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Andreas Reinecke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sensing the underground ultrastructure and function of sensory organs in root feeding melolontha melolontha coleoptera scarabaeinae larvae
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Elisabeth J Eilers, Monika Hilker, Giovanni Talarico, Bill S Hansson, Andreas ReineckeAbstract:Introduction: Below ground orientation in insects relies mainly on olfaction and taste. The economic impact of plant root feeding scarab beetle larvae gave rise to numerous phylogenetic and ecological studies. Detailed knowledge of the sensory capacities of these larvae is nevertheless lacking. Here, we present an atlas of the sensory organs on larval head appendages of melolontha melolontha. Our ultrastructural and electrophysiological investigations allow annotation of functions to various sensory structures. Results: Three out of 17 ascertained sensillum types have olfactory, and 7 gustatory function. These sensillum types are unevenly distributed between antennae and palps. The most prominent chemosensory organs are antennal pore plates that in total are innervated by approximately one thousand olfactory sensory neurons grouped into functional units of three-tofour. In contrast, only two olfactory sensory neurons innervate one sensillum basiconicum on each of the palps. Gustatory sensilla chaetica dominate the apices of all head appendages, while only the palps bear thermo-/hygroreceptors. Electrophysiological responses to CO2, an attractant for many root feeders, are exclusively observed in the antennae. Out of 54 relevant volatile compounds, various alcohols, acids, amines, esters, aldehydes, ketones and monoterpenes elicit responses in antennae and palps. All head appendages are characterized by distinct olfactory response profiles that are even enantiomer specific for some compounds. Conclusions: Chemosensory capacities in M. melolontha larvae are as highly developed as in many adult insects. We interpret the functional sensory units underneath the antennal pore plates as cryptic sensilla placodea and suggest that these perceive a broad range of secondary plant metabolites together with CO2. Responses to olfactory stimulation of the labial and maxillary palps indicate that typical contact chemo-sensilla have a dual gustatory and olfactory function.
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Sensing the underground – Ultrastructure and function of sensory organs in root-feeding melolontha melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) larvae
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Elisabeth J Eilers, Monika Hilker, Giovanni Talarico, Bill S Hansson, Andreas ReineckeAbstract:Introduction: Below ground orientation in insects relies mainly on olfaction and taste. The economic impact of plant root feeding scarab beetle larvae gave rise to numerous phylogenetic and ecological studies. Detailed knowledge of the sensory capacities of these larvae is nevertheless lacking. Here, we present an atlas of the sensory organs on larval head appendages of melolontha melolontha. Our ultrastructural and electrophysiological investigations allow annotation of functions to various sensory structures. Results: Three out of 17 ascertained sensillum types have olfactory, and 7 gustatory function. These sensillum types are unevenly distributed between antennae and palps. The most prominent chemosensory organs are antennal pore plates that in total are innervated by approximately one thousand olfactory sensory neurons grouped into functional units of three-tofour. In contrast, only two olfactory sensory neurons innervate one sensillum basiconicum on each of the palps. Gustatory sensilla chaetica dominate the apices of all head appendages, while only the palps bear thermo-/hygroreceptors. Electrophysiological responses to CO2, an attractant for many root feeders, are exclusively observed in the antennae. Out of 54 relevant volatile compounds, various alcohols, acids, amines, esters, aldehydes, ketones and monoterpenes elicit responses in antennae and palps. All head appendages are characterized by distinct olfactory response profiles that are even enantiomer specific for some compounds. Conclusions: Chemosensory capacities in M. melolontha larvae are as highly developed as in many adult insects. We interpret the functional sensory units underneath the antennal pore plates as cryptic sensilla placodea and suggest that these perceive a broad range of secondary plant metabolites together with CO2. Responses to olfactory stimulation of the labial and maxillary palps indicate that typical contact chemo-sensilla have a dual gustatory and olfactory function.
