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Jan Born - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the whats and whens of sleep dependent Memory Consolidation
    Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2009
    Co-Authors: Susanne Diekelmann, Ines Wilhelm, Jan Born
    Abstract:

    Sleep benefits Memory Consolidation. The reviewed studies indicate that this consolidating effect is not revealed under all circumstances but is linked to specific psychological conditions. Specifically, we discuss to what extent Memory Consolidation during sleep depends on the type of learning materials, type of learning and retrieval test, different features of sleep and the subject population. Post-learning sleep enhances Consolidation of declarative, procedural and emotional memories. The enhancement is greater for weakly than strongly encoded associations and more consistent for explicitly than implicitly encoded memories. Memories associated with expected reward gain preferentially access to sleep-dependent Consolidation. For declarative memories, sleep benefits are more consistently revealed with recall than recognition procedures at retrieval testing. Slow wave sleep (SWS) particularly enhances declarative memories whereas rapid eye movement (REM) sleep preferentially supports procedural and emotional Memory aspects. Declarative Memory profits already from rather short sleep periods (1-2 h). Procedural Memory profits seem more dose-dependent on the amount of sleep following the day after learning. Children's sleep with high amounts of SWS distinctly enhances declarative memories whereas elderly and psychiatric patients with disturbed sleep show impaired sleep-associated Consolidation often of declarative memories. Based on the constellation of psychological conditions identified we hypothesize that access to sleep-dependent Consolidation requires memories to be encoded under control of prefrontal-hippocampal circuitry, with the same circuitry controlling subsequent Consolidation during sleep.

  • immediate as well as delayed post learning sleep but not wakefulness enhances declarative Memory Consolidation in children
    Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2008
    Co-Authors: Jutta Backhaus, Jan Born, Fritz Hohagen, Ralf Hoeckesfeld, Klaus Junghanns
    Abstract:

    While there is mounting evidence for the importance of sleep for declarative Memory Consolidation in adults, so far this issue has not been investigated in children despite considerable differences in sleep duration and sleep architecture between children and adults. Here, 27 children (aged between 9 and 12yr) were examined on two conditions: on the Sleep-Wake condition, subjects learned word pairs in the evening and delayed recall was tested first in the next morning after sleep and then again in the following evening after daytime wakefulness. On the Wake-Sleep condition, learning took place in the morning and delayed recall was tested in the evening of the same day and again in the next morning after sleep. In both conditions retention of declarative Memory was significantly increased only after an interval of sleep that either followed immediately after learning (as in the Sleep-Wake condition) or that followed after daytime wakefulness (as in the Wake-Sleep condition), respectively. The results support the hypothesis that sleep plays an active role in declarative Memory Consolidation even if delayed and further show for the first time the importance of sleep for declarative Memory Consolidation during childhood.

  • midlife decline in declarative Memory Consolidation is correlated with a decline in slow wave sleep
    Learning & Memory, 2007
    Co-Authors: Jutta Backhaus, Jan Born, Fritz Hohagen, Ralf Hoeckesfeld, Sylvia Fokuhl, Klaus Junghanns
    Abstract:

    Sleep architecture as well as Memory function are strongly age dependent. Slow wave sleep (SWS), in particular, decreases dramatically with increasing age, starting already beyond the age of 30. SWS normally predominates during early nocturnal sleep and is implicated in declarative Memory Consolidation. However, the consequences of changes in sleep across the life span for sleep-associated Memory Consolidation have not been evaluated so far. Here, we compared declarative Memory Consolidation (for word-pair associates) during sleep in young and middle-aged healthy humans. The age groups (18–25 vs. 48–55 yr) did not differ with regard to learning performance before retention periods that covered, respectively, the first and second half of nocturnal sleep. However, after early retention sleep, where the younger subjects showed distinctly more SWS than the middle-aged (62.3 ± 3.7 min vs. 18.4 ± 7.2 min, P < 0.001), retrieval of the word pairs in the middle-aged was clearly worse than in the young (P < 0.001). In contrast, declarative Memory retention did not differ between groups after late sleep, where retention was generally worse than after early sleep (P = 0.005). Retention of declarative memories was the same in both age groups when sleep periods containing equal amounts of SWS were compared, i.e., across late sleep in the young and across early sleep in the middle-aged. Our results indicate a decline in sleep-associated declarative Memory Consolidation that develops already during midlife and is associated with a decrease in early nocturnal SWS.

