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Prashant N Kumta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rechargeable magnesium battery current status and key challenges for the future
Progress in Materials Science, 2014Co-Authors: Partha Saha, Moni Kanchan Datta, Oleg I Velikokhatnyi, Ayyakkannu Manivannan, David E Alman, Prashant N KumtaAbstract:Abstract There is a tremendous need to have perennial and continuous access to cost-effective electricity generated from the intermittent energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal, hydropower, wave etc.). This will require development of inexpensive and efficient electrical energy storage (EES) devices such as stationary battery for uninterrupted electricity (power storage back up) and load leveling as well as grid energy storage systems [1–6]. Magnesium based secondary batteries are a viable ‘environmental friendly, non-toxic’ alternative compared to the immensely popular Li-ion systems owing to its high volumetric capacity (3833 mA h/cc for Mg vs. 2046 mA h/cc for Li) for stationary EES applications. Following the successful demonstration of a prototype magnesium cell capable of offering energy density ∼60 W h/kg in the early 2000, the last decade has witnessed tremendous amount of work dedicated to magnesium battery and its components. The present review is an earnest attempt to collect all of the comprehensive body of research performed in the literature hitherto to develop non-aqueous nucleophilic/non-nucleophilic liquid electrolytes, ionic liquid based polymer as well as solid/gel polymer electrolytes; intercalation/insertion/conversion type cathodes; Metallic magnesium and their alloys/interMetallic/composites as anodes; and electronically conductive but chemically and electrochemically inert current collectors for magnesium battery. The limited electrochemical oxidative stability of current generation of electrolytes with inherently slow magnesium-ion diffusion in to electrodes as well as the inability of Mg2+ to reversibly cycle in all but a few materials systems impede the growth of high power and high energy density magnesium cells, analogous to Li-ion systems. Before the successful fabrication of a prototype magnesium battery, optimization of electrolyte performance, the realization of suitable intercalation/insertion cathodes and the identification of alternative alloys, interMetallics, composites and compounds as anodes are highly critical. Exploration of the compatibility of various battery parts including Metallic current collectors with currently used organochloro electrolytes sheds light on the electrochemical Corrosion of metals such as Cu, Al, stainless steel (SS) toward chlorinated Grignard’s salts warranting further investigation for identifying, electrically conducting and electrochemically inert current collectors. Results to date show the preferential selectivity of certain electronically conducting Metallic and non-Metallic current collectors for rechargeable magnesium batteries owing to its high anodic stability in the present electrolyte. Development of magnesium-ion battery therefore requires an interdisciplinary approach with a sound understanding of organoMetallic and inorganic chemistry, adequate knowledge of materials chemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as electrochemistry, and a comprehensive knowledge of Metallic Corrosion principles in basic/acidic electrolytic environments in order that a system with acceptable energy density (∼150–200 W h/kg) and operational voltage ∼2–3 V can be developed in the near future.
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rechargeable magnesium battery current status and key challenges for the future
Progress in Materials Science, 2014Co-Authors: Partha Saha, Moni Kanchan Datta, Oleg I Velikokhatnyi, Ayyakkannu Manivannan, David E Alman, Prashant N KumtaAbstract:Abstract There is a tremendous need to have perennial and continuous access to cost-effective electricity generated from the intermittent energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal, hydropower, wave etc.). This will require development of inexpensive and efficient electrical energy storage (EES) devices such as stationary battery for uninterrupted electricity (power storage back up) and load leveling as well as grid energy storage systems [1–6]. Magnesium based secondary batteries are a viable ‘environmental friendly, non-toxic’ alternative compared to the immensely popular Li-ion systems owing to its high volumetric capacity (3833 mA h/cc for Mg vs. 2046 mA h/cc for Li) for stationary EES applications. Following the successful demonstration of a prototype magnesium cell capable of offering energy density ∼60 W h/kg in the early 2000, the last decade has witnessed tremendous amount of work dedicated to magnesium battery and its components. The present review is an earnest attempt to collect all of the comprehensive body of research performed in the literature hitherto to develop non-aqueous nucleophilic/non-nucleophilic liquid electrolytes, ionic liquid based polymer as well as solid/gel polymer electrolytes; intercalation/insertion/conversion type cathodes; Metallic magnesium and their