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electrophysiological and behavioural responses of melolontha melolontha to saturated and unsaturated aliphatic alcohols
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2005Co-Authors: Andreas Reinecke, Joachim Ruther, Monika HilkerAbstract:Male melolontha cockchafers are known to use green leaf volatiles induced by female feeding on host plants for their mate location. Earlier studies of the response of the European cockchafer, melolontha melolontha L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), to different green leaf aldehydes, alcohols, and acetates revealed that only green leaf alcohols were attractive to males in the field. Females were not attracted at all by these volatiles. Here, we present a study that aimed to elucidate the structure-activity relationships of aliphatic alcohols. Both behavioural and physiological responses were studied in male and female M. melolontha by field tests and electroantennography. The compounds tested were saturated aliphatic alcohols with chain lengths between five and eight carbon atoms. Furthermore, the cockchafer's response to six-carbon alcohols with (E)-2-, (E)-3-, (Z)-2-, (Z)-3-, and (Z)-4-configurated double bonds was tested. All compounds elicited dose-dependent responses on the antennae of both sexes. In general, males showed a stronger normalized EAG response to the stimuli than females. However, only the naturally occurring six-carbon alcohols, i.e., 1-hexanol (E )-2-, (Z)-3, and (E)-3-hexen-1-ol were attractive to M. melolontha males in the field. Females were not attracted to any of the tested compounds, confirming previous results on the olfactory orientation of melolontha cockchafers.
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alcoholism in cockchafers orientation of male melolontha melolontha towards green leaf alcohols
Naturwissenschaften, 2002Co-Authors: Andreas Reinecke, Joachim Ruther, Till Tolasch, Wittko Francke, Monika HilkerAbstract:Chemical orientation of the European cockchafer, melolontha melolontha L., a serious pest in agriculture and horticulture, was investigated by field tests and electrophysiological experiments using plant volatiles. In total, 16 typical plant volatiles were shown to elicit electrophysiological responses in male cockchafers. Funnel trap field bioassays revealed that green leaf alcohols (i.e. (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol and 1-hexanol) attracted males, whereas the corresponding aldehydes and acetates were behaviourally inactive. Furthermore, male cockchafers were attracted by volatiles from mechanically damaged leaves of Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L. and Carpinus betulus L. However, volatiles emitted by damaged leaves of F. sylvatica attracted significantly more males than those from the other host plants. Odour from intact F. sylvatica leaves was not attractive to M. melolontha males. Females were not attracted by any of the tested volatile sources. The results suggest that plant volatiles play a similar role as a sexual kairomone in mate finding of M. melolontha, as has been shown for the forest cockchafer, melolontha hippocastani F. Nevertheless, both species show remarkable differences in their reaction to green leaf alcohols.
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the scent of food and defence green leaf volatiles and toluquinone as sex attractant mediate mate finding in the european cockchafer melolontha melolontha
Ecology Letters, 2002Co-Authors: Andreas Reinecke, Joachim Ruther, Monika HilkerAbstract:Mate finding in the European cockchafer, melolontha melolontha, has been investigated in the field. Our data suggest that mainly males show flight activity at dusk. In a landing cage bioassay, male cockchafers preferred cages baited with females over cages baited with males. Gas chromatographic analysis of beetle extracts with electronantennographic detection revealed the presence of electrophysiologically active compounds, among them toluquinone. In funnel trap bioassays none of these compounds was attractive towards males per se. A mixture of green leaf volatiles (GLV) mimicking the bouquet of mechanically damaged leaves was highly attractive to M. melolontha males. The attractiveness of the same GLV mixture was synergistically enhanced when toluquinone was added to the lure. GLV attract males to damaged leaves. Toluquinone as a sex pheromone indicates the presence of conspecific females and synergistically enhances the attractiveness of GLV.
