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J E Christian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • thermal breaking systems for Metal Stud walls can Metal Stud walls perform as well as wood Stud walls
    1997
    Co-Authors: J Kosny, J E Christian, Andre Omer Desjarlais
    Abstract:

    Metal Stud wall systems for residential buildings are gaining in popularity. Strong thermal bridges caused by highly conductive Metal Studs degrade the thermal performance of such walls. Several wall configurations have been developed to improve their thermal performance. The authors tried to evaluate some of these wall systems. The thermal performance of Metal Stud walls is frequently compared with that of wood Stud walls. A reduction of the in-cavity R-value caused by the wood Studs is about 10% in wood Stud walls. In Metal Stud walls, thermal bridges generated by the Metal components reduce their thermal performance by up to 55%. Today, Metal Stud walls are believed to be considerably less thermally effective than similar systems made of wood because steel has much higher thermal conductivity than wood. Relatively high R-values may be achieved by installing insulating sheathing, which is now widely recommended as the remedy for weak thermal performance of Metal Stud walls. A series of promising Metal Stud wall configurations was analyzed. Some of these walls were designed and tested by the authors, some were tested in other laboratories, and some were developed and forgotten a long time ago. Several types of thermal breaking systems were used inmore » these walls. Two- and three-dimensional finite-difference computer simulations were used to analyze 20 Metal Stud wall configurations. Also, a series of hot-box tests were conducted on several of these walls. Test results for 22 additional Metal Stud walls were analyzed. Most of these walls contained conventional Metal Studs. Commonly used fiberglass and EPS were used as insulation materials. The most promising Metal Stud wall configurations have reductions in the center-of-cavity R-values of less than 20%.« less

  • Metal Stud Wall Systems — Thermal Disaster, or Modern Wall Systems With Highly Efficient Thermal Insulation?
    ASTM special technical publications, 1997
    Co-Authors: J Kośny, J E Christian, Andre Omer Desjarlais
    Abstract:

    Metal Stud wall systems for residential building are gaining in popularity. Thanks to their low cost, construction simplicity, and similarity to the existing wood frame technology, Metal Stud wall systems can share a considerable part of the residential and commercial markets, very soon. The prognosis of American Iron and Steel Institute predicts that in 1997 about 25% of the new residential buildings will be assembled with the use of Metal Stud's technologies in the U.S.A. The application of the light gage Metal technologies in building has either economical or environmental aspects, because the replacement of the construction lumber by Metal wall and roof components can reduce construction costs but also save a forest. In addition, Metal Studs are 100% recyclable material. The authors believe that tremendous markets are available around the world for the deployment of the Metal Stud wall technologies. A deployment of the Metal Stud wall technologies can create a great chance for modern, low-cost and energy efficient buildings in many world regions. This system has been already successfully introduced in Europe, Central and South America, Australia and New Zealand. However, these technologies require serious redesign to improve their thermal performances. Commonly, commercially available Metal Stud wall systems are initially designed by simple replacement of wood Studs, joists, headers, etc., by structurally equivalent Metal components. Metal substitutes of the wood structure are very often being installed without consideration of the difference in thermal conductivity between wood and Metal. Strong thermal bridges caused by highly conductive Metal components worsen thermal performance of these walls. In Metal Stud walls, the reduction of the in-cavity R-value can reach 50%. Because steel has higher thermal conductivity than wood and intense heat transfer occurs through the Metal wall components, thermal performances of a Metal Stud wall are significantly lower than for similar wood Stud walls. A reduction of the in-cavity R-value caused by the wood Studs is about 10% in wood Stud walls. That is why Metal Stud walls are believed to be considerably less thermally effective than similar made of wood. However, properly designed Metal Stud walls can be as thermally effective as wood Stud walls. Relatively high R-values may be achieved by installing insulating sheathing, which is widely used as a remedy for a weak thermal performance of Metal Stud walls. A series of the promising Metal Stud wall configurations is analyzed using results of finite difference computer modeling and guarded hotbox tests. Some of these walls were designed and tested in the ORNL Building Technology Center, some were tested in other laboratories, and some walls were developed and forgotten long time ago. Also, a novel concept of combined foam -Metal Studs is considered. The main aim of the present paper is to proof that it is possible to build Metal Stud walls performing as well as wood Stud walls. The key lies in designing; Metal Stud wall systems have to be treated in special way with particular consideration to the high thermal conduction of Metal components. In the discussed collection of the efficient Metal Stud wall configurations, reductions of the in-cavity R-value caused by Metal Studs are between 10 and 20%.

