The Experts below are selected from a list of 405 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jenkun Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pu erh tea polysaccharides decrease blood sugar by inhibition of α glucosidase activity in vitro and in mice
Food & Function, 2015Co-Authors: Yeatyz Deng, Shoeiyn Linshiau, Liefen Shyur, Jenkun LinAbstract:Type 2 diabetes is mainly induced by environmental factors such as being overweight, decreased physical activity and inbalanced energy metabolism, such as pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance. Acarbose, a microbial carbohydrate and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, is currently a useful agent for attenuating type 2 diabetes. However, it is usually accompanied by many side effects, such as abdominal distention, flatulence, diarrhea and Meteorism. These side effects may be caused by its strong inhibition of alpha-amylase, leading to the accumulation of several undigested carbohydrates. The bacteria residing in the colon can further ferment the undigested carbohydrate to release gas. Finding a new alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with a low inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase is highly anticipated. In this report we describe a group of carbohydrates found in pu-erh tea polysaccharide (PTPS) that can inhibit alpha-glucosidase but have less of an inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase. The preliminary experiments on mice indicate that PTPS might be better than acarbose at suppressing blood glucose after oral administration of a carbohydrate diet; it is recommended that further clinical trials are required in type 2 diabetes in future studies.
Shoeiyn Linshiau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pu erh tea polysaccharides decrease blood sugar by inhibition of α glucosidase activity in vitro and in mice
Food & Function, 2015Co-Authors: Yeatyz Deng, Shoeiyn Linshiau, Liefen Shyur, Jenkun LinAbstract:Type 2 diabetes is mainly induced by environmental factors such as being overweight, decreased physical activity and inbalanced energy metabolism, such as pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance. Acarbose, a microbial carbohydrate and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, is currently a useful agent for attenuating type 2 diabetes. However, it is usually accompanied by many side effects, such as abdominal distention, flatulence, diarrhea and Meteorism. These side effects may be caused by its strong inhibition of alpha-amylase, leading to the accumulation of several undigested carbohydrates. The bacteria residing in the colon can further ferment the undigested carbohydrate to release gas. Finding a new alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with a low inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase is highly anticipated. In this report we describe a group of carbohydrates found in pu-erh tea polysaccharide (PTPS) that can inhibit alpha-glucosidase but have less of an inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase. The preliminary experiments on mice indicate that PTPS might be better than acarbose at suppressing blood glucose after oral administration of a carbohydrate diet; it is recommended that further clinical trials are required in type 2 diabetes in future studies.
Mihai Ciocirlan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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romanian guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Cristian Gheorghe, Andrada Seicean, Adrian Saftoiu, Marcel Tantau, Eugen Dumitru, Mariana Jinga, Lucian Negreanu, Bogdan Mateescu, Liana Gheorghe, Mihai CiocirlanAbstract:In assessing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), its diverse etiologies and the heterogeneous population affected should be considered. Diagnosing this condition remains a challenge in clinical practice especially for mild-to-moderate EPI, with the support of the time-consuming breath test or the coefficient of fat absorption. The fecal elastase-1 test, less precise for the diagnosis, cannot be useful for assessing treatment efficacy. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is the mainstay of treatment, whereby enteric-coated mini-microspheres are taken with every meal, in progressive doses based on an individual's weight and clinical symptoms. The main indication for PERT is chronic pancreatitis, in patients who have clinically relevant steatorrhea, abnormal pancreatic function test or abnormal function tests associated with symptoms of malabsorption such as weight loss or Meteorism. While enzyme replacement therapy is not recommended in the initial stages of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic exocrine function should be monitored for at least 6-18 months. In the case of unresectable pancreatic cancer, replacement enzyme therapy helps to maintain weight and improve overall quality of life. It is also indicated in patients with celiac disease, who have chronic diarrhea (in spite of gluten-free diet), and in patients with cystic fibrosis with proven EPI.
M A Juárez-oropeza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hepatoprotective effects of Spirulina maxima in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A case series
Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2010Co-Authors: Aldo Ferreira-hermosillo, P V Torres-durán, M A Juárez-oropezaAbstract:INTRODUCTION: Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases range from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The "two hits" hypothesis is widely accepted for its pathogenesis: the first hit is an increased fat flux to the liver, which predisposes our patient to a second hit where increasing free fatty acid oxidation into the mitochondria leads to oxidative stress, lipoperoxidation and a chain reaction with increased ROS. Clinical indications include abdominal cramps, Meteorism and fatigue. Most patients, however, are asymptomatic, and diagnosis is based on aminotransferase elevation and ultrasonography (or "brilliant liver"). Spirulina maxima has been experimentally proven to possess in vivo and in vitro hepatoprotective properties by maintaining the liver lipid profile. This case report evaluates the hepatoprotective effects of orally supplied Spirulina maxima.\n\nCASE PRESENTATION: Three Hispanic Mexican patients (a 43-year-old man, a 77-year-old man and a 44-year-old woman) underwent ultrasonography and were treated with 4.5 g/day of Spirulina maxima for three months. Their blood samples before and after the treatment determined triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The results were assessed using ultrasound.\n\nCONCLUSION: Treatment had therapeutic effects as evidenced by ultrasonography and the aminotransferase data. Hypolipidemic effects were also shown. We conclude that Spirulina maxima may be considered an alternative treatment for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and dyslipidemic disorder.