Monika Hilker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sensing the underground ultrastructure and function of sensory organs in root feeding melolontha melolontha coleoptera scarabaeinae larvae
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Elisabeth J Eilers, Monika Hilker, Giovanni Talarico, Bill S Hansson, Andreas ReineckeAbstract:Introduction: Below ground orientation in insects relies mainly on olfaction and taste. The economic impact of plant root feeding scarab beetle larvae gave rise to numerous phylogenetic and ecological studies. Detailed knowledge of the sensory capacities of these larvae is nevertheless lacking. Here, we present an atlas of the sensory organs on larval head appendages of melolontha melolontha. Our ultrastructural and electrophysiological investigations allow annotation of functions to various sensory structures. Results: Three out of 17 ascertained sensillum types have olfactory, and 7 gustatory function. These sensillum types are unevenly distributed between antennae and palps. The most prominent chemosensory organs are antennal pore plates that in total are innervated by approximately one thousand olfactory sensory neurons grouped into functional units of three-tofour. In contrast, only two olfactory sensory neurons innervate one sensillum basiconicum on each of the palps. Gustatory sensilla chaetica dominate the apices of all head appendages, while only the palps bear thermo-/hygroreceptors. Electrophysiological responses to CO2, an attractant for many root feeders, are exclusively observed in the antennae. Out of 54 relevant volatile compounds, various alcohols, acids, amines, esters, aldehydes, ketones and monoterpenes elicit responses in antennae and palps. All head appendages are characterized by distinct olfactory response profiles that are even enantiomer specific for some compounds. Conclusions: Chemosensory capacities in M. melolontha larvae are as highly developed as in many adult insects. We interpret the functional sensory units underneath the antennal pore plates as cryptic sensilla placodea and suggest that these perceive a broad range of secondary plant metabolites together with CO2. Responses to olfactory stimulation of the labial and maxillary palps indicate that typical contact chemo-sensilla have a dual gustatory and olfactory function.
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Sensing the underground – Ultrastructure and function of sensory organs in root-feeding melolontha melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) larvae
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Elisabeth J Eilers, Monika Hilker, Giovanni Talarico, Bill S Hansson, Andreas ReineckeAbstract:Introduction: Below ground orientation in insects relies mainly on olfaction and taste. The economic impact of plant root feeding scarab beetle larvae gave rise to numerous phylogenetic and ecological studies. Detailed knowledge of the sensory capacities of these larvae is nevertheless lacking. Here, we present an atlas of the sensory organs on larval head appendages of melolontha melolontha. Our ultrastructural and electrophysiological investigations allow annotation of functions to various sensory structures. Results: Three out of 17 ascertained sensillum types have olfactory, and 7 gustatory function. These sensillum types are unevenly distributed between antennae and palps. The most prominent chemosensory organs are antennal pore plates that in total are innervated by approximately one thousand olfactory sensory neurons grouped into functional units of three-tofour. In contrast, only two olfactory sensory neurons innervate one sensillum basiconicum on each of the palps. Gustatory sensilla chaetica dominate the apices of all head appendages, while only the palps bear thermo-/hygroreceptors. Electrophysiological responses to CO2, an attractant for many root feeders, are exclusively observed in the antennae. Out of 54 relevant volatile compounds, various alcohols, acids, amines, esters, aldehydes, ketones and monoterpenes elicit responses in antennae and palps. All head appendages are characterized by distinct olfactory response profiles that are even enantiomer specific for some compounds. Conclusions: Chemosensory capacities in M. melolontha larvae are as highly developed as in many adult insects. We interpret the functional sensory units underneath the antennal pore plates as cryptic sensilla placodea and suggest that these perceive a broad range of secondary plant metabolites together with CO2. Responses to olfactory stimulation of the labial and maxillary palps indicate that typical contact chemo-sensilla have a dual gustatory and olfactory function.