  • combined blockade of cholinergic receptors shifts the brain from stimulus encoding to Memory Consolidation
    Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2006
    Co-Authors: Björn Rasch, Jan Born, Steffen Gais
    Abstract:

    High central nervous system levels of acetylcholine (ACh) are commonly regarded as crucial for learning and Memory, and a decline in cholinergic neurotransmission is associated with Alzheimer's dementia. However, recent findings revealed exceptions to this rule: The low ACh tone characterizing slowwave sleep (SWS) has proven necessary for Consolidation of hippocampus-dependent declarative memories during this sleep stage. Such observations, together with recent models of a hippocampal-neocortical dialogue underlying systems Memory Consolidation, suggest that high levels of ACh support Memory encoding, whereas low levels facilitate Consolidation. We tested this hypothesis in human subjects by blocking cholinergic neurotransmission during wakefulness, starting 30 min after learning. Subjects received the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine (4 µg/kg bodyweight intravenously) and the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (5 mg orally). Compared to placebo, combined muscarinic and nicotinic receptor blockade significantly improved Consolidation of declarative memories tested 10 hr later, but simultaneously impaired acquisition of similar material. Consolidation of procedural memories, which are not dependent on hippocampal functioning, was unaffected. Neither scopolamine nor mecamylamine alone enhanced declarative Memory Consolidation. Our findings support the notion that ACh acts as a switch between modes of acquisition and Consolidation. We propose that the natural shift in central nervous system cholinergic tone from high levels during wakefulness to minimal levels during SWS optimizes declarative Memory Consolidation during a period with no need for new Memory encoding.

  • Low acetylcholine during slow-wave sleep is critical for declarative Memory Consolidation
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004
    Co-Authors: Staffen Gais, Jan Born
    Abstract:

    The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is considered essential for proper functioning of the hippocampus-dependent declarative Memory system, and it represents a major neuropharmacological target for the treatment of Memory deficits, such as those in Alzheimer's disease. During slow-wave sleep (SWS), however, declarative Memory Consolidation is particularly strong, while acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus drop to a minimum. Observations in rats led to the hypothesis that the low cholinergic tone during SWS is necessary for the replay of new memories in the hippocampus and their long-term storage in neocortical networks. However, this low tone should not affect nondeclarative Memory systems. In this study, increasing central nervous cholinergic activation during SWS-rich sleep by posttrial infusion of 0.75 mg of the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine completely blocked SWS-related Consolidation of declarative memories for word pairs in human subjects. The treatment did not interfere with Consolidation of a nondeclarative mirror tracing task. Also, physostigmine did not alter Memory Consolidation during waking, when the endogenous central nervous cholinergic tone is maximal. These findings are in line with predictions that a low cholinergic tone during SWS is essential for declarative Memory Consolidation.

Toru Nishikawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • slow sleep spindle and procedural Memory Consolidation in patients with major depressive disorder
    Nature and Science of Sleep, 2016
    Co-Authors: Masaki Nishida, Yusaku Nakashima, Toru Nishikawa
    Abstract:

    INTRODUCTION: Evidence has accumulated, which indicates that, in healthy individuals, sleep enhances procedural Memory Consolidation, and that sleep spindle activity modulates this process. However, whether sleep-dependent procedural Memory Consolidation occurs in patients medicated for major depressive disorder remains unclear, as are the pharmacological and physiological mechanisms that underlie this process. METHODS: Healthy control participants (n=17) and patients medicated for major depressive disorder (n=11) were recruited and subjected to a finger-tapping motor sequence test (MST; nondominant hand) paradigm to compare the averaged scores of different learning phases (presleep, postsleep, and overnight improvement). Participants' brain activity was recorded during sleep with 16 electroencephalography channels (between MSTs). Sleep scoring and frequency analyses were performed on the electroencephalography data. Additionally, we evaluated sleep spindle activity, which divided the spindles into fast-frequency spindle activity (12.5-16 Hz) and slow-frequency spindle activity (10.5-12.5 Hz). RESULT: Sleep-dependent motor Memory Consolidation in patients with depression was impaired in comparison with that in control participants. In patients with depression, age correlated negatively with overnight improvement. The duration of slow-wave sleep correlated with the magnitude of motor Memory Consolidation in patients with depression, but not in healthy controls. Slow-frequency spindle activity was associated with reduction in the magnitude of motor Memory Consolidation in both groups. CONCLUSION: Because the changes in slow-frequency spindle activity affected the thalamocortical network dysfunction in patients medicated for depression, dysregulated spindle generation may impair sleep-dependent Memory Consolidation. Our findings may help to elucidate the cognitive deficits that occur in patients with major depression both in the waking state and during sleep. Language: en

  • slow sleep spindle and procedural Memory Consolidation in patients with major depressive disorder
    Nature and Science of Sleep, 2016
    Co-Authors: Masaki Nishida, Yusaku Nakashima, Toru Nishikawa
    Abstract:

    INTRODUCTION: Evidence has accumulated, which indicates that, in healthy individuals, sleep enhances procedural Memory Consolidation, and that sleep spindle activity modulates this process. However, whether sleep-dependent procedural Memory Consolidation occurs in patients medicated for major depressive disorder remains unclear, as are the pharmacological and physiological mechanisms that underlie this process. METHODS: Healthy control participants (n=17) and patients medicated for major depressive disorder (n=11) were recruited and subjected to a finger-tapping motor sequence test (MST; nondominant hand) paradigm to compare the averaged scores of different learning phases (presleep, postsleep, and overnight improvement). Participants' brain activity was recorded during sleep with 16 electroencephalography channels (between MSTs). Sleep scoring and frequency analyses were performed on the electroencephalography data. Additionally, we evaluated sleep spindle activity, which divided the spindles into fast-frequency spindle activity (12.5-16 Hz) and slow-frequency spindle activity (10.5-12.5 Hz). RESULT: Sleep-dependent motor Memory Consolidation in patients with depression was impaired in comparison with that in control participants. In patients with depression, age correlated negatively with overnight improvement. The duration of slow-wave sleep correlated with the magnitude of motor Memory Consolidation in patients with depression, but not in healthy controls. Slow-frequency spindle activity was associated with reduction in the magnitude of motor Memory Consolidation in both groups. CONCLUSION: Because the changes in slow-frequency spindle activity affected the thalamocortical network dysfunction in patients medicated for depression, dysregulated spindle generation may impair sleep-dependent Memory Consolidation. Our findings may help to elucidate the cognitive deficits that occur in patients with major depression both in the waking state and during sleep. Language: en

Julien Doyon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • transient synchronization of hippocampo striato thalamo cortical networks during sleep spindle oscillations induces motor Memory Consolidation
    NeuroImage, 2018
    Co-Authors: Arnaud Boutin, Stuart M Fogel, Julie Carrier, Basile Pinsard, Arnaud Bore, Julien Doyon
    Abstract:

    Abstract Sleep benefits motor Memory Consolidation. This mnemonic process is thought to be mediated by thalamo-cortical spindle activity during NREM-stage2 sleep episodes as well as changes in striatal and hippocampal activity. However, direct experimental evidence supporting the contribution of such sleep-dependent physiological mechanisms to motor Memory Consolidation in humans is lacking. In the present study, we combined EEG and fMRI sleep recordings following practice of a motor sequence learning (MSL) task to determine whether spindle oscillations support sleep-dependent motor Memory Consolidation by transiently synchronizing and coordinating specialized cortical and subcortical networks. To that end, we conducted EEG source reconstruction on spindle epochs in both cortical and subcortical regions using novel deep-source localization techniques. Coherence-based metrics were adopted to estimate functional connectivity between cortical and subcortical structures over specific frequency bands. Our findings not only confirm the critical and functional role of NREM-stage2 sleep spindles in motor skill Consolidation, but provide first-time evidence that spindle oscillations [11–17 Hz] may be involved in sleep-dependent motor Memory Consolidation by locally reactivating and functionally binding specific task-relevant cortical and subcortical regions within networks including the hippocampus, putamen, thalamus and motor-related cortical regions.

