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Rafaele J C Huntjens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • inter identity amnesia for neutral episodic self referential and autobiographical Memory in dissociative identity disorder an assessment of recall and recognition
    PLOS ONE, 2021
    Co-Authors: Rosemary J Marsh, Martin J Dorahy, Chandele Butler, Warwick Middleton, Peter J De Jong, Simon Kemp, Rafaele J C Huntjens
    Abstract:

    Amnesia is a core diagnostic criterion for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), however previous research has indicated Memory Transfer. As DID has been conceptualised as being a disorder of distinct identities, in this experiment, behavioral tasks were used to assess the nature of amnesia for episodic 1) self-referential and 2) autobiographical memories across identities. Nineteen DID participants, 16 DID simulators, 21 partial information, and 20 full information comparison participants from the general population were recruited. In the first study, participants were presented with two vignettes (DID and simulator participants received one in each of two identities) and asked to imagine themselves in the situations outlined. The second study used a similar methodology but with tasks assessing autobiographical experience. Subjectively, all DID participants reported amnesia for events that occurred in the other identity. On free recall and recognition tasks they presented a Memory profile of amnesia similar to simulators instructed to feign amnesia and partial information comparisons. Yet, on tests of recognition, DID participants recognized significantly more of the event that occurred in another identity than simulator and partial information comparisons. As such, results indicate that the DID performance profile was not accounted for by true or feigned amnesia, lending support to the idea that reported amnesia may be more of a perceived than actual Memory impairment.

  • Memory Transfer for emotionally valenced words between identities in dissociative identity disorder
    Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2007
    Co-Authors: Rafaele J C Huntjens, Liesbeth Woertman, Onno Hart, Madelon L Peters, Albert Postma
    Abstract:

    The present study aimed to determine interidentity retrieval of emotionally valenced words in dissociative identity disorder (DID). Twenty-two DID patients participated together with 25 normal controls and 25 controls instructed to simulate DID. Two wordlists A and B were constructed including neutral, positive and negative material. List A was shown to one identity, while list B was shown to another identity claiming total amnesia for the words learned by the first identity. The identity claiming amnesia was tested for intrusions from list A words into the recall of words from list B and recognition of the words learned by both identities. Test results indicated no evidence of total interidentity amnesia for emotionally valenced material in DID. It is argued that dissociative amnesia in DID may more adequately be described as a disturbance in meta-Memory functioning instead of an actual retrieval inability.

  • interidentity amnesia for neutral episodic information in dissociative identity disorder
    Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Rafaele J C Huntjens, Albert Postma, Liesbeth Woertman, Madelon L Peters, Onno Hart
    Abstract:

    Interidentity amnesia is considered a hallmark of dissociative identity disorder (DID) in clinical practice. In this study, objective methods of testing episodic Memory Transfer between identities were used. Tests of both recall (interference paradigm) and recognition were used. A sample of 31 DID patients was included. Additionally, 50 control subjects participated, half functioning as normal controls and the other half simulating interidentity amnesia. Twenty-one patients subjectively reported complete one-way amnesia for the learning episode. However, objectively, neither recall nor recognition scores of patients were different from those of normal controls. It is suggested that clinical models of amnesia in DID may be specified to exclude episodic Memory impairments for emotionally neutral material.

  • perceptual and conceptual priming in patients with dissociative identity disorder
    Memory & Cognition, 2002
    Co-Authors: Rafaele J C Huntjens, Ellen L Hamaker, Albert Postma, Liesbeth Woertman, Onno Hart, Madelon L Peters
    Abstract:

    The present study examined implicit Memory Transfer in patients with dissociative identity disorder (DID). To determine priming impairments in DID, we included both several perceptual priming tasks and a conceptual priming task using neutral material. We tested a large sample of DID patients (n=31), in addition to 25 controls and 25 DID simulators, comparable on sex, age, and education. Controls replicated conceptual priming results of Vriezen, Moscovitch, and Bellos (1995) by showing that conceptual priming seems to require the formation of domain-specific semantic representations, denoting either sensory or functional object attributes. We extended a study performed by Schacter, Cooper, and Delaney (1990) by demonstrating priming for impossible objects using the sensitive priming index of response times. The simulators in the study were not able to simulate interidentity amnesia on the implicit Memory tasks employed. Partly in contrast to participants in previous studies, DID patients showed evidence of perceptual priming as well as conceptual priming comparable to that of controls. DID patients thus displayed normal implicit Memory performance.

Onno Hart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Memory Transfer for emotionally valenced words between identities in dissociative identity disorder
    Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2007
    Co-Authors: Rafaele J C Huntjens, Liesbeth Woertman, Onno Hart, Madelon L Peters, Albert Postma
    Abstract:

    The present study aimed to determine interidentity retrieval of emotionally valenced words in dissociative identity disorder (DID). Twenty-two DID patients participated together with 25 normal controls and 25 controls instructed to simulate DID. Two wordlists A and B were constructed including neutral, positive and negative material. List A was shown to one identity, while list B was shown to another identity claiming total amnesia for the words learned by the first identity. The identity claiming amnesia was tested for intrusions from list A words into the recall of words from list B and recognition of the words learned by both identities. Test results indicated no evidence of total interidentity amnesia for emotionally valenced material in DID. It is argued that dissociative amnesia in DID may more adequately be described as a disturbance in meta-Memory functioning instead of an actual retrieval inability.