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electrophysiological and behavioural responses of melolontha melolontha to saturated and unsaturated aliphatic alcohols
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2005Co-Authors: Andreas Reinecke, Joachim Ruther, Monika HilkerAbstract:Male melolontha cockchafers are known to use green leaf volatiles induced by female feeding on host plants for their mate location. Earlier studies of the response of the European cockchafer, melolontha melolontha L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), to different green leaf aldehydes, alcohols, and acetates revealed that only green leaf alcohols were attractive to males in the field. Females were not attracted at all by these volatiles. Here, we present a study that aimed to elucidate the structure-activity relationships of aliphatic alcohols. Both behavioural and physiological responses were studied in male and female M. melolontha by field tests and electroantennography. The compounds tested were saturated aliphatic alcohols with chain lengths between five and eight carbon atoms. Furthermore, the cockchafer's response to six-carbon alcohols with (E)-2-, (E)-3-, (Z)-2-, (Z)-3-, and (Z)-4-configurated double bonds was tested. All compounds elicited dose-dependent responses on the antennae of both sexes. In general, males showed a stronger normalized EAG response to the stimuli than females. However, only the naturally occurring six-carbon alcohols, i.e., 1-hexanol (E )-2-, (Z)-3, and (E)-3-hexen-1-ol were attractive to M. melolontha males in the field. Females were not attracted to any of the tested compounds, confirming previous results on the olfactory orientation of melolontha cockchafers.
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alcoholism in cockchafers orientation of male melolontha melolontha towards green leaf alcohols
Naturwissenschaften, 2002Co-Authors: Andreas Reinecke, Joachim Ruther, Till Tolasch, Wittko Francke, Monika HilkerAbstract:Chemical orientation of the European cockchafer, melolontha melolontha L., a serious pest in agriculture and horticulture, was investigated by field tests and electrophysiological experiments using plant volatiles. In total, 16 typical plant volatiles were shown to elicit electrophysiological responses in male cockchafers. Funnel trap field bioassays revealed that green leaf alcohols (i.e. (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol and 1-hexanol) attracted males, whereas the corresponding aldehydes and acetates were behaviourally inactive. Furthermore, male cockchafers were attracted by volatiles from mechanically damaged leaves of Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L. and Carpinus betulus L. However, volatiles emitted by damaged leaves of F. sylvatica attracted significantly more males than those from the other host plants. Odour from intact F. sylvatica leaves was not attractive to M. melolontha males. Females were not attracted by any of the tested volatile sources. The results suggest that plant volatiles play a similar role as a sexual kairomone in mate finding of M. melolontha, as has been shown for the forest cockchafer, melolontha hippocastani F. Nevertheless, both species show remarkable differences in their reaction to green leaf alcohols.
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the scent of food and defence green leaf volatiles and toluquinone as sex attractant mediate mate finding in the european cockchafer melolontha melolontha
Ecology Letters, 2002Co-Authors: Andreas Reinecke, Joachim Ruther, Monika HilkerAbstract:Mate finding in the European cockchafer, melolontha melolontha, has been investigated in the field. Our data suggest that mainly males show flight activity at dusk. In a landing cage bioassay, male cockchafers preferred cages baited with females over cages baited with males. Gas chromatographic analysis of beetle extracts with electronantennographic detection revealed the presence of electrophysiologically active compounds, among them toluquinone. In funnel trap bioassays none of these compounds was attractive towards males per se. A mixture of green leaf volatiles (GLV) mimicking the bouquet of mechanically damaged leaves was highly attractive to M. melolontha males. The attractiveness of the same GLV mixture was synergistically enhanced when toluquinone was added to the lure. GLV attract males to damaged leaves. Toluquinone as a sex pheromone indicates the presence of conspecific females and synergistically enhances the attractiveness of GLV.
David Chesmore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Active sound production of scarab beetle larvae opens up new possibilities for species-specific pest monitoring in soils.
