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Nicole M. Nemeth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lymphoproliferative Disease Virus in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) from Manitoba and Quebec, Canada.
Avian diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Amanda M. Macdonald, John R. Barta, Michelle M. Mckay, Stéphane Lair, Rozenn Le Net, Frank Baldwin, Neil Pople, Nicole M. NemethAbstract:This study describes the first recognized clinical case of lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) in Canada and extends the range of LPDV in Canada through its detection in Manitoba and Quebec. We assessed the prevalence of LPDV in eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) with the use of whole, clotted blood from live birds in Manitoba (n = 65) and tissue samples collected postmortem in Quebec (n = 4). We tested for LPDV proviral DNA through PCR amplification and sequencing of a portion of the gag (p31) gene. Samples were also tested for reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) by PCR. Twenty-four birds (34.8%) were positive for LPDV, including all diagnostic cases. One bird (1.4%) from Quebec had gross and microscopic lesions consistent with LPDV. Two turkeys (2.9%) were REV positive, one (1.4%) of which was co-infected with LPDV. Phylogenetic analysis of LPDV strains from Quebec and Manitoba grouped with previously sequenced samples from Ontario and publicly available sequences from a North American lineage. This study contributes valuable information toward ongoing surveillance and monitoring of LPDV in North America.
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DETECTION OF LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE VIRUS IN CANADA IN A SURVEY FOR VIRUSES IN ONTARIO WILD TURKEYS ( Meleagris gallopavo).
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2018Co-Authors: Amanda M. Macdonald, Claire M. Jardine, Jeff Bowman, Leonardo Susta, Nicole M. NemethAbstract:The successful reintroduction of Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) to Ontario, Canada, has led to established populations in southern portions of the province and currently allows for biannual hunting seasons. These populations geographically overlap Domestic Turkey farms, an important sector of the provincial agri-food industry. Potential pathogen transmission between Wild Turkeys and Domestic Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) is a concern, because they are susceptible to infection with many of the same pathogens and have direct and indirect contact in outdoor or open farm settings and contaminated environmental substrates. However, data concerning potential poultry pathogens in Wild Turkeys in Canada are scarce. Thus, we assessed the prevalence and geographic distribution of geographically relevant viruses in Ontario Wild Turkeys. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were tested for avian influenza viruses (AIV) by real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR (n=207), pooled tissues for lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV; n=183) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (n=119) by PCR, and gross skin lesions by real-time RT-PCR for avian poxvirus (n=8). We sequenced a fragment of the gag polyprotein (p31) gene of LPDV on a subset (n=10) of LPDV-positive samples for phylogenetic analysis and tested additional upland game bird species (n=39) and domestic fowl for LPDV (n=17). To the best of our knowledge, we document the first detection of LPDV in Wild Turkeys in Canada, with a prevalence of 65% (119/183). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LPDV sequences from Ontario were genetically similar to other North American strains and did not group into separate clades. Reticuloendotheliosis virus was detected in 4% (5/119) of LPDV-positive Wild Turkeys. Grossly evident skin lesions from five Wild Turkeys tested positive for poxvirus, and all turkeys tested negative for AIV. This study provides evidence of LPDV circulation in Canada and provides a baseline for comparison with future Wild Turkey pathogen surveillance and monitoring in Ontario and elsewhere.
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Neonicotinoid detection in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in Ontario, Canada.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018Co-Authors: Amanda M. Macdonald, Claire M. Jardine, Philippe J. Thomas, Nicole M. NemethAbstract:The use of neonicotinoid insecticides in agriculture is now recognized for the health risks it poses to non-target wildlife, with associated honey bee mortality especially concerning. Research directed toward the presence and effects of these pesticides on terrestrial vertebrates that consume neonicotinoid-coated seeds, such as wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris), is lacking. This study used liquid chromatography attached to a tandem mass spectrometer to assess the liver from 40 wild turkeys for neonicotinoid and other pesticide residues and compared detected levels of these contaminants across the southern Ontario, Canada. Nine (22.5%) wild turkeys had detectible levels of neonicotinoid residues-clothianidin in eight, and thiamethoxam in three. Two (5.0%) of these turkeys had detectable levels of both clothianidin and thiamethoxam. Fuberidazole was detected in two (5.0%) wild turkeys. The highest level of thiamethoxam detected was 0.16 ppm, while clothianidin was detected at 0.12 ppm, and fuberidazole at 0.0094 ppm. Knowledge of exposure in free-ranging wildlife is critical for better understanding the effects of neonicotinoids on wildlife health; thus, these data help establish baseline data for southern Ontario wild turkeys and provide context for reference values in future analyses.