  • interidentity amnesia for neutral episodic information in dissociative identity disorder
    Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Rafaele J C Huntjens, Albert Postma, Liesbeth Woertman, Madelon L Peters, Onno Hart
    Abstract:

    Interidentity amnesia is considered a hallmark of dissociative identity disorder (DID) in clinical practice. In this study, objective methods of testing episodic Memory Transfer between identities were used. Tests of both recall (interference paradigm) and recognition were used. A sample of 31 DID patients was included. Additionally, 50 control subjects participated, half functioning as normal controls and the other half simulating interidentity amnesia. Twenty-one patients subjectively reported complete one-way amnesia for the learning episode. However, objectively, neither recall nor recognition scores of patients were different from those of normal controls. It is suggested that clinical models of amnesia in DID may be specified to exclude episodic Memory impairments for emotionally neutral material.

  • perceptual and conceptual priming in patients with dissociative identity disorder
    Memory & Cognition, 2002
    Co-Authors: Rafaele J C Huntjens, Ellen L Hamaker, Albert Postma, Liesbeth Woertman, Onno Hart, Madelon L Peters
    Abstract:

    The present study examined implicit Memory Transfer in patients with dissociative identity disorder (DID). To determine priming impairments in DID, we included both several perceptual priming tasks and a conceptual priming task using neutral material. We tested a large sample of DID patients (n=31), in addition to 25 controls and 25 DID simulators, comparable on sex, age, and education. Controls replicated conceptual priming results of Vriezen, Moscovitch, and Bellos (1995) by showing that conceptual priming seems to require the formation of domain-specific semantic representations, denoting either sensory or functional object attributes. We extended a study performed by Schacter, Cooper, and Delaney (1990) by demonstrating priming for impossible objects using the sensitive priming index of response times. The simulators in the study were not able to simulate interidentity amnesia on the implicit Memory tasks employed. Partly in contrast to participants in previous studies, DID patients showed evidence of perceptual priming as well as conceptual priming comparable to that of controls. DID patients thus displayed normal implicit Memory performance.

Madelon L Peters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Memory Transfer for emotionally valenced words between identities in dissociative identity disorder
    Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2007
    Co-Authors: Rafaele J C Huntjens, Liesbeth Woertman, Onno Hart, Madelon L Peters, Albert Postma
    Abstract:

    The present study aimed to determine interidentity retrieval of emotionally valenced words in dissociative identity disorder (DID). Twenty-two DID patients participated together with 25 normal controls and 25 controls instructed to simulate DID. Two wordlists A and B were constructed including neutral, positive and negative material. List A was shown to one identity, while list B was shown to another identity claiming total amnesia for the words learned by the first identity. The identity claiming amnesia was tested for intrusions from list A words into the recall of words from list B and recognition of the words learned by both identities. Test results indicated no evidence of total interidentity amnesia for emotionally valenced material in DID. It is argued that dissociative amnesia in DID may more adequately be described as a disturbance in meta-Memory functioning instead of an actual retrieval inability.

  • interidentity amnesia for neutral episodic information in dissociative identity disorder
    Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Rafaele J C Huntjens, Albert Postma, Liesbeth Woertman, Madelon L Peters, Onno Hart
    Abstract:

    Interidentity amnesia is considered a hallmark of dissociative identity disorder (DID) in clinical practice. In this study, objective methods of testing episodic Memory Transfer between identities were used. Tests of both recall (interference paradigm) and recognition were used. A sample of 31 DID patients was included. Additionally, 50 control subjects participated, half functioning as normal controls and the other half simulating interidentity amnesia. Twenty-one patients subjectively reported complete one-way amnesia for the learning episode. However, objectively, neither recall nor recognition scores of patients were different from those of normal controls. It is suggested that clinical models of amnesia in DID may be specified to exclude episodic Memory impairments for emotionally neutral material.

  • perceptual and conceptual priming in patients with dissociative identity disorder
    Memory & Cognition, 2002
    Co-Authors: Rafaele J C Huntjens, Ellen L Hamaker, Albert Postma, Liesbeth Woertman, Onno Hart, Madelon L Peters
    Abstract:

    The present study examined implicit Memory Transfer in patients with dissociative identity disorder (DID). To determine priming impairments in DID, we included both several perceptual priming tasks and a conceptual priming task using neutral material. We tested a large sample of DID patients (n=31), in addition to 25 controls and 25 DID simulators, comparable on sex, age, and education. Controls replicated conceptual priming results of Vriezen, Moscovitch, and Bellos (1995) by showing that conceptual priming seems to require the formation of domain-specific semantic representations, denoting either sensory or functional object attributes. We extended a study performed by Schacter, Cooper, and Delaney (1990) by demonstrating priming for impossible objects using the sensitive priming index of response times. The simulators in the study were not able to simulate interidentity amnesia on the implicit Memory tasks employed. Partly in contrast to participants in previous studies, DID patients showed evidence of perceptual priming as well as conceptual priming comparable to that of controls. DID patients thus displayed normal implicit Memory performance.