alloys/interMetallic/composites as anodes; and electronically conductive but chemically and electrochemically inert current collectors for magnesium battery. The limited electrochemical oxidative stability of current generation of electrolytes with inherently slow magnesium-ion diffusion in to electrodes as well as the inability of Mg2+ to reversibly cycle in all but a few materials systems impede the growth of high power and high energy density magnesium cells, analogous to Li-ion systems. Before the successful fabrication of a prototype magnesium battery, optimization of electrolyte performance, the realization of suitable intercalation/insertion cathodes and the identification of alternative alloys, interMetallics, composites and compounds as anodes are highly critical. Exploration of the compatibility of various battery parts including Metallic current collectors with currently used organochloro electrolytes sheds light on the electrochemical Corrosion of metals such as Cu, Al, stainless steel (SS) toward chlorinated Grignard’s salts warranting further investigation for identifying, electrically conducting and electrochemically inert current collectors. Results to date show the preferential selectivity of certain electronically conducting Metallic and non-Metallic current collectors for rechargeable magnesium batteries owing to its high anodic stability in the present electrolyte. Development of magnesium-ion battery therefore requires an interdisciplinary approach with a sound understanding of organoMetallic and inorganic chemistry, adequate knowledge of materials chemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as electrochemistry, and a comprehensive knowledge of Metallic Corrosion principles in basic/acidic electrolytic environments in order that a system with acceptable energy density (∼150–200 W h/kg) and operational voltage ∼2–3 V can be developed in the near future.
M A Quraishi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an overview on plant extracts as environmental sustainable and green Corrosion inhibitors for metals and alloys in aggressive corrosive media
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018Co-Authors: Chandrabhan Verma, Eno E Ebenso, Indra Bahadur, M A QuraishiAbstract:Abstract Recently, the development of green Corrosion inhibitors and green inhibition strategies are highly demanded because of the increasing demand of green chemistry in the area of science and technology. In last few decades, use of plant extracts as Metallic Corrosion inhibitors has attracted significantly attention. Plant materials are ideal green candidatures to replace traditional toxic Corrosion inhibitors. Reduced environmental risk, lower cost, wide spread availability and high Corrosion inhibition effectiveness make the plant extracts as suitable candidates to replace the expensive and toxic traditional synthetic Corrosion inhibitors. Literature survey reveals that different extracts such as leaf, root, stem, bark, pulp, fruit, etc. have been effectively employed as sustainable inhibitors for the Corrosion of different metals and alloys. Present review article describes the collection of published work that has been carried out on the topic “plant extract as Corrosion inhibitors for metals and alloys in aggressive aqueous solutions”. The article includes extracts of diverse part of the plants for diverse metals and alloys in the several electrolytic media.
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molecular dynamics and monte carlo simulations as powerful tools for study of interfacial adsorption behavior of Corrosion inhibitors in aqueous phase a review
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018Co-Authors: Chandrabhan Verma, H Lgaz, Dakeshwar Kumar Verma, Eno E Ebenso, Indra Bahadur, M A QuraishiAbstract:Abstract The study of adsorption mechanism of Corrosion inhibitors at the metal and electrolyte interfaces is the most important aspect of Metallic Corrosion inhibition in aqueous media. Recently, computational modeling particularly DFT based quantum chemical calculation, molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have immerged as relatively new and greener pathways to study the adsorption behavior of aqueous phase Corrosion inhibitors for the scientists working in the field of Corrosion science and engineering. The greenness of these computational techniques is based on the fact that these do not require use or discharge of any environmentally malignant chemicals into the surrounding environment unlike to the experimental techniques. Moreover, MD and MC simulations provide useful information regarding orientation and adsorption behavior of Corrosion inhibitor on the metal-electrolyte interfaces which in turn help in developing high performance Corrosion inhibitors. An inhibitor molecule with flat orientation covers larger Metallic surface area and acts as better Corrosion inhibitor as compared to the inhibitor with vertical or non-planer orientation. Present review article features the collection of some major publications in which interactions of inhibitors with metal surfaces have been discussed using MD and MC simulations along with other commonly employed techniques.