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Survey for Bacteria and Antimicrobial Resistance in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Ontario, Canada
Avian Diseases, 2018Co-Authors: Amanda M. Macdonald, Claire M. Jardine, Leonardo Susta, Durda Slavic, Nicole M. NemethAbstract:SUMMARY Since being successfully reintroduced into Ontario, Canada, wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) populations have undergone robust growth and range expansion. This, along with increases in land use changes from human population growth and subsequent developments in agriculture and livestock production, has heightened opportunities for interactions between wild turkeys, domestic poultry, and humans. As conspecifics, wild and domestic turkeys are susceptible to infection and disease from many of the same pathogens. Thus, transmission by direct or indirect contact is a potential health threat to both groups, particularly with the overlapping range of wild turkeys in Ontario with numerous commercial and backyard poultry operations. However, these threats are difficult to assess due to knowledge gaps in the prevalence and geographic distribution of potential pathogens circulating among wild turkeys. We assessed for potentially pathogenic bacteria in free-ranging, hunter-harvested wild turkeys in Ontario (...
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Evaluation of Cytology for Diagnosing Avian Pox in Wild Turkeys ( Meleagris gallopavo).
Avian Diseases, 2018Co-Authors: Kira Hydock, Nicole M. Nemeth, Mary Jo Casalena, Holly Brown, Rebecca L. Poulson, Joshua B. Johnson, Justin C. BrownAbstract:SUMMARY Avian pox virus is a common cause of proliferative skin disease in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo); however, other etiologies may produce grossly indistinguishable lesions. Common methods for diagnosing avian pox include histopathology, virus isolation, and PCR. While these methods are sufficient in most cases, each has their limitations. Cytology is a cost-effective and rapid approach that may be useful when traditional diagnostics are not feasible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of cytology relative to histopathology and PCR for avian pox diagnosis in wild turkeys. Fifty wild turkeys were submitted for necropsy due to nodular skin lesions on unfeathered skin of the head. Of these, five had similar skin lesions on the unfeathered legs and 26 had plaques on the mucosa of the oropharynx or esophagus. Representative skin, oropharyngeal, and esophageal lesions from all birds were examined with cytology and histopathology. Skin lesions on the head of each bird were also...
Amanda M. Macdonald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lymphoproliferative Disease Virus in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) from Manitoba and Quebec, Canada.
Avian diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Amanda M. Macdonald, John R. Barta, Michelle M. Mckay, Stéphane Lair, Rozenn Le Net, Frank Baldwin, Neil Pople, Nicole M. NemethAbstract:This study describes the first recognized clinical case of lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) in Canada and extends the range of LPDV in Canada through its detection in Manitoba and Quebec. We assessed the prevalence of LPDV in eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) with the use of whole, clotted blood from live birds in Manitoba (n = 65) and tissue samples collected postmortem in Quebec (n = 4). We tested for LPDV proviral DNA through PCR amplification and sequencing of a portion of the gag (p31) gene. Samples were also tested for reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) by PCR. Twenty-four birds (34.8%) were positive for LPDV, including all diagnostic cases. One bird (1.4%) from Quebec had gross and microscopic lesions consistent with LPDV. Two turkeys (2.9%) were REV positive, one (1.4%) of which was co-infected with LPDV. Phylogenetic analysis of LPDV strains from Quebec and Manitoba grouped with previously sequenced samples from Ontario and publicly available sequences from a North American lineage. This study contributes valuable information toward ongoing surveillance and monitoring of LPDV in North America.
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DETECTION OF LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE VIRUS IN CANADA IN A SURVEY FOR VIRUSES IN ONTARIO WILD TURKEYS ( Meleagris gallopavo).