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Carolyn-monika Görres, David ChesmoreAbstract:Root-feeding Scarabaeidae larvae can pose a serious threat to agricultural and forest ecosystems, but many details of larval ecology are still unknown. We developed an acoustic data analysis method based on active sound production by larvae (i.e. stridulations) for gaining new insights into larval ecology. In a laboratory study, third instar larvae of the Common Cockchafer (melolontha melolontha) (n = 38) and the Forest Cockchafer (M. hippocastani) (n = 15) kept in soil-filled containers were acoustically monitored for 5 min each, resulting in the first known stridulation recordings for each species. Subsequent continuous monitoring of three M. hippocastani larvae over several hours showed that a single larva could stridulate more than 70 times per hour, and stridulation rates increased drastically with increasing larval abundance. The new fractal dimension-based data analysis method automatically detected audio sections with stridulations and provided a semi-quantitative estimate of stridulation activity. It is the first data analysis method specifically targeting Scarabaeidae larvae stridulations in soils, enabling for the first time non-invasive species-specific pest monitoring.
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Stridulations of melolontha spp. larvae open up new possibilities for species-specific pest monitoring in soils
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Carolyn-monika Goerres, David ChesmoreAbstract:Root-feeding Scarabaeidae larvae can pose a serious threat to agricultural and forest ecosystems, but many details of larval ecology are still unknown. We developed an acoustic data analysis method for gaining new insights into larval ecology. In a laboratory study, third instar larvae of melolontha melolontha (n=38) and M. hippocastani (n=15) kept in soil-filled containers were acoustically monitored for 5 min each, resulting in the first known stridulation recordings for each species. Subsequent continuous monitoring of three M. hippocastani larvae over several hours showed that a single larva could stridulate more than 70 times per hour, and stridulation rates increased drastically with increasing larval abundance. The new fractal dimension-based data analysis method automatically detected audio sections with stridulations and provided a semi-quantitative estimate of stridulation activity. It is the first data analysis method specifically targeting Scarabaeidae larvae stridulations in soils, enabling for the first time non-invasive species-specific pest monitoring.
O I Ozino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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persistence and efficacy of beauveria brongniartii strains applied as biocontrol agents against melolontha melolontha in the valley of aosta northwest italy
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: Paola Dolci, F Guglielmo, Francesca Secchi, O I OzinoAbstract:Aims: To monitor and select genetically characterized strains of Beauveria brongniartii to be used as microbiological control agents against melolontha melolontha in different climatic conditions of the Valley of Aosta (northwest Italy). Methods and Results: Molecular random amplified polymorphic DNA markers allowed monitoring of five B. brongniartii strains (C2, F, K2, N3 and W2) in field trials. Ten sites were chosen at Jovencan, Saint-Pierre and Quart areas, where a mixture of the five strains colonizing rye kernels was applied to the soil of each M. melolontha infested site. Growth, persistence and virulence on M. melolontha larvae of five fungal strains were evaluated in two subsequent 24-month studies. Beauveria brongniartii grew best at the Jovencan sites. Not only did strain F persist better than the other strains in most soil samples but it was also the most virulent strain. Strain F was isolated the most frequently from infected M. melolontha larvae recovered from the test sites. A general decrease in the larvae rate was detected in the test field soil. Conclusions: Strain F of B. brongniartii was better than other strains in growth, persistence and virulence against M. melolontha larvae in the test site soil. Significance and Impact of the Study: Results obtained from preliminary field trials support the use of strain F as a biological control agent against M. melolontha in the Valley of Aosta even if further targeted studies are still necessary.
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detection of genetic polymorphism by rapd pcr in strains of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria brongniartii isolated from the european cockchafer melolontha spp
Letters in Applied Microbiology, 1997Co-Authors: F Cravanzola, P Piatti, P D Bridge, O I OzinoAbstract:Genetic polymorphism in strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beuveria brongniartii, isolated from melolontha melolontha and M. hippocastani in different European sites, was investigated by RAPD-PCR. Strains of B. brongniartii isolated in Valle d'Aosta (Italy) were highly virulent to M. melolontha, and potential relatedness among these strains was investigated with RAPD markers obtained from 16 10-bp primers. This study shows that the strains analysed are closely related. The subdivision of the European strains into subgroups, obtained from numerical analyses of the data, does not appear to relate to either geographical origin or host insect. Individual strain-specific patterns of RAPD bands were identified for 24 strains. The remaining four strains consisted of two pairs, each of which showed identical RAPD patterns.
