The Experts below are selected from a list of 72597 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jorge Alberto Martins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Role of Medium-Sized Cities for Global Tropospheric Ozone Levels
Energy Procedia, 2016Co-Authors: Leila D. Martins, Lourenço H. B. Vidotto, Daniela S. De Ameida, Rafaela Squizatto, Camila A.b. Moreira, Mauricio N. Capucim, Jorge Alberto MartinsAbstract:Abstract Brazilian Medium-Sized cities are those showing highest growing rates in the last decades, above 3% annually. To call attention to the consequences of such strong urban growth on air quality, measurements of ozone concentrations were comparatively performed in Londrina (a growing Medium-Sized City), Curitiba (a big City) and Sao Paulo (a megaCity). Particularly to the cities of Londrina and Sao Paulo, both are located at similar latitude (–23.5). Surprisingly, the findings of this study indicated that, there are periods of the year in which the average ozone concentration measured in Londrina can be even higher than those found in large urban areas like Sao Paulo. The average ozone concentrations at three medium cities are close to those found in Sao Paulo. It is suggested that the local meteorological conditions (temperature, cloud cover, relative humidity and wind speed), as well as the local chemical regime, could explain the differences in the observed ozone concentrations. As the number of Medium-Sized urban areas is increasing around the world, especially in South America, special attention should be given by policy makers when defining new air quality monitoring networks and the regulation of new areas planned for the purpose of industrial development.
C Borrego - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of land use on urban mobility patterns emissions and air quality in a portuguese medium sized City
Science of The Total Environment, 2011Co-Authors: Jorge M Bandeira, Margarida C Coelho, Richard Tavares, C BorregoAbstract:The main objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of urban development trends in mobility patterns of a medium sized Portuguese City and air quality consequences, using a sequential modeling process, comprising i) land use and transportation, TRANUS model; ii) road traffic air pollutants emissions, TREM model and; iii) air quality, TAPM model. This integrated methodology was applied to a medium sized Portuguese City. In order to evaluate the implementation of the methodology, a preliminary study was performed, which consisted on the comparison of modeled mobility patterns and CO and PM(10) concentrations with measured data used in the definition of the current scenario. The comparison between modeled and monitored mobility patterns at the morning peak hour for a weekday showed an RMSE of 31%. Regarding CO concentrations, an underestimation of the modeled results was observed. Nevertheless, the modeled PM(10) concentrations were consistent with the monitored data. Overall, the results showed a reasonable consistency of the modeled data, which allowed the use of the integrated modeling system for the study scenarios. The future scenarios consisted on the definition of different mobility patterns and vehicle technology characteristics, according to two main developing trends: (1) "car pooling" scenario, which imposes a mean occupancy rate of 3 passengers by vehicle and (2) the "Euro 6" scenario, which establishes that all vehicles accomplish at least the Euro 6 standard technology. Reductions of 54% and 83% for CO, 44% and 95% for PM(10), 44% and 87% for VOC and 44% and 79% for NO(x) emissions were observed in scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. Concerning air quality, a reduction of about 100 μg m(-3) of CO annual average concentration was observed in both scenarios. The results of PM(10) annual concentrations showed a reduction of 1.35 μg m(-3) and 2.7 μg m(-3) for scenarios 1 and 2 respectively.
Hartmut Frank - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perfluorooctane surfactants in waste waters the major source of river pollution
Chemosphere, 2008Co-Authors: Anna Maria Becker, Silke Gerstmann, Hartmut FrankAbstract:Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent and widely distributed in the environment. Recently, the discharge of municipal waste water has been shown to be an important route of such perfluoroalkyl surfactants into the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to assess the mass flow of PFOA and PFOS from typical waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) into surface waters. Samples were collected at different stages of treatment of four WWTPs in Northern Bavaria, Germany, and from the rivers receiving the treated waste waters (WW). The outflow of PFOA from the WWTPs to the rivers was 20-fold higher than the inflow to the plants; about a tenth was removed with the sludge. For PFOS, the increase from inlet to outlet was about 3-fold; almost half of it was retained in the sludge. Both surfactants were released into river water from the WWTP of a Medium-Sized City with domestic, industrial and commercial waste waters; in domestic waste waters the surfactants were found at much lower levels.
Leila D. Martins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Role of Medium-Sized Cities for Global Tropospheric Ozone Levels
Energy Procedia, 2016Co-Authors: Leila D. Martins, Lourenço H. B. Vidotto, Daniela S. De Ameida, Rafaela Squizatto, Camila A.b. Moreira, Mauricio N. Capucim, Jorge Alberto MartinsAbstract:Abstract Brazilian Medium-Sized cities are those showing highest growing rates in the last decades, above 3% annually. To call attention to the consequences of such strong urban growth on air quality, measurements of ozone concentrations were comparatively performed in Londrina (a growing Medium-Sized City), Curitiba (a big City) and Sao Paulo (a megaCity). Particularly to the cities of Londrina and Sao Paulo, both are located at similar latitude (–23.5). Surprisingly, the findings of this study indicated that, there are periods of the year in which the average ozone concentration measured in Londrina can be even higher than those found in large urban areas like Sao Paulo. The average ozone concentrations at three medium cities are close to those found in Sao Paulo. It is suggested that the local meteorological conditions (temperature, cloud cover, relative humidity and wind speed), as well as the local chemical regime, could explain the differences in the observed ozone concentrations. As the number of Medium-Sized urban areas is increasing around the world, especially in South America, special attention should be given by policy makers when defining new air quality monitoring networks and the regulation of new areas planned for the purpose of industrial development.
Pilar Rivera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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urban waste recycling behavior antecedents of participation in a selective collection program
Environmental Management, 2002Co-Authors: Conchita Garces, Alberto Lafuente, Marta Pedraja, Pilar RiveraAbstract:The aim of this study is to analyze the antecedents of urban waste recycling behavior. To achieve this goal, a concrete urban waste management program was chosen. The study focuses on the Selective Collection Program (SCP) in Zaragoza, a Medium-Sized City in northeastern Spain. The research starts with a conceptual model in which the variables that potentially affect recycling behavior can be classified into two groups: incentives and barriers. Moreover, the sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals are included in our study. Given that the proposed model requires specification of latent variables or constructs, the analysis is based on the Structural Equation Models (SEM) methodology. The results revealed that environmental awareness, knowledge of the environmental impact of urban waste, and the positive perception of management by local government exercise a positive effect on individual recycling behavior, while perceived personal difficulties (space and time availability) and distance to and from the container have a negative effect. As regards sociodemographic variables, this study found that annual family income sustains a negative relationship with recycling behavior, while age maintains a positive one. The results obtained clearly show the important role that the public authorities play, especially municipal governments, in achieving the waste recycling objectives established in accordance with international legislation.