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2018Co-Authors: Amanda M. Macdonald, Claire M. Jardine, Jeff Bowman, Leonardo Susta, Nicole M. NemethAbstract:The successful reintroduction of Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) to Ontario, Canada, has led to established populations in southern portions of the province and currently allows for biannual hunting seasons. These populations geographically overlap Domestic Turkey farms, an important sector of the provincial agri-food industry. Potential pathogen transmission between Wild Turkeys and Domestic Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) is a concern, because they are susceptible to infection with many of the same pathogens and have direct and indirect contact in outdoor or open farm settings and contaminated environmental substrates. However, data concerning potential poultry pathogens in Wild Turkeys in Canada are scarce. Thus, we assessed the prevalence and geographic distribution of geographically relevant viruses in Ontario Wild Turkeys. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were tested for avian influenza viruses (AIV) by real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR (n=207), pooled tissues for lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV; n=183) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (n=119) by PCR, and gross skin lesions by real-time RT-PCR for avian poxvirus (n=8). We sequenced a fragment of the gag polyprotein (p31) gene of LPDV on a subset (n=10) of LPDV-positive samples for phylogenetic analysis and tested additional upland game bird species (n=39) and domestic fowl for LPDV (n=17). To the best of our knowledge, we document the first detection of LPDV in Wild Turkeys in Canada, with a prevalence of 65% (119/183). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LPDV sequences from Ontario were genetically similar to other North American strains and did not group into separate clades. Reticuloendotheliosis virus was detected in 4% (5/119) of LPDV-positive Wild Turkeys. Grossly evident skin lesions from five Wild Turkeys tested positive for poxvirus, and all turkeys tested negative for AIV. This study provides evidence of LPDV circulation in Canada and provides a baseline for comparison with future Wild Turkey pathogen surveillance and monitoring in Ontario and elsewhere.
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Neonicotinoid detection in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in Ontario, Canada.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018Co-Authors: Amanda M. Macdonald, Claire M. Jardine, Philippe J. Thomas, Nicole M. NemethAbstract:The use of neonicotinoid insecticides in agriculture is now recognized for the health risks it poses to non-target wildlife, with associated honey bee mortality especially concerning. Research directed toward the presence and effects of these pesticides on terrestrial vertebrates that consume neonicotinoid-coated seeds, such as wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris), is lacking. This study used liquid chromatography attached to a tandem mass spectrometer to assess the liver from 40 wild turkeys for neonicotinoid and other pesticide residues and compared detected levels of these contaminants across the southern Ontario, Canada. Nine (22.5%) wild turkeys had detectible levels of neonicotinoid residues-clothianidin in eight, and thiamethoxam in three. Two (5.0%) of these turkeys had detectable levels of both clothianidin and thiamethoxam. Fuberidazole was detected in two (5.0%) wild turkeys. The highest level of thiamethoxam detected was 0.16 ppm, while clothianidin was detected at 0.12 ppm, and fuberidazole at 0.0094 ppm. Knowledge of exposure in free-ranging wildlife is critical for better understanding the effects of neonicotinoids on wildlife health; thus, these data help establish baseline data for southern Ontario wild turkeys and provide context for reference values in future analyses.
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Survey for Bacteria and Antimicrobial Resistance in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Ontario, Canada
Avian Diseases, 2018Co-Authors: Amanda M. Macdonald, Claire M. Jardine, Leonardo Susta, Durda Slavic, Nicole M. NemethAbstract:SUMMARY Since being successfully reintroduced into Ontario, Canada, wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) populations have undergone robust growth and range expansion. This, along with increases in land use changes from human population growth and subsequent developments in agriculture and livestock production, has heightened opportunities for interactions between wild turkeys, domestic poultry, and humans. As conspecifics, wild and domestic turkeys are susceptible to infection and disease from many of the same pathogens. Thus, transmission by direct or indirect contact is a potential health threat to both groups, particularly with the overlapping range of wild turkeys in Ontario with numerous commercial and backyard poultry operations. However, these threats are difficult to assess due to knowledge gaps in the prevalence and geographic distribution of potential pathogens circulating among wild turkeys. We assessed for potentially pathogenic bacteria in free-ranging, hunter-harvested wild turkeys in Ontario (...
