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Johan Bobacka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • instrument free control of the standard potential of potentiometric solid contact ion selective electrodes by short circuiting with a conventional reference electrode
    Analytical Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ulriika Vanamo, Johan Bobacka
    Abstract:

    A simple, instrument-free method to control the standard potential (E°) of potentiometric solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISE) is described. In this method, the electrode potential of a SC-ISE is reset by short-circuiting the electrode with a Metallic Wire to a conventional Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl reference electrode (RE) in a solution containing primary ions. The method is studied experimentally for SC-ISEs where the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with the bulky anion poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), PEDOT(PSS), is used as the solid contact. Three different types of ion-selective membranes (ISMs) are studied: two potassium-selective membranes, with and without the lipohilic additive tetradodecylammonium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (ETH-500) and a cation-sensitive membrane without an ionophore. When the SC-ISE is short-circuited with the RE, the PEDOT(PSS) layer is oxidized or reduced, thereby shifting the potential of the SC-ISE to the proximity of the potential of the RE...

  • instrument free control of the standard potential of potentiometric solid contact ion selective electrodes by short circuiting with a conventional reference electrode
    Analytical Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ulriika Vanamo, Johan Bobacka
    Abstract:

    A simple, instrument-free method to control the standard potential (E°) of potentiometric solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISE) is described. In this method, the electrode potential of a SC-ISE is reset by short-circuiting the electrode with a Metallic Wire to a conventional Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl reference electrode (RE) in a solution containing primary ions. The method is studied experimentally for SC-ISEs where the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with the bulky anion poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), PEDOT(PSS), is used as the solid contact. Three different types of ion-selective membranes (ISMs) are studied: two potassium-selective membranes, with and without the lipohilic additive tetradodecylammonium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (ETH-500) and a cation-sensitive membrane without an ionophore. When the SC-ISE is short-circuited with the RE, the PEDOT(PSS) layer is oxidized or reduced, thereby shifting the potential of the SC-ISE to the proximity of the potential of the RE...

Ulriika Vanamo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • instrument free control of the standard potential of potentiometric solid contact ion selective electrodes by short circuiting with a conventional reference electrode
    Analytical Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ulriika Vanamo, Johan Bobacka
    Abstract:

    A simple, instrument-free method to control the standard potential (E°) of potentiometric solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISE) is described. In this method, the electrode potential of a SC-ISE is reset by short-circuiting the electrode with a Metallic Wire to a conventional Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl reference electrode (RE) in a solution containing primary ions. The method is studied experimentally for SC-ISEs where the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with the bulky anion poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), PEDOT(PSS), is used as the solid contact. Three different types of ion-selective membranes (ISMs) are studied: two potassium-selective membranes, with and without the lipohilic additive tetradodecylammonium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (ETH-500) and a cation-sensitive membrane without an ionophore. When the SC-ISE is short-circuited with the RE, the PEDOT(PSS) layer is oxidized or reduced, thereby shifting the potential of the SC-ISE to the proximity of the potential of the RE...

  • instrument free control of the standard potential of potentiometric solid contact ion selective electrodes by short circuiting with a conventional reference electrode
    Analytical Chemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ulriika Vanamo, Johan Bobacka
    Abstract:

    A simple, instrument-free method to control the standard potential (E°) of potentiometric solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISE) is described. In this method, the electrode potential of a SC-ISE is reset by short-circuiting the electrode with a Metallic Wire to a conventional Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl reference electrode (RE) in a solution containing primary ions. The method is studied experimentally for SC-ISEs where the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with the bulky anion poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), PEDOT(PSS), is used as the solid contact. Three different types of ion-selective membranes (ISMs) are studied: two potassium-selective membranes, with and without the lipohilic additive tetradodecylammonium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (ETH-500) and a cation-sensitive membrane without an ionophore. When the SC-ISE is short-circuited with the RE, the PEDOT(PSS) layer is oxidized or reduced, thereby shifting the potential of the SC-ISE to the proximity of the potential of the RE...