Rosemary J Marsh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • inter identity amnesia for neutral episodic self referential and autobiographical Memory in dissociative identity disorder an assessment of recall and recognition
    PLOS ONE, 2021
    Co-Authors: Rosemary J Marsh, Martin J Dorahy, Chandele Butler, Warwick Middleton, Peter J De Jong, Simon Kemp, Rafaele J C Huntjens
    Abstract:

    Amnesia is a core diagnostic criterion for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), however previous research has indicated Memory Transfer. As DID has been conceptualised as being a disorder of distinct identities, in this experiment, behavioral tasks were used to assess the nature of amnesia for episodic 1) self-referential and 2) autobiographical memories across identities. Nineteen DID participants, 16 DID simulators, 21 partial information, and 20 full information comparison participants from the general population were recruited. In the first study, participants were presented with two vignettes (DID and simulator participants received one in each of two identities) and asked to imagine themselves in the situations outlined. The second study used a similar methodology but with tasks assessing autobiographical experience. Subjectively, all DID participants reported amnesia for events that occurred in the other identity. On free recall and recognition tasks they presented a Memory profile of amnesia similar to simulators instructed to feign amnesia and partial information comparisons. Yet, on tests of recognition, DID participants recognized significantly more of the event that occurred in another identity than simulator and partial information comparisons. As such, results indicate that the DID performance profile was not accounted for by true or feigned amnesia, lending support to the idea that reported amnesia may be more of a perceived than actual Memory impairment.

Albert Postma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Memory Transfer for emotionally valenced words between identities in dissociative identity disorder
    Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2007
    Co-Authors: Rafaele J C Huntjens, Liesbeth Woertman, Onno Hart, Madelon L Peters, Albert Postma
    Abstract:

    The present study aimed to determine interidentity retrieval of emotionally valenced words in dissociative identity disorder (DID). Twenty-two DID patients participated together with 25 normal controls and 25 controls instructed to simulate DID. Two wordlists A and B were constructed including neutral, positive and negative material. List A was shown to one identity, while list B was shown to another identity claiming total amnesia for the words learned by the first identity. The identity claiming amnesia was tested for intrusions from list A words into the recall of words from list B and recognition of the words learned by both identities. Test results indicated no evidence of total interidentity amnesia for emotionally valenced material in DID. It is argued that dissociative amnesia in DID may more adequately be described as a disturbance in meta-Memory functioning instead of an actual retrieval inability.

  • interidentity amnesia for neutral episodic information in dissociative identity disorder
    Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Rafaele J C Huntjens, Albert Postma, Liesbeth Woertman, Madelon L Peters, Onno Hart
    Abstract:

    Interidentity amnesia is considered a hallmark of dissociative identity disorder (DID) in clinical practice. In this study, objective methods of testing episodic Memory Transfer between identities were used. Tests of both recall (interference paradigm) and recognition were used. A sample of 31 DID patients was included. Additionally, 50 control subjects participated, half functioning as normal controls and the other half simulating interidentity amnesia. Twenty-one patients subjectively reported complete one-way amnesia for the learning episode. However, objectively, neither recall nor recognition scores of patients were different from those of normal controls. It is suggested that clinical models of amnesia in DID may be specified to exclude episodic Memory impairments for emotionally neutral material.

  • perceptual and conceptual priming in patients with dissociative identity disorder
    Memory & Cognition, 2002
    Co-Authors: Rafaele J C Huntjens, Ellen L Hamaker, Albert Postma, Liesbeth Woertman, Onno Hart, Madelon L Peters
    Abstract:

    The present study examined implicit Memory Transfer in patients with dissociative identity disorder (DID). To determine priming impairments in DID, we included both several perceptual priming tasks and a conceptual priming task using neutral material. We tested a large sample of DID patients (n=31), in addition to 25 controls and 25 DID simulators, comparable on sex, age, and education. Controls replicated conceptual priming results of Vriezen, Moscovitch, and Bellos (1995) by showing that conceptual priming seems to require the formation of domain-specific semantic representations, denoting either sensory or functional object attributes. We extended a study performed by Schacter, Cooper, and Delaney (1990) by demonstrating priming for impossible objects using the sensitive priming index of response times. The simulators in the study were not able to simulate interidentity amnesia on the implicit Memory tasks employed. Partly in contrast to participants in previous studies, DID patients showed evidence of perceptual priming as well as conceptual priming comparable to that of controls. DID patients thus displayed normal implicit Memory performance.