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Mortality and Disease in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in Ontario, Canada, from 1992 to 2014: A Retrospective Review
Avian diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Amanda M. Macdonald, Claire M. Jardine, G. Douglas Campbell, Nicole M. NemethAbstract:SUMMARY Wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) were extirpated from Ontario, Canada, in the early 1900s due to unregulated over-hunting and habitat loss. Despite a successful reintroduction program and strong population numbers, information regarding the health of wild turkeys in Ontario is scarce. A 22-yr (1992–2014) retrospective study was performed to evaluate diagnostic data, including the cause(s) and contributors to death, in wild turkeys submitted to the Ontario-Nunavut node of the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (n = 56). Noninfectious diagnostic findings (39/56; 69.6%) were more common than infectious, with emaciation recognized most frequently (n = 19; 33.9%) followed by trauma (n = 11, 19.6%). The majority of deaths due to emaciation occurred in winter and spring (17/18; 94.4%), which is consistent with lack of access to or availability of food resources. Morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases was diagnosed in 16 (28.6%) wild turkeys. Avian poxvirus was the most common i...
Fabrizio Ceciliani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Changes in the intestinal mucosal proteome of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) infected with haemorrhagic enteritis virus
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 2019Co-Authors: Andreia T. Marques, Cristina Lecchi, Guido Grilli, Sandra I. Anjo, Mangesh Bhide, Ana V. Coelho, Bruno Manadas, Fabrizio CecilianiAbstract:Abstract Haemorrhagic enteritis (HE) is a viral disease affecting intestinal integrity and barrier function in turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and resulting in a significant economic loss. Sequential Windowed Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS) was applied to identify crucial proteins involved in HE infection. A total of 938 proteins were identified and used to generate a reference library for SWATH-MS analysis. In total, 523 proteins were reliably quantified, and 64 proteins were found to be differentially expressed, including 49 up-regulated and 15 down-regulated proteins between healthy and HE-affected intestinal mucosa. Functional analysis suggested that these proteins were involved in the following categories of cellular pathways and metabolisms: 1) energy pathways; 2) intestine lipid and amino acid metabolism; 3) oxidative stress; 4) intestinal immune response. Major findings of this study demonstrated that natural HE infection is related to the changes in abundance of several proteins involved in cell-intrinsic immune defense against viral invasion, systemic inflammation, modulation of excessive inflammation, B and T cell development and function and antigen presentation. mRNA quantitative expression demonstrated that most of the proteins involved in innate immunity that were found to be differentially abundant were produced by intestinal mucosa, suggesting its direct involvement in immune defences against HE infection.
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The effect of transport stress on turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) liver acute phase proteins gene expression.
Research in veterinary science, 2015Co-Authors: Andreia T. Marques, Cristina Lecchi, Guido Grilli, Chiara Giudice, Sara Rota Nodari, Leonardo James Vinco, Fabrizio CecilianiAbstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transport-related stress on the liver gene expression of four acute phase proteins (APP), namely α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and PIT54, in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). A group of seven BUT BIG 6 commercial hens was subjected to a two-hour long road transportation and the quantitative gene expression of APP in the liver was compared to that of a non transported control group. The expression of AGP and CRP mRNA was found to be increased in animals slaughtered after road transport. The presence of AGP protein was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The results of this study showed that road-transport may induce the mRNA expression of immune related proteins. The finding that AGP and CRP can be upregulated during transport could suggest their use as for the assessment of turkey welfare during transport.
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Serum miRNA disregulation during transport-related stress in turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
International Journal of Health Animal science and Food safety, 2015Co-Authors: Andreia T. Marques, Leonardo James Vinco, Fabrizio Ceciliani, Miriam Redegalli, Michela Carisetti, Sarah Meani, Valerio Bronzo, Cristina LecchiAbstract:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small 21-25 nucleotide regulatory non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. miRNAs are complementary to the 3′-untranslated regions of mRNA and act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, exhibiting remarkable stability in extracellular fluids such as blood. Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) farming is a species economically relevant but the lack of efficient protocols for the evaluation of commercial turkeys prevents to measure the impact of industry practices on birds productivity and welfare. In order to identify potential molecular biomarkers for monitoring stress in turkey’s handling, we investigated by TaqMan qPCR the abundance of five circulating miRNA, namely miR-22, miR-155, miR-181a, miR-204 and miR-365, previously demonstrated to be involved in stress in chicken due to feed deprivation. Road transportation related procedures were selected as stressful model for this study. The serum of twenty healthy animals was collected before and after 2h transportation. Our results demonstrated that miR-22, miR-155 and miR-365 are statistically more expressed after road transportation. Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to estimate the diagnostic value of these miRNAs to evaluate the stress in animals. The serum level of miR-22, miR-155 and miR-365 can discriminate stressed from non-stressed animals with an AUC=0.763, 0.710 and 0.704, respectively, and the average expression of their combination has the same specificity (AUC=0.745). miR-22, miR-155 and miR-365 are stress-specific markers and can be considered as suitable biomarkers to identify turkeys stressed by road transportation.