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Corrosion inhibitors for ferrous and non ferrous metals and alloys in ionic sodium chloride solutions a review
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2017Co-Authors: Chandrabhan Verma, Eno E Ebenso, M A QuraishiAbstract:Abstract Metallic materials have been extensively used in marine environments particularly in production, processing and transport industries for the construction of pipelines, households, fuel tanks, oil lines, power lines, heat conductors, heat exchangers and several other marine applications due to their high mechanical strength and relatively low cost. However, sodium chloride is an aggressive ionic solution which reduces their workability, Corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and weldability behaviors. The survey of literature reveals that there is no good systematic review on Metallic Corrosion inhibition in sodium chloride media is available. Therefore, the review on Corrosion inhibition of these materials in the ionic solution of sodium chloride is highly anticipated. Present review article provides important features of Corrosion inhibitors that have been employed for metals and alloys in sodium chloride media. The article focuses on the inhibitive behavior of plant extracts, inorganic salts and organic compounds as well as synergistic behavior of inorganic-inorganic mixtures, organic-organic mixtures and inorganic-organic mixtures as Corrosion inhibitors in sodium chloride solutions. The article also describes the causes, factors affecting and adverse effect of Corrosion along with mechanism of Corrosion and its inhibition with particular emphasis on Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel, aluminum and copper.
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adsorption behavior of glucosamine based pyrimidine fused heterocycles as green Corrosion inhibitors for mild steel experimental and theoretical studies
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2016Co-Authors: Chandrabhan Verma, Eno E Ebenso, M A Quraishi, Lukman O Olasunkanmi, I B ObotAbstract:Effects of electron donating (−CH3 and −OH) and electron withdrawing (−NO2) substituents on the Corrosion inhibition efficiency of four glucosamine-based, substituted, pyrimidine-fused heterocycles (CARBs) on mild steel Corrosion in 1 M HCl have been investigated using gravimetric, electrochemical, surface morphology (SEM, AFM, and EDX), and computational techniques. Gravimetric studies showed that protection performances of the compounds increase with increase in concentration. Both electron withdrawing (−NO2) and electron donating (−CH3 and −OH) groups were found to enhance the inhibition efficiency, but the effect is more pronounced with electron-donating substituents. The compounds were found to be cathodic-type inhibitors as inferred from the results of potentiodynamic polarization studies. EIS studies suggested that the studied compounds inhibit Metallic Corrosion by adsorbing on Metallic surface. The adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on steel surface was further supported by SEM, AFM, and EDX a...
Eno E Ebenso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of anti Corrosion performance of an expired semi synthetic antibiotic cefdinir for mild steel in 1 m hcl medium an experimental and theoretical study
Results in physics, 2019Co-Authors: Ashish Singh, Eno E Ebenso, Bhawna Chugh, Sourav Saha, Priyabrata Banerjee, Sanjeeve Thakur, Balaram PaniAbstract:Abstract In view of severity of Metallic Corrosion in different corrosive media, application of Corrosion inhibitor has been very promising to overcome this problem. However, numbers of Corrosion inhibitors investigated earlier are not environmentally safe as well as costlier. To overcome these problems, researches are going on to develop efficient, environment friendly as well as cost effective Corrosion inhibitor. In view of these facts, Corrosion inhibition property of an expired anti-biotic, cefdinir (CDR) was investigated. This study includes anti-Corrosion performance of CDR molecule against Corrosion of mild steel (MS) in HCl medium. The results are summarized on the basis of weight loss, electrochemical, morphological and theoretical studies. The weight loss study infers that the rate of Corrosion regularly decreased by the increasing the amount of CDR in acid solution. The cefdinir thus adsorbed on the MS surface and mitigate the Corrosion rate. The adsorption of CDR on MS surface obeys Langmuir isotherm. The activation energy regularly increased by the presence of CDR and hence indicated that energy barrier for Corrosion process to take place increased. The increased entropy of activation in presence of CDR assigned to entropy of solvent molecule. Potentiodynamic study infers that the CDR acts as mixed type of inhibitor. The value of Gibb’s free energy suggested the electrostatic as well as chemical interaction of CDR molecule with mild steel surface. The theoretical study (Density functional theory, Fukui indices and Molecular dynamics) justifies the experimental results appreciably.