  • Reducing the uncertainties associated with using the ASHRAE zone method for R-value calculations of Metal frame walls
    1995
    Co-Authors: J Kosny, J E Christian
    Abstract:

    Several authors report the accuracy of the ASHRAE zone method of R-value calculation of Metal frame walls as unsatisfactory. A series of more than 1,000 two-dimensional computer simulations was conducted for several Metal frame wall configurations. Several wall design parameters, such as Stud spacing, Stud (depth) size, Stud flange size, Stud Metal thickness, thermal resistance of cavity insulation, and thermal resistance of exterior sheathing, were considered during modeling. This allowed the influence of each above-mentioned designing parameter on Metal frame wall thermal performance to be assessed. Wall R-values calculated by the ASHRAE zone method were compared with the results of the computer simulation. The comparison showed that the differences in the thermal calculations are caused by the Metal Stud zone area estimation. Based on results of finite-difference thermal modeling and regression analysis, a new, more precise technique of estimating zones of thermal anomalies caused by Metal Studs for Metal frame walls was developed. The effects of several wall design parameters were calculated. An improved method of R-value predictions for Metal frame walls is proposed.

  • thermal evaluation of several configurations of insulation and structural materials for some Metal Stud walls
    Energy and Buildings, 1995
    Co-Authors: Jan Kosny, J E Christian
    Abstract:

    A series of two- and three-dimensional computer simulations was conducted for several Metal Stud walls. The Heating 7.2 finite difference computer code, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was used to model walls and their components. Maps of the temperature distribution in walls, their components, and the areas where walls intersect with other building structures were developed. These maps were used as an aid to estimate the areas of zones affected by existing thermal bridges and to calculate R-values for these areas. These R-values were used to calculate average R-values for whole walls and estimate the thermal effects of wall details. Using simulated R-values, several configurations of wall insulation were examined.

Aaron Betit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Investigation into the acoustical performance of single Stud steel wall assemblies
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2012
    Co-Authors: John Loverde, Wayland Dong, Aaron Betit
    Abstract:

    The draft “Interim sound and vibration design guidelines for hospital and healthcare facilities” by the Joint Subcommittee on Speech Privacy of the ASA includes recommended STC ratings for partitions between exam rooms. In a typical hospital, these partitions are about 15 feet high and constructed with 16 gauge Studs at 16 inches on center. However, virtually all laboratory testing is performed on 8 foot high walls with 25 gauge Studs at 24 in. on center. These tests are used for design and evaluation even though there is little published data on the effects of Stud gauge and spacing and wall height on transmission loss. A previous Study investigated the acoustical effects of Stud gauge and spacing, and documented substantial changes in transmission loss and STC rating [A. Betit, “Performance Dtails of Metal Stud Partition,” J. Sound and Vibration, 44(3), 14–16 (2010)]. A second testing program was established to extend the investigation to the effect of changes in wall height. Transmission loss (STC) tes...

  • performance details of Metal Stud partitions
    Sound and Vibration, 2010
    Co-Authors: Aaron Betit
    Abstract:

    STC (Sound Transmission Coefficient) test results are presented for a variety of drywall partitions. Stud configurations and spacing were evaluated relative to design guidelines for hospital and health care facilities. The data showed that using partitions with Studs installed 406 mm on center will significantly reduce the sound transmission loss provided in the lower frequencies. However, if the Stud is less than 25 gauge, the change for the measured STC was relatively insignificant. Within the acoustical consulting community, relatively little is heard about exact values of sound transmission loss changes for drywall partitions as the Metal Studs become heavier or the distance between Studs changes. In published guidelines, stiffer wall requirements dictated by structural codes are not always translated to recommended STC requirements published by professional associations. As an example, the draft “Interim Sound and Vibration Design Guidelines for Hospital and Healthcare Facilities” drafted by members of the Joint Subcommittee on Speech Privacy of the ASA recommends STC 50 partitions between exam rooms with no masking sound provided. In hospitals, with 4.75-m floor-tofloor heights, 16-gauge Studs installed 406 mm on center can be a requirement for structural reasons. To help provide exact numbers to the change caused by stiffer wall construction sound transmission loss (STC) tests were performed on a variety of drywall partitions. The tests show that there was a measurable decrease in STC values as the Stud becomes heavier and as the spacing between Studs decreases. The measurements indicate that when comparing similar partitions, a 25-gauge Metal Stud wall was usually 4-5 STC points higher than 20- and 16-gauge Stud walls. Comparing similar partitions, there

  • a comparison of sound transmission loss on Metal Stud partitions as the Stud configuration changes
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2009
    Co-Authors: Aaron Betit
    Abstract:

    The draft “Interim sound and vibration design guidelines for hospital and healthcare facilities” drafted by the Joint Subcommittee on Speech Privacy of the ASA recommends STC 50 partitions between exam rooms with no masking sound provided. These partitions are typically constructed of multiple layers of gypsum board on single steel Studs, which are widely believed to achieve the required ratings based on published test reports. However, virtually all laboratory testing is with 25 gauge Studs 24 in. on center, whereas with a 15 ft floor to floor height typical of hospitals, 16 in. gauge Studs installed 16 in. on center are often required for structural reasons. There is little published data on the changes in sound transmission loss changes with Stud gauge and spacing. A testing program was established, and transmission loss (STC) tests were performed on drywall partitions with various configurations of Stud gauges, spacing, and layers of drywall. Measureable decrease in transmission loss as the Studs become heavier and as the spacing between Studs decreases was measured. The results of the testing program are presented.

  • A comparison of sound transmission loss on Metal Stud partitions as the Stud configuration changes.
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2009
    Co-Authors: Aaron Betit
    Abstract:

    The draft “Interim sound and vibration design guidelines for hospital and healthcare facilities” drafted by the Joint Subcommittee on Speech Privacy of the ASA recommends STC 50 partitions between exam rooms with no masking sound provided. These partitions are typically constructed of multiple layers of gypsum board on single steel Studs, which are widely believed to achieve the required ratings based on published test reports. However, virtually all laboratory testing is with 25 gauge Studs 24 in. on center, whereas with a 15 ft floor to floor height typical of hospitals, 16 in. gauge Studs installed 16 in. on center are often required for structural reasons. There is little published data on the changes in sound transmission loss changes with Stud gauge and spacing. A testing program was established, and transmission loss (STC) tests were performed on drywall partitions with various configurations of Stud gauges, spacing, and layers of drywall. Measureable decrease in transmission loss as the Studs beco...

Hermesbags - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Jan Kosny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • thermal evaluation of several configurations of insulation and structural materials for some Metal Stud walls
    Energy and Buildings, 1995
    Co-Authors: Jan Kosny, J E Christian
    Abstract:

    A series of two- and three-dimensional computer simulations was conducted for several Metal Stud walls. The Heating 7.2 finite difference computer code, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was used to model walls and their components. Maps of the temperature distribution in walls, their components, and the areas where walls intersect with other building structures were developed. These maps were used as an aid to estimate the areas of zones affected by existing thermal bridges and to calculate R-values for these areas. These R-values were used to calculate average R-values for whole walls and estimate the thermal effects of wall details. Using simulated R-values, several configurations of wall insulation were examined.

