The Experts below are selected from a list of 6524004 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Peter Conrad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Medicalization changing contours characteristics and contexts
    2013
    Co-Authors: Peter Conrad
    Abstract:

    Medicalization has become a central analytical theme in medical sociology, a topic in medical sociology courses and the subject of hundreds if not thousands of articles (Conrad P (2007) The Medicalization of society: on the transformation of human condition into treatable disorders. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore; Ballard K, Elston MA (2005) Medicalisation: a multi-dimensional concept. Soc Theory Heal 3:228–241; Clarke et al. 2010). Other scholars, including historians (Nye RA (2003) The evolution of the concept of Medicalization in the late twentieth century. J Hist Behavioral Sci 39:115–129), anthropologists (Lock M (2001, Press 2006) Medicalization: cultural concerns. In: Smelser N, Baltes P (eds) International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences. Elsevier, New York), medical and public health researchers (Metzl JM, Herzig RM (2007) Medicalisation in the 21st century: an introduction. Lancet 369:697–698; Maloney 2011; Lantz et al. (2007) Health policy approaches to population health: the limits of Medicalization. Health Affairs 26:1253–1257), economists (Thorpe KE, Philwaw M (2012) The Medicalization of chronic disease and costs. Ann Rev Public Heal 23:409–423), bioethicists (Parens E (2011) On good and bad forms of Medicalization. Bioethics doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01885.x), and even literary scholars (Lane C (2007) Shyness: how normal behavior became a sickness. Yale University Press, New Haven) have also examined Medicalization. Medicalization has been the subject of newspaper and magazine commentaries (e.g. Welch 2011) and discussion at (President’s Council on Bioethics (2003) Beyond therapy: biotechnology and the pursuit of happiness. The President’s Council on Bioethics, Washington). It seems clear that Medicalization has become a topic of interest beyond sociology. Within medical sociology it is a concept that has moved from the periphery of intellectual interest in the 1970s to a central area of interest in the twenty-first century.

  • the Medicalization of mental disorder
    2013
    Co-Authors: Peter Conrad, Caitlin Slodden
    Abstract:

    Medicalization occurs when previously nonmedical problems become defined and treated as medical problems, usually in terms of an illness or disorder. After setting the historical context for how certain forms of deviant behavior became defined and treated as medical and psychiatric problems, we examine three more recent instances of Medicalization. First is the growth of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from a children’s disorder to a lifespan disorder, which highlights Medicalization through the expansion of an existing medical category. Second, we discuss the emergence of social anxiety disorder (SAD) as a common diagnosis, focusing on how a pharmaceutical company initially marketed shyness and social anxiety as a disorder and then advertised Paxil as its preferred treatment. Third, we consider the debate about whether to remove the bereavement exclusion from the diagnostic criteria for depression in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, V (DSM-V), which would make normal grief a basis for psychiatric diagnosis and treatment.

  • estimating the costs of Medicalization
    Social Science & Medicine, 2010
    Co-Authors: Peter Conrad, Thomas I Mackie, Ateev Mehrotra
    Abstract:

    Medicalization is the process by which non-medical problems become defined and treated as medical problems, usually as illnesses or disorders. There has been growing concern with the possibility that Medicalization is driving increased health care costs. In this paper we estimate the medical spending in the U.S. of identified medicalized conditions at approximately $77 billion in 2005, 3.9% of total domestic expenditures on health care. This estimate is based on the direct costs associated with twelve medicalized conditions. Although due to data limitations this estimate does not include all medicalized conditions, it can inform future debates about health care spending and Medicalization.