Justin C. Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Tissues of Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Pennsylvania
The Journal of parasitology, 2019Co-Authors: Camila K. Cerqueira-cézar, Andressa F. Da Silva, F.h.a. Murata, Meghan Sadler, Ibrahim E. Abbas, Oliver C.h. Kwok, Justin C. Brown, Mary Jo Casalena, Mitchell R. BlakeAbstract:ABSTRACT Toxoplasmosis in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) is of epidemiological interest because turkeys feed from the ground, and detection of infection in turkeys indicates contamination by oo...
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Evaluation of Cytology for Diagnosing Avian Pox in Wild Turkeys ( Meleagris gallopavo).
Avian Diseases, 2018Co-Authors: Kira Hydock, Nicole M. Nemeth, Mary Jo Casalena, Holly Brown, Rebecca L. Poulson, Joshua B. Johnson, Justin C. BrownAbstract:SUMMARY Avian pox virus is a common cause of proliferative skin disease in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo); however, other etiologies may produce grossly indistinguishable lesions. Common methods for diagnosing avian pox include histopathology, virus isolation, and PCR. While these methods are sufficient in most cases, each has their limitations. Cytology is a cost-effective and rapid approach that may be useful when traditional diagnostics are not feasible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of cytology relative to histopathology and PCR for avian pox diagnosis in wild turkeys. Fifty wild turkeys were submitted for necropsy due to nodular skin lesions on unfeathered skin of the head. Of these, five had similar skin lesions on the unfeathered legs and 26 had plaques on the mucosa of the oropharynx or esophagus. Representative skin, oropharyngeal, and esophageal lesions from all birds were examined with cytology and histopathology. Skin lesions on the head of each bird were also...
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A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CAUSES OF SKIN LESIONS IN WILD TURKEYS (Meleagris gallopavo) IN THE EASTERN USA, 1975–2013
Journal of wildlife diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Elizabeth J. Elsmo, Andrew B. Allison, Justin C. BrownAbstract:Abstract Skin lesions of Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are a common cause of concern to wildlife biologists and the general public and are a frequent reason for submission to diagnostic laboratories. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the causes, occurrence, and epidemiologic patterns of skin lesions in Wild Turkeys in the eastern US. Skin lesions were diagnosed in 30% (n=199) of the 660 Wild Turkey samples submitted to the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study diagnostic service from 1975 to 2013. Avian pox was the most frequent cause of skin lesions (66%, n=131), followed by bacterial dermatitis (22%, n=44), ectoparasitism-related dermatitis (3%, n=6), fungal dermatitis (2.5%, n=5), and neoplasia (2.0%, n=4). Although the gross appearance of skin lesions is often insufficient to determine the etiology, the anatomic distribution of lesions and temporal occurrence of certain diseases may offer insights into likely causes. Cases with lesions involving or restricted to the...
Justin Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a retrospective study of causes of skin lesions in wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo in the eastern usa 1975 2013
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Elizabeth J. Elsmo, Andrew B. Allison, Justin BrownAbstract:Abstract Skin lesions of Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are a common cause of concern to wildlife biologists and the general public and are a frequent reason for submission to diagnostic laboratories. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the causes, occurrence, and epidemiologic patterns of skin lesions in Wild Turkeys in the eastern US. Skin lesions were diagnosed in 30% (n=199) of the 660 Wild Turkey samples submitted to the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study diagnostic service from 1975 to 2013. Avian pox was the most frequent cause of skin lesions (66%, n=131), followed by bacterial dermatitis (22%, n=44), ectoparasitism-related dermatitis (3%, n=6), fungal dermatitis (2.5%, n=5), and neoplasia (2.0%, n=4). Although the gross appearance of skin lesions is often insufficient to determine the etiology, the anatomic distribution of lesions and temporal occurrence of certain diseases may offer insights into likely causes. Cases with lesions involving or restricted to the...