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Hepatoprotective effects of Spirulina maxima in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A case series
Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2010Co-Authors: Aldo Ferreira-hermosillo, P V Torres-durán, M A Juárez-oropezaAbstract:INTRODUCTION: Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases range from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The "two hits" hypothesis is widely accepted for its pathogenesis: the first hit is an increased fat flux to the liver, which predisposes our patient to a second hit where increasing free fatty acid oxidation into the mitochondria leads to oxidative stress, lipoperoxidation and a chain reaction with increased ROS. Clinical indications include abdominal cramps, Meteorism and fatigue. Most patients, however, are asymptomatic, and diagnosis is based on aminotransferase elevation and ultrasonography (or "brilliant liver"). Spirulina maxima has been experimentally proven to possess in vivo and in vitro hepatoprotective properties by maintaining the liver lipid profile. This case report evaluates the hepatoprotective effects of orally supplied Spirulina maxima.\n\nCASE PRESENTATION: Three Hispanic Mexican patients (a 43-year-old man, a 77-year-old man and a 44-year-old woman) underwent ultrasonography and were treated with 4.5 g/day of Spirulina maxima for three months. Their blood samples before and after the treatment determined triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The results were assessed using ultrasound.\n\nCONCLUSION: Treatment had therapeutic effects as evidenced by ultrasonography and the aminotransferase data. Hypolipidemic effects were also shown. We conclude that Spirulina maxima may be considered an alternative treatment for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and dyslipidemic disorder.
Hassan Y Naim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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compound heterozygous mutations elicit congenital lactase deficiency in a japanese infant
The FASEB Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Lena Diekmann, Katrin Pfeiffer, Hassan Y NaimAbstract:Congenital lactase deficiency (CLD) is a rare severe autosomal recessive disorder, with symptoms like watery diarrhea, Meteorism and malnutrition, which start a few days after birth by the onset of nursing. The most common rationales identified for this disorder are missense mutations or premature stop codons in the coding region of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene. Recently, two heterozygous mutations, c.4419C>G (p.Y1473X) in exon 10 and c.5387delA (p.D1796fs) in exon 16, have been identified within the coding region of LPH in a Japanese infant with CLD. Here, we investigate the influence of these mutations on the structure, biosynthesis and function of LPH. We show that both mutant proteins are mannose-rich glycosylated proteins that are not capable of exiting the endoplasmic reticulum. These mutant proteins are misfolded and turnover studies show that they are ultimately degraded. The enzymatic activities of these mutant forms are not detectable, despite the presence of lactase and phlorizin ...
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congenital lactose intolerance is triggered by severe mutations on both alleles of the lactase gene
BMC Gastroenterology, 2015Co-Authors: Lena Diekmann, Katrin Pfeiffer, Hassan Y NaimAbstract:Congenital lactase deficiency (CLD) is a rare severe autosomal recessive disorder, with symptoms like watery diarrhea, Meteorism and malnutrition, which start a few days after birth by the onset of nursing. The most common rationales identified for this disorder are missense mutations or premature stop codons in the coding region of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene. Recently, two heterozygous mutations, c.4419C > G (p.Y1473X) in exon 10 and c.5387delA (p.D1796fs) in exon 16, have been identified within the coding region of LPH in a Japanese infant with CLD. Here, we investigate the influence of these mutations on the structure, biosynthesis and function of LPH. Therefore the mutant genes were transiently expressed in COS-1 cells. We show that both mutant proteins are mannose-rich glycosylated proteins that are not capable of exiting the endoplasmic reticulum. These mutant proteins are misfolded and turnover studies show that they are ultimately degraded. The enzymatic activities of these mutant forms are not detectable, despite the presence of lactase and phlorizin active sites in the polypeptide backbone of LPH-D1796fs and LPH-Y1473X respectively. Interestingly, wild type LPH retains its complete enzymatic activity and intracellular transport competence in the presence of the pathogenic mutants suggesting that heterozygote carriers presumably do not show symptoms related to CLD. Our study strongly suggests that the onset of severe forms of CLD is elicited by mutations in the LPH gene that occur in either a compound heterozygous or homozygous pattern of inheritance.