  • the shifting engines of Medicalization
    The Shifting Engines of Medicalization, 2009
    Co-Authors: Peter Conrad
    Abstract:

    The Shifting Engines of Medicalization - Social scientists and other analysts have written about Medicalization since at least the 1970s. While early critics of Medicalization focused on psychiatry (Szasz, 1970) or a more general notion of medical imperialism (Illich, 1975), sociologists began to examine the processes of Medicalization and the expanding realm of medicine (Freidson, 1970; Zola, 1972). As sociological studies on Medicalization accumulated (see Conrad, 1992; 2000) it became clear that Medicalization went far beyond psychiatry and was not always the product of medical imperialism, but of more complex social forces. The essence of Medicalization became the definitional issue: defining a problem in medical terms, usually as an illness or disorder, or using a medical intervention to treat it. While the Medicalization process could be bidirectional and partial rather than complete, there is strong evidence for expansion rather than contraction of medical jurisdiction. Keywords: consumerism, managed care, Medicalization, medicine, ADHD, sociology of health. Parole chiave: consumerismo, managed care, medicalizzazione, medicina, ADHD, sociologia della salute.

  • the Medicalization of society
    2008
    Co-Authors: Peter Conrad
    Abstract:

    Over the past century an increasing number of human problems have come into the jurisdiction of the medical profession. This process has been termed the Medicalization of society. We will examine core theoretical and empirical texts that examine this issue, especially the origins and consequences of Medicalization. While we will read books and articles from several disciplines, the approach to this course remains ultimately sociological. This course will be organized as a seminar. Students are expected to have completed the readings and be ready to discuss them for each class. The class will be divided into two groups, and members of each group will be required to submit a 4 to 5 page reaction paper based on the readings every other week (for a total of five such papers). In addition, each student will research an aspect or case of Medicalization, which will be presented to the class and handed in as a formal paper at the end of the term. In terms of grading, the following formula will be used: the reaction papers will count 30%, the presentation and class participation 20%, and the final paper 50%.

Gerald S. Berke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Erin L Murphy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • giving sex deconstructing intersex and trans Medicalization practices
    Gender & Society, 2016
    Co-Authors: Georgiann Davis, Jodie M Dewey, Erin L Murphy
    Abstract:

    Although medical providers rely on similar tools to “treat” intersex and trans individuals, their enactment of Medicalization practices varies. To deconstruct these complexities, we employ a comparative analysis of providers who specialize in intersex and trans medicine. While both sets of providers tend to hold essentialist ideologies about sex, gender, and sexuality, we argue they medicalize intersex and trans embodiments in different ways. Providers for intersex people are inclined to approach intersex as an emergency that necessitates medical attention, whereas providers for trans people attempt to slow down their patients’ urgent requests for transitioning services. Building on conceptualizations of “giving gender,” we contend both sets of providers “give gender” by “giving sex.” In both cases too, providers shift their own responsibility for their Medicalization practices onto others: parents in the case of intersex, or adult recipients of care in the case of trans. According to the accounts of most...

Steven M Zeitels - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • early versus late injection medialization for unilateral vocal cord paralysis
    Laryngoscope, 2010
    Co-Authors: Aaron D Friedman, James T Heaton, James A Burns, Steven M Zeitels
    Abstract:

    Objectives: To evaluate whether the timing of early (≤6 months from time of nerve injury) vs. late (>6 months) injection medialization laryngoplasty impacts the need for subsequent open-neck reconstruction to restore vocal function in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: A total of 112 outpatient or hospitalized adults with dysphonia resulting from postsurgical or idiopathic unilateral vocal cord paralysis were identified who were injected as initial treatment within 1 year of onset of their paralysis. All subjects underwent awake, transoral, paraglottic injection with absorbable hyaluronic-acid gel. Patients with documented recovery of vocal cord mobility (22), active disease directly affecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve (8), 6 months postparalysis) avoided phonosurgical reconstruction (P=.03, χ 2 test). Conclusions: Patients receiving early injection medialization for vocal cord paralysis were less likely to require transcervical reconstruction. We believe that early medialization creates a more favorable vocal cord position for phonation that can be maintained by synkinetic reinnervation, in contrast to the final position of a lateralized vocal cord being determined solely by reinnervation.

Sina Nasri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.