Elisabeth J Eilers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sensing the underground ultrastructure and function of sensory organs in root feeding melolontha melolontha coleoptera scarabaeinae larvae
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Elisabeth J Eilers, Monika Hilker, Giovanni Talarico, Bill S Hansson, Andreas ReineckeAbstract:Introduction: Below ground orientation in insects relies mainly on olfaction and taste. The economic impact of plant root feeding scarab beetle larvae gave rise to numerous phylogenetic and ecological studies. Detailed knowledge of the sensory capacities of these larvae is nevertheless lacking. Here, we present an atlas of the sensory organs on larval head appendages of melolontha melolontha. Our ultrastructural and electrophysiological investigations allow annotation of functions to various sensory structures. Results: Three out of 17 ascertained sensillum types have olfactory, and 7 gustatory function. These sensillum types are unevenly distributed between antennae and palps. The most prominent chemosensory organs are antennal pore plates that in total are innervated by approximately one thousand olfactory sensory neurons grouped into functional units of three-tofour. In contrast, only two olfactory sensory neurons innervate one sensillum basiconicum on each of the palps. Gustatory sensilla chaetica dominate the apices of all head appendages, while only the palps bear thermo-/hygroreceptors. Electrophysiological responses to CO2, an attractant for many root feeders, are exclusively observed in the antennae. Out of 54 relevant volatile compounds, various alcohols, acids, amines, esters, aldehydes, ketones and monoterpenes elicit responses in antennae and palps. All head appendages are characterized by distinct olfactory response profiles that are even enantiomer specific for some compounds. Conclusions: Chemosensory capacities in M. melolontha larvae are as highly developed as in many adult insects. We interpret the functional sensory units underneath the antennal pore plates as cryptic sensilla placodea and suggest that these perceive a broad range of secondary plant metabolites together with CO2. Responses to olfactory stimulation of the labial and maxillary palps indicate that typical contact chemo-sensilla have a dual gustatory and olfactory function.
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Sensing the underground – Ultrastructure and function of sensory organs in root-feeding melolontha melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) larvae
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Elisabeth J Eilers, Monika Hilker, Giovanni Talarico, Bill S Hansson, Andreas ReineckeAbstract:Introduction: Below ground orientation in insects relies mainly on olfaction and taste. The economic impact of plant root feeding scarab beetle larvae gave rise to numerous phylogenetic and ecological studies. Detailed knowledge of the sensory capacities of these larvae is nevertheless lacking. Here, we present an atlas of the sensory organs on larval head appendages of melolontha melolontha. Our ultrastructural and electrophysiological investigations allow annotation of functions to various sensory structures. Results: Three out of 17 ascertained sensillum types have olfactory, and 7 gustatory function. These sensillum types are unevenly distributed between antennae and palps. The most prominent chemosensory organs are antennal pore plates that in total are innervated by approximately one thousand olfactory sensory neurons grouped into functional units of three-tofour. In contrast, only two olfactory sensory neurons innervate one sensillum basiconicum on each of the palps. Gustatory sensilla chaetica dominate the apices of all head appendages, while only the palps bear thermo-/hygroreceptors. Electrophysiological responses to CO2, an attractant for many root feeders, are exclusively observed in the antennae. Out of 54 relevant volatile compounds, various alcohols, acids, amines, esters, aldehydes, ketones and monoterpenes elicit responses in antennae and palps. All head appendages are characterized by distinct olfactory response profiles that are even enantiomer specific for some compounds. Conclusions: Chemosensory capacities in M. melolontha larvae are as highly developed as in many adult insects. We interpret the functional sensory units underneath the antennal pore plates as cryptic sensilla placodea and suggest that these perceive a broad range of secondary plant metabolites together with CO2. Responses to olfactory stimulation of the labial and maxillary palps indicate that typical contact chemo-sensilla have a dual gustatory and olfactory function.