The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robert Sproule - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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student evaluation of teaching Methodological Critique
Education Policy Analysis Archives, 2000Co-Authors: Robert SprouleAbstract:The purpose of the present work is twofold. The first is to outline two arguments that challenge those who would advocate a continuation of the exclusive use of raw SET data in the determination of "teaching effectiveness" in the "summative" function. The second purpose is to answer this question: "In the face of such challenges, why do university administrators continue to use these data exclusively in the determination of 'teaching effectiveness'?"