Andre Omer Desjarlais - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • thermal breaking systems for Metal Stud walls can Metal Stud walls perform as well as wood Stud walls
    1997
    Co-Authors: J Kosny, J E Christian, Andre Omer Desjarlais
    Abstract:

    Metal Stud wall systems for residential buildings are gaining in popularity. Strong thermal bridges caused by highly conductive Metal Studs degrade the thermal performance of such walls. Several wall configurations have been developed to improve their thermal performance. The authors tried to evaluate some of these wall systems. The thermal performance of Metal Stud walls is frequently compared with that of wood Stud walls. A reduction of the in-cavity R-value caused by the wood Studs is about 10% in wood Stud walls. In Metal Stud walls, thermal bridges generated by the Metal components reduce their thermal performance by up to 55%. Today, Metal Stud walls are believed to be considerably less thermally effective than similar systems made of wood because steel has much higher thermal conductivity than wood. Relatively high R-values may be achieved by installing insulating sheathing, which is now widely recommended as the remedy for weak thermal performance of Metal Stud walls. A series of promising Metal Stud wall configurations was analyzed. Some of these walls were designed and tested by the authors, some were tested in other laboratories, and some were developed and forgotten a long time ago. Several types of thermal breaking systems were used inmore » these walls. Two- and three-dimensional finite-difference computer simulations were used to analyze 20 Metal Stud wall configurations. Also, a series of hot-box tests were conducted on several of these walls. Test results for 22 additional Metal Stud walls were analyzed. Most of these walls contained conventional Metal Studs. Commonly used fiberglass and EPS were used as insulation materials. The most promising Metal Stud wall configurations have reductions in the center-of-cavity R-values of less than 20%.« less

  • Metal Stud Wall Systems — Thermal Disaster, or Modern Wall Systems With Highly Efficient Thermal Insulation?
    ASTM special technical publications, 1997
    Co-Authors: J Kośny, J E Christian, Andre Omer Desjarlais
    Abstract:

    Metal Stud wall systems for residential building are gaining in popularity. Thanks to their low cost, construction simplicity, and similarity to the existing wood frame technology, Metal Stud wall systems can share a considerable part of the residential and commercial markets, very soon. The prognosis of American Iron and Steel Institute predicts that in 1997 about 25% of the new residential buildings will be assembled with the use of Metal Stud's technologies in the U.S.A. The application of the light gage Metal technologies in building has either economical or environmental aspects, because the replacement of the construction lumber by Metal wall and roof components can reduce construction costs but also save a forest. In addition, Metal Studs are 100% recyclable material. The authors believe that tremendous markets are available around the world for the deployment of the Metal Stud wall technologies. A deployment of the Metal Stud wall technologies can create a great chance for modern, low-cost and energy efficient buildings in many world regions. This system has been already successfully introduced in Europe, Central and South America, Australia and New Zealand. However, these technologies require serious redesign to improve their thermal performances. Commonly, commercially available Metal Stud wall systems are initially designed by simple replacement of wood Studs, joists, headers, etc., by structurally equivalent Metal components. Metal substitutes of the wood structure are very often being installed without consideration of the difference in thermal conductivity between wood and Metal. Strong thermal bridges caused by highly conductive Metal components worsen thermal performance of these walls. In Metal Stud walls, the reduction of the in-cavity R-value can reach 50%. Because steel has higher thermal conductivity than wood and intense heat transfer occurs through the Metal wall components, thermal performances of a Metal Stud wall are significantly lower than for similar wood Stud walls. A reduction of the in-cavity R-value caused by the wood Studs is about 10% in wood Stud walls. That is why Metal Stud walls are believed to be considerably less thermally effective than similar made of wood. However, properly designed Metal Stud walls can be as thermally effective as wood Stud walls. Relatively high R-values may be achieved by installing insulating sheathing, which is widely used as a remedy for a weak thermal performance of Metal Stud walls. A series of the promising Metal Stud wall configurations is analyzed using results of finite difference computer modeling and guarded hotbox tests. Some of these walls were designed and tested in the ORNL Building Technology Center, some were tested in other laboratories, and some walls were developed and forgotten long time ago. Also, a novel concept of combined foam -Metal Studs is considered. The main aim of the present paper is to proof that it is possible to build Metal Stud walls performing as well as wood Stud walls. The key lies in designing; Metal Stud wall systems have to be treated in special way with particular consideration to the high thermal conduction of Metal components. In the discussed collection of the efficient Metal Stud wall configurations, reductions of the in-cavity R-value caused by Metal Studs are between 10 and 20%.