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an overview on plant extracts as environmental sustainable and green Corrosion inhibitors for metals and alloys in aggressive corrosive media
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018Co-Authors: Chandrabhan Verma, Eno E Ebenso, Indra Bahadur, M A QuraishiAbstract:Abstract Recently, the development of green Corrosion inhibitors and green inhibition strategies are highly demanded because of the increasing demand of green chemistry in the area of science and technology. In last few decades, use of plant extracts as Metallic Corrosion inhibitors has attracted significantly attention. Plant materials are ideal green candidatures to replace traditional toxic Corrosion inhibitors. Reduced environmental risk, lower cost, wide spread availability and high Corrosion inhibition effectiveness make the plant extracts as suitable candidates to replace the expensive and toxic traditional synthetic Corrosion inhibitors. Literature survey reveals that different extracts such as leaf, root, stem, bark, pulp, fruit, etc. have been effectively employed as sustainable inhibitors for the Corrosion of different metals and alloys. Present review article describes the collection of published work that has been carried out on the topic “plant extract as Corrosion inhibitors for metals and alloys in aggressive aqueous solutions”. The article includes extracts of diverse part of the plants for diverse metals and alloys in the several electrolytic media.
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molecular dynamics and monte carlo simulations as powerful tools for study of interfacial adsorption behavior of Corrosion inhibitors in aqueous phase a review
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018Co-Authors: Chandrabhan Verma, H Lgaz, Dakeshwar Kumar Verma, Eno E Ebenso, Indra Bahadur, M A QuraishiAbstract:Abstract The study of adsorption mechanism of Corrosion inhibitors at the metal and electrolyte interfaces is the most important aspect of Metallic Corrosion inhibition in aqueous media. Recently, computational modeling particularly DFT based quantum chemical calculation, molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have immerged as relatively new and greener pathways to study the adsorption behavior of aqueous phase Corrosion inhibitors for the scientists working in the field of Corrosion science and engineering. The greenness of these computational techniques is based on the fact that these do not require use or discharge of any environmentally malignant chemicals into the surrounding environment unlike to the experimental techniques. Moreover, MD and MC simulations provide useful information regarding orientation and adsorption behavior of Corrosion inhibitor on the metal-electrolyte interfaces which in turn help in developing high performance Corrosion inhibitors. An inhibitor molecule with flat orientation covers larger Metallic surface area and acts as better Corrosion inhibitor as compared to the inhibitor with vertical or non-planer orientation. Present review article features the collection of some major publications in which interactions of inhibitors with metal surfaces have been discussed using MD and MC simulations along with other commonly employed techniques.
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organic Corrosion inhibitors for industrial cleaning of ferrous and non ferrous metals in acidic solutions a review
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018Co-Authors: Madhusudan Goyal, Chandrabhan Verma, Indra Bahadur, Sudershan Kumar, Eno E EbensoAbstract:Abstract Acidic media have been employed extensively in industry particularly during cleaning processes including industrial acid cleaning, acid pickling and acid-descaling. Hydrochloric, sulphuric, nitric, phosphoric and acetic acids are a few of the common aggressive solutions that are used for cleaning purposes. Several types of inhibitors are being employed for inhibition of Metallic dissolution in acidic media in which use of organic inhibitors is one of the most frequent and economic methods. The presence of heteroatoms (O, S, N, and P) and π-electrons in the form of conjugation are among the most salient features of the organic inhibitors. These parts of the heteroatom containing molecules act as excellent inhibitors for metals and alloys Corrosion in aggressive acidic solutions. This review article describes some recent major works in the field of Metallic Corrosion monitoring using organic inhibitors in acidic media. A literature investigation revealed that heteroatoms of these molecules exist in the form of polar functional groups which can actively participate in adsorption processes, in addition to the π-electrons of multiple bonds.
