of connected macro-porosity in the fluid flow for the samples studied. We then compute the petrophysical properties for all the samples using PN and LB simulations in order to study the influence of voxel resolution on petrophysical properties. We then introduce a numerical coarsening scheme which is used to coarsen a high voxel resolution image (4.4 µm) to lower resolutions (6.2 µm, 8.3 µm and 10.2 µm) and study the impact of coarsening data on macroscopic and multi-phase properties. Numerical coarsening of high resolution data is found to be superior to using a lower resolution scan because it avoids the problem of partial volume Effects and reduces the scaling Effect by preserving the pore-space properties influencing the transport properties. This is evidently compared in this study by predicting several pore network properties such as number of pores and throats, average pore and throat radius and coordination number for both scan based analysis and numerical coarsened data.