  • hippocampus and striatum dynamics and interaction during acquisition and sleep related motor sequence Memory Consolidation
    Hippocampus, 2013
    Co-Authors: Genevieve Albouy, Bradley R King, Pierre Maquet, Julien Doyon
    Abstract:

    While several models of Memory Consolidation have previously associated hippocampal activity with declarative Memory, there is now increasing evidence that the hippocampus also plays a crucial role in procedural Memory. Here, we review recent human functional neuroimaging studies demonstrating that the hippocampus is involved in the acquisition and sleep-related Consolidation of procedural memories, and motor sequence-based skills in particular. More specifically, we present evidence that hippocampal activity and its functional interactions with other brain structures, particularly competition with the striatum, contribute to initial learning of sequential motor behavior. Interestingly, these early cerebral representations in the hippocampus and striatum, which may interact through the prefrontal cortex, can even predict subsequent sleep-related Memory Consolidation processes. We propose that sleep can reorganize the activity within, as well as the functional interactions between, these structures, ultimately favoring overnight performance enhancement. Finally, we conclude by offering insights into the respective roles of these structures in procedural Memory Consolidation processes. We argue that, in the context of motor sequence Memory Consolidation, the hippocampal system triggers subsequent sleep-dependent performance enhancement whereas the striatal system is involved in the maintenance of the motor behavior over time.

Masaki Nishida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • slow sleep spindle and procedural Memory Consolidation in patients with major depressive disorder
    Nature and Science of Sleep, 2016
    Co-Authors: Masaki Nishida, Yusaku Nakashima, Toru Nishikawa
    Abstract:

    INTRODUCTION: Evidence has accumulated, which indicates that, in healthy individuals, sleep enhances procedural Memory Consolidation, and that sleep spindle activity modulates this process. However, whether sleep-dependent procedural Memory Consolidation occurs in patients medicated for major depressive disorder remains unclear, as are the pharmacological and physiological mechanisms that underlie this process. METHODS: Healthy control participants (n=17) and patients medicated for major depressive disorder (n=11) were recruited and subjected to a finger-tapping motor sequence test (MST; nondominant hand) paradigm to compare the averaged scores of different learning phases (presleep, postsleep, and overnight improvement). Participants' brain activity was recorded during sleep with 16 electroencephalography channels (between MSTs). Sleep scoring and frequency analyses were performed on the electroencephalography data. Additionally, we evaluated sleep spindle activity, which divided the spindles into fast-frequency spindle activity (12.5-16 Hz) and slow-frequency spindle activity (10.5-12.5 Hz). RESULT: Sleep-dependent motor Memory Consolidation in patients with depression was impaired in comparison with that in control participants. In patients with depression, age correlated negatively with overnight improvement. The duration of slow-wave sleep correlated with the magnitude of motor Memory Consolidation in patients with depression, but not in healthy controls. Slow-frequency spindle activity was associated with reduction in the magnitude of motor Memory Consolidation in both groups. CONCLUSION: Because the changes in slow-frequency spindle activity affected the thalamocortical network dysfunction in patients medicated for depression, dysregulated spindle generation may impair sleep-dependent Memory Consolidation. Our findings may help to elucidate the cognitive deficits that occur in patients with major depression both in the waking state and during sleep. Language: en

  • slow sleep spindle and procedural Memory Consolidation in patients with major depressive disorder
    Nature and Science of Sleep, 2016
    Co-Authors: Masaki Nishida, Yusaku Nakashima, Toru Nishikawa
    Abstract:

    INTRODUCTION: Evidence has accumulated, which indicates that, in healthy individuals, sleep enhances procedural Memory Consolidation, and that sleep spindle activity modulates this process. However, whether sleep-dependent procedural Memory Consolidation occurs in patients medicated for major depressive disorder remains unclear, as are the pharmacological and physiological mechanisms that underlie this process. METHODS: Healthy control participants (n=17) and patients medicated for major depressive disorder (n=11) were recruited and subjected to a finger-tapping motor sequence test (MST; nondominant hand) paradigm to compare the averaged scores of different learning phases (presleep, postsleep, and overnight improvement). Participants' brain activity was recorded during sleep with 16 electroencephalography channels (between MSTs). Sleep scoring and frequency analyses were performed on the electroencephalography data. Additionally, we evaluated sleep spindle activity, which divided the spindles into fast-frequency spindle activity (12.5-16 Hz) and slow-frequency spindle activity (10.5-12.5 Hz). RESULT: Sleep-dependent motor Memory Consolidation in patients with depression was impaired in comparison with that in control participants. In patients with depression, age correlated negatively with overnight improvement. The duration of slow-wave sleep correlated with the magnitude of motor Memory Consolidation in patients with depression, but not in healthy controls. Slow-frequency spindle activity was associated with reduction in the magnitude of motor Memory Consolidation in both groups. CONCLUSION: Because the changes in slow-frequency spindle activity affected the thalamocortical network dysfunction in patients medicated for depression, dysregulated spindle generation may impair sleep-dependent Memory Consolidation. Our findings may help to elucidate the cognitive deficits that occur in patients with major depression both in the waking state and during sleep. Language: en

  • Daytime naps, motor Memory Consolidation and regionally specific sleep spindles
    PLoS ONE, 2007
    Co-Authors: Masaki Nishida, Matthew P Walker
    Abstract:

    Increasing evidence demonstrates that motor-skill memories improve across a night of sleep, and that non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep commonly plays a role in orchestrating these Consolidation enhancements. Here we show the benefit of a daytime nap on motor Memory Consolidation and its relationship not simply with global sleep-stage measures, but unique characteristics of sleep spindles at regionally specific locations; mapping to the corresponding Memory representation.

Robert Stickgold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sleep spindles facilitate selective Memory Consolidation
    bioRxiv, 2020
    Co-Authors: Dan Denis, Dimitris S Mylonas, Craig Poskanzer, Verda Bursal, Jessica D Payne, Robert Stickgold
    Abstract:

    Sleep has been shown to be critical for Memory Consolidation, and recent research has demonstrated that this Consolidation effect is selective, with certain memories being prioritized for strengthening. Initial strength of a Memory appears to be one metric the brain uses to prioritize Memory traces for sleep-based Consolidation, but the role of Consolidation-mediating cortical oscillations, such as sleep spindles and slow oscillations, has not been explored. Here, N=54 participants studied pairs of words to three distinct encoding strengths, with recall being tested immediately following learning and again six hours later. N=36 had a two-hour afternoon nap opportunity following learning, whilst the remaining (n=18) remained awake throughout. Results showed a selective benefit of sleep on Memory, with sleep preferentially consolidating weakly encoded items (p=.003). The magnitude of this effect (d=0.90, 95% CI=0.29-1.50) was similar when compared to a previous study examining the benefits of a full night of sleep (d=1.36, 95% CI=0.59-2.12). Within the nap group, Consolidation of weakly encoded items was associated with sleep spindle density during slow wave sleep (r=.48, p=.003). This association was present when separately examining spindles coupled (r=.41, p=.013), and uncoupled (r=.44, p=.007) with slow oscillations. Memory was significantly better in individuals who showed an amount of slow oscillation-spindle coupling that was greater than what would be expected by chance (p=.006, d=1.15). These relationships were unique to weakly encoded items, with spindles not correlating with Memory for intermediate or strong items. This suggests that sleep spindles facilitate selective Memory Consolidation, guided in part by Memory strength.