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Corrosion inhibitors for ferrous and non ferrous metals and alloys in ionic sodium chloride solutions a review
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2017Co-Authors: Chandrabhan Verma, Eno E Ebenso, M A QuraishiAbstract:Abstract Metallic materials have been extensively used in marine environments particularly in production, processing and transport industries for the construction of pipelines, households, fuel tanks, oil lines, power lines, heat conductors, heat exchangers and several other marine applications due to their high mechanical strength and relatively low cost. However, sodium chloride is an aggressive ionic solution which reduces their workability, Corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and weldability behaviors. The survey of literature reveals that there is no good systematic review on Metallic Corrosion inhibition in sodium chloride media is available. Therefore, the review on Corrosion inhibition of these materials in the ionic solution of sodium chloride is highly anticipated. Present review article provides important features of Corrosion inhibitors that have been employed for metals and alloys in sodium chloride media. The article focuses on the inhibitive behavior of plant extracts, inorganic salts and organic compounds as well as synergistic behavior of inorganic-inorganic mixtures, organic-organic mixtures and inorganic-organic mixtures as Corrosion inhibitors in sodium chloride solutions. The article also describes the causes, factors affecting and adverse effect of Corrosion along with mechanism of Corrosion and its inhibition with particular emphasis on Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel, aluminum and copper.
Chandrabhan Verma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1m hcl using environmentally benign thevetia peruviana flower extracts
Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2021Co-Authors: Jiyaul Haque, Chandrabhan Verma, Vandana Srivastava, W Wan B NikAbstract:Abstract The Corrosion inhibition of Thevetia peruviana (Kaner) flower extract (TPFE) is evaluated for mild steel in 1M HCl solution using electrochemical, surface and computational demonstrations. Results showed that TPFE acted as a potential Corrosion inhibitor and shows the highest inhibition efficiency of 91.24% at 200 mg/L concentration. Electrochemical studies suggest that TPFE acted as a mixed- and interface-type of Corrosion inhibitor. The TPFE inhibits Metallic Corrosion through an adsorption mechanism that follows Temkin adsorption isotherm model. Adsorption mechanism of Corrosion inhibition was further supported using AFM, SEM-EDX, FT-IR and UV–visible surface studies. Furthermore, the anticorrosive mechanism of major phytochemicals of the TPFE was studied using computational techniques: Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Results showed that TPFE interacts with donor-acceptor interactions and its phytochemicals acquire the flat or horizontal orientations over the Metallic surface.
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an overview on plant extracts as environmental sustainable and green Corrosion inhibitors for metals and alloys in aggressive corrosive media
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018Co-Authors: Chandrabhan Verma, Eno E Ebenso, Indra Bahadur, M A QuraishiAbstract:Abstract Recently, the development of green Corrosion inhibitors and green inhibition strategies are highly demanded because of the increasing demand of green chemistry in the area of science and technology. In last few decades, use of plant extracts as Metallic Corrosion inhibitors has attracted significantly attention. Plant materials are ideal green candidatures to replace traditional toxic Corrosion inhibitors. Reduced environmental risk, lower cost, wide spread availability and high Corrosion inhibition effectiveness make the plant extracts as suitable candidates to replace the expensive and toxic traditional synthetic Corrosion inhibitors. Literature survey reveals that different extracts such as leaf, root, stem, bark, pulp, fruit, etc. have been effectively employed as sustainable inhibitors for the Corrosion of different metals and alloys. Present review article describes the collection of published work that has been carried out on the topic “plant extract as Corrosion inhibitors for metals and alloys in aggressive aqueous solutions”. The article includes extracts of diverse part of the plants for diverse metals and alloys in the several electrolytic media.
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molecular dynamics and monte carlo simulations as powerful tools for study of interfacial adsorption behavior of Corrosion inhibitors in aqueous phase a review
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018Co-Authors: Chandrabhan Verma, H Lgaz, Dakeshwar Kumar Verma, Eno E Ebenso, Indra Bahadur, M A QuraishiAbstract:Abstract The study of adsorption mechanism of Corrosion inhibitors at the metal and electrolyte interfaces is the most important aspect of Metallic Corrosion inhibition in aqueous media. Recently, computational modeling particularly DFT based quantum chemical calculation, molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have immerged as relatively new and greener pathways to study the adsorption behavior of aqueous phase Corrosion inhibitors for the scientists working in the field of Corrosion science and engineering. The greenness of these computational techniques is based on the fact that these do not require use or discharge of any environmentally malignant chemicals into the surrounding environment unlike to the experimental techniques. Moreover, MD and MC simulations provide useful information regarding orientation and adsorption behavior of Corrosion inhibitor on the metal-electrolyte interfaces which in turn help in developing high performance Corrosion inhibitors. An inhibitor molecule with flat orientation covers larger Metallic surface area and acts as better Corrosion inhibitor as compared to the inhibitor with vertical or non-planer orientation. Present review article features the collection of some major publications in which interactions of inhibitors with metal surfaces have been discussed using MD and MC simulations along with other commonly employed techniques.