Branislav K Nikolic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • spintronics meets nonadiabatic molecular dynamics geometric spin torque and damping on dynamical classical magnetic texture due to an electronic open quantum system
    Physical Review Letters, 2020
    Co-Authors: Utkarsh Bajpai, Branislav K Nikolic
    Abstract:

    We analyze a quantum-classical hybrid system of steadily precessing around the fixed axis slow classical localized magnetic moments (LMMs), forming a head-to-head domain wall, surrounded by fast electrons driven out of equilibrium by LMMs and residing within a Metallic Wire whose connection to macroscopic reservoirs makes electronic quantum system an open one. The model captures the essence of dynamical noncollinear magnetic textures encountered in spintronics, while making it possible to obtain the exact time-dependent nonequilibrium density matrix of electronic systems and split it into four contributions. The Fermi surface contribution generates dissipative (or dampinglike in spintronics terminology) spin torque on LMMs, as the counterpart of electronic friction in nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (MD). Among two Fermi sea contributions, one generates geometric torque dominating in the adiabatic regime, which remains as the only nonzero contribution in a closed system with disconnected reservoirs. Locally geometric torque can have nondissipative (or fieldlike in spintronics terminology) component, acting as the counterpart of geometric magnetism force in nonadiabatic MD, as well as a much smaller dampinglike component acting as "geometric friction." Such current-independent geometric torque is absent from widely used micromagnetics or atomistic spin dynamics modeling of magnetization dynamics based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, while previous analyses of how to include our Fermi-surface dampinglike torque have severely underestimated its total magnitude.

Utkarsh Bajpai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • spintronics meets nonadiabatic molecular dynamics geometric spin torque and damping on dynamical classical magnetic texture due to an electronic open quantum system
    Physical Review Letters, 2020
    Co-Authors: Utkarsh Bajpai, Branislav K Nikolic
    Abstract:

    We analyze a quantum-classical hybrid system of steadily precessing around the fixed axis slow classical localized magnetic moments (LMMs), forming a head-to-head domain wall, surrounded by fast electrons driven out of equilibrium by LMMs and residing within a Metallic Wire whose connection to macroscopic reservoirs makes electronic quantum system an open one. The model captures the essence of dynamical noncollinear magnetic textures encountered in spintronics, while making it possible to obtain the exact time-dependent nonequilibrium density matrix of electronic systems and split it into four contributions. The Fermi surface contribution generates dissipative (or dampinglike in spintronics terminology) spin torque on LMMs, as the counterpart of electronic friction in nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (MD). Among two Fermi sea contributions, one generates geometric torque dominating in the adiabatic regime, which remains as the only nonzero contribution in a closed system with disconnected reservoirs. Locally geometric torque can have nondissipative (or fieldlike in spintronics terminology) component, acting as the counterpart of geometric magnetism force in nonadiabatic MD, as well as a much smaller dampinglike component acting as "geometric friction." Such current-independent geometric torque is absent from widely used micromagnetics or atomistic spin dynamics modeling of magnetization dynamics based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, while previous analyses of how to include our Fermi-surface dampinglike torque have severely underestimated its total magnitude.

Lloyd C L Hollenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • apparent delocalization of the current density in Metallic Wires observed with diamond nitrogen vacancy magnetometry
    Physical Review B, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jeanphilippe Tetienne, Da Broadway, Nikolai Dontschuk, Scott E Lillie, Tokuyuki Teraji, David A Simpson, Alastair Stacey, Lloyd C L Hollenberg
    Abstract:

    We report on a quantitative analysis of the magnetic field generated by a continuous current running in Metallic microWires fabricated on an electrically insulating diamond substrate. A layer of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers engineered near the diamond surface is employed to obtain spatial maps of the vector magnetic field, by measuring Zeeman shifts through optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The in-plane magnetic field (i.e., parallel to the diamond surface) is found to be significantly weaker than predicted, while the out-of-plane field also exhibits an unexpected modulation. We show that the measured magnetic field is incompatible with Ampere's circuital law or Gauss's law for magnetism when we assume that the current is confined to the metal, independent of the details of the current density. This result was reproduced in several diamond samples, with a measured deviation from Ampere's law by as much as 94(6)% (i.e., a 15σ violation). To resolve this apparent magnetic anomaly, we introduce a generalized description whereby the current is allowed to flow both above the NV sensing layer (including in the Metallic Wire) and below the NV layer (i.e., in the diamond). Inversion of the Biot-Savart law within this two-channel description leads to a unique solution for the two current densities that completely explains the data, is consistent with the laws of classical electrodynamics, and indicates a total NV-measured current that closely matches the electrically measured current. However, this description also leads to the surprising conclusion that in certain circumstances the majority of the current appears to flow in the diamond substrate rather than in the Metallic Wire, and to spread laterally in the diamond by several micrometers away from the Wire. No electrical conduction was observed between nearby test Wires, ruling out a conventional conductivity effect. Moreover, the apparent delocalization of the current