  • abnormal sleep spindles Memory Consolidation and schizophrenia
    Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Dara S Manoach, Robert Stickgold
    Abstract:

    There is overwhelming evidence that sleep is crucial for Memory Consolidation. Patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected relatives have a specific deficit in sleep spindles, a defining oscillation of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) Stage 2 sleep that, in coordination with other NREM oscillations, mediate Memory Consolidation. In schizophrenia, the spindle deficit correlates with impaired sleep-dependent Memory Consolidation, positive symptoms, and abnormal thalamocortical connectivity. These relations point to dysfunction of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), which generates spindles, gates the relay of sensory information to the cortex, and modulates thalamocortical communication. Genetic studies are beginning to provide clues to possible neurodevelopmental origins of TRN-mediated thalamocortical circuit dysfunction and to identify novel targets for treating the related Memory deficits and symptoms. By forging empirical links in causal chains from risk genes to thalamocortical circuit dysfunction, spindle deficits, Memory impairment, symptoms, and diagnosis, future research can advance our mechanistic understanding, treatment, and prevention of schizophrenia.

  • reduced sleep spindles and spindle coherence in schizophrenia mechanisms of impaired Memory Consolidation
    Biological Psychiatry, 2012
    Co-Authors: Erin J Wamsley, Robert Stickgold, Matthew A Tucker, Ann K Shinn, Kim E Ono, Sophia K Mckinley, Alice V Ely, Donald C Goff, Dara S Manoach
    Abstract:

    Background Sleep spindles are thought to induce synaptic changes and thereby contribute to Memory Consolidation during sleep. Patients with schizophrenia show dramatic reductions of both spindles and sleep-dependent Memory Consolidation, which may be causally related. Methods To examine the relations of sleep spindle activity to sleep-dependent Consolidation of motor procedural Memory, 21 chronic, medicated schizophrenia outpatients and 17 healthy volunteers underwent polysomnography on two consecutive nights. On the second night, participants were trained on the finger-tapping motor sequence task (MST) at bedtime and tested the following morning. The number, density, frequency, duration, amplitude, spectral content, and coherence of stage 2 sleep spindles were compared between groups and examined in relation to overnight changes in MST performance. Results Patients failed to show overnight improvement on the MST and differed significantly from control participants who did improve. Patients also exhibited marked reductions in the density (reduced 38% relative to control participants), number (reduced 36%), and coherence (reduced 19%) of sleep spindles but showed no abnormalities in the morphology of individual spindles or of sleep architecture. In patients, reduced spindle number and density predicted less overnight improvement on the MST. In addition, reduced amplitude and sigma power of individual spindles correlated with greater severity of positive symptoms. Conclusions The observed sleep spindle abnormalities implicate thalamocortical network dysfunction in schizophrenia. In addition, the findings suggest that abnormal spindle generation impairs sleep-dependent Memory Consolidation in schizophrenia, contributes to positive symptoms, and is a promising novel target for the treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

  • sleep dependent Memory Consolidation and reConsolidation
    Sleep Medicine, 2007
    Co-Authors: Robert Stickgold, Matthew P Walker
    Abstract:

    Molecular, cellular, and systems-level processes convert initial, labile Memory representations into more permanent ones, available for continued reactivation and recall over extended periods of time. These processes of Memory Consolidation and reConsolidation are not all-or-none phenomena, but rather a continuing series of biological adjustments that enhance both the efficiency and utility of stored memories over time. In this chapter, we review the role of sleep in supporting these disparate but related processes.

  • Sleep-dependent learning and Memory Consolidation
    Neuron, 2004
    Co-Authors: Matthew P Walker, Robert Stickgold
    Abstract:

    While the functions of sleep remain largely unknown, one of the most exciting and contentious hypotheses is that sleep contributes importantly to Memory. A large number of studies offer a substantive body of evidence supporting this role of sleep in what is becoming known as sleep-dependent Memory processing. This review will provide evidence of sleep-dependent Memory Consolidation and sleep-dependent brain plasticity and is divided into five sections: (1) an overview of sleep stages, Memory categories, and the distinct stages of Memory development; (2) a review of the specific relationships between sleep and Memory, both in humans and animals; (3) a survey of evidence describing sleep-dependent brain plasticity, including human brain imaging studies as well as animal studies of cellular neurophysiology and molecular biology. We close (4) with a consideration of unanswered questions as well as existing arguments against the role of sleep in learning and Memory and (5) a concluding summary.