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organic Corrosion inhibitors for industrial cleaning of ferrous and non ferrous metals in acidic solutions a review
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018Co-Authors: Madhusudan Goyal, Chandrabhan Verma, Indra Bahadur, Sudershan Kumar, Eno E EbensoAbstract:Abstract Acidic media have been employed extensively in industry particularly during cleaning processes including industrial acid cleaning, acid pickling and acid-descaling. Hydrochloric, sulphuric, nitric, phosphoric and acetic acids are a few of the common aggressive solutions that are used for cleaning purposes. Several types of inhibitors are being employed for inhibition of Metallic dissolution in acidic media in which use of organic inhibitors is one of the most frequent and economic methods. The presence of heteroatoms (O, S, N, and P) and π-electrons in the form of conjugation are among the most salient features of the organic inhibitors. These parts of the heteroatom containing molecules act as excellent inhibitors for metals and alloys Corrosion in aggressive acidic solutions. This review article describes some recent major works in the field of Metallic Corrosion monitoring using organic inhibitors in acidic media. A literature investigation revealed that heteroatoms of these molecules exist in the form of polar functional groups which can actively participate in adsorption processes, in addition to the π-electrons of multiple bonds.
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Corrosion inhibitors for ferrous and non ferrous metals and alloys in ionic sodium chloride solutions a review
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2017Co-Authors: Chandrabhan Verma, Eno E Ebenso, M A QuraishiAbstract:Abstract Metallic materials have been extensively used in marine environments particularly in production, processing and transport industries for the construction of pipelines, households, fuel tanks, oil lines, power lines, heat conductors, heat exchangers and several other marine applications due to their high mechanical strength and relatively low cost. However, sodium chloride is an aggressive ionic solution which reduces their workability, Corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and weldability behaviors. The survey of literature reveals that there is no good systematic review on Metallic Corrosion inhibition in sodium chloride media is available. Therefore, the review on Corrosion inhibition of these materials in the ionic solution of sodium chloride is highly anticipated. Present review article provides important features of Corrosion inhibitors that have been employed for metals and alloys in sodium chloride media. The article focuses on the inhibitive behavior of plant extracts, inorganic salts and organic compounds as well as synergistic behavior of inorganic-inorganic mixtures, organic-organic mixtures and inorganic-organic mixtures as Corrosion inhibitors in sodium chloride solutions. The article also describes the causes, factors affecting and adverse effect of Corrosion along with mechanism of Corrosion and its inhibition with particular emphasis on Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel, aluminum and copper.
Partha Saha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rechargeable magnesium battery current status and key challenges for the future
Progress in Materials Science, 2014Co-Authors: Partha Saha, Moni Kanchan Datta, Oleg I Velikokhatnyi, Ayyakkannu Manivannan, David E Alman, Prashant N KumtaAbstract:Abstract There is a tremendous need to have perennial and continuous access to cost-effective electricity generated from the intermittent energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal, hydropower, wave etc.). This will require development of inexpensive and efficient electrical energy storage (EES) devices such as stationary battery for uninterrupted electricity (power storage back up) and load leveling as well as grid energy storage systems [1–6]. Magnesium based secondary batteries are a viable ‘environmental friendly, non-toxic’ alternative compared to the immensely popular Li-ion systems owing to its high volumetric capacity (3833 mA h/cc for Mg vs. 2046 mA h/cc for Li) for stationary EES applications. Following the successful demonstration of a prototype magnesium cell capable of offering energy density ∼60 W h/kg in the early 2000, the last decade has witnessed tremendous amount of work dedicated to magnesium battery and its components. The present review is an earnest attempt to collect all of the comprehensive body of research performed in the literature hitherto to develop non-aqueous nucleophilic/non-nucleophilic liquid electrolytes, ionic liquid based polymer as well as solid/gel polymer electrolytes; intercalation/insertion/conversion type cathodes; Metallic magnesium and their alloys/interMetallic/composites as anodes; and electronically conductive but chemically and electrochemically inert current collectors for magnesium battery. The limited electrochemical oxidative stability of current generation of electrolytes with inherently slow magnesium-ion diffusion in to electrodes as well as the inability of Mg2+ to reversibly cycle in all but a few materials systems impede the growth of high power and high energy density magnesium cells, analogous to Li-ion systems. Before the successful fabrication of a prototype magnesium battery, optimization of electrolyte performance, the realization of suitable intercalation/insertion cathodes and the identification of alternative alloys, interMetallics, composites and compounds as anodes are highly critical. Exploration of the compatibility of various battery parts including Metallic current collectors with currently used organochloro electrolytes sheds light on the electrochemical Corrosion of metals such as Cu, Al, stainless steel (SS) toward chlorinated Grignard’s salts warranting further investigation for identifying, electrically conducting and electrochemically inert current collectors. Results to date show the preferential selectivity of certain electronically conducting Metallic and non-Metallic current collectors for rechargeable magnesium batteries owing to its high anodic stability in the present electrolyte. Development of magnesium-ion battery therefore requires an interdisciplinary approach with a sound understanding of organoMetallic and inorganic chemistry, adequate knowledge of materials chemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as electrochemistry, and a comprehensive knowledge of Metallic Corrosion principles in basic/acidic electrolytic environments in order that a system with acceptable energy density (∼150–200 W h/kg) and operational voltage ∼2–3 V can be developed in the near future.
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rechargeable magnesium battery current status and key challenges for the future
Progress in Materials Science, 2014Co-Authors: Partha Saha, Moni Kanchan Datta, Oleg I Velikokhatnyi, Ayyakkannu Manivannan, David E Alman, Prashant N KumtaAbstract:Abstract There is a tremendous need to have perennial and continuous access to cost-effective electricity generated from the intermittent energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal, hydropower, wave etc.). This will require development of inexpensive and efficient electrical energy storage (EES) devices such as stationary battery for uninterrupted electricity (power storage back up) and load leveling as well as grid energy storage systems [1–6]. Magnesium based secondary batteries are a viable ‘environmental friendly, non-toxic’ alternative compared to the immensely popular Li-ion systems owing to its high volumetric capacity (3833 mA h/cc for Mg vs. 2046 mA h/cc for Li) for stationary EES applications. Following the successful demonstration of a prototype magnesium cell capable of offering energy density ∼60 W h/kg in the early 2000, the last decade has witnessed tremendous amount of work dedicated to magnesium battery and its components. The present review is an earnest attempt to collect all of the comprehensive body of research performed in the literature hitherto to develop non-aqueous nucleophilic/non-nucleophilic liquid electrolytes, ionic liquid based polymer as well as solid/gel polymer electrolytes; intercalation/insertion/conversion type cathodes; Metallic magnesium and their alloys/interMetallic/composites as anodes; and electronically conductive but chemically and electrochemically inert current collectors for magnesium battery. The limited electrochemical oxidative stability of current generation of electrolytes with inherently slow magnesium-ion diffusion in to electrodes as well as the inability of Mg2+ to reversibly cycle in all but a few materials systems impede the growth of high power and high energy density magnesium cells, analogous to Li-ion systems. Before the successful fabrication of a prototype magnesium battery, optimization of electrolyte performance, the realization of suitable intercalation/insertion cathodes and the identification of alternative alloys, interMetallics, composites and compounds as anodes are highly critical. Exploration of the compatibility of various battery parts including Metallic current collectors with currently used organochloro electrolytes sheds light on the electrochemical Corrosion of metals such as Cu, Al, stainless steel (SS) toward chlorinated Grignard’s salts warranting further investigation for identifying, electrically conducting and electrochemically inert current collectors. Results to date show the preferential selectivity of certain electronically conducting Metallic and non-Metallic current collectors for rechargeable magnesium batteries owing to its high anodic stability in the present electrolyte. Development of magnesium-ion battery therefore requires an interdisciplinary approach with a sound understanding of organoMetallic and inorganic chemistry, adequate knowledge of materials chemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as electrochemistry, and a comprehensive knowledge of Metallic Corrosion principles in basic/acidic electrolytic environments in order that a system with acceptable energy density (∼150–200 W h/kg) and operational voltage ∼2–3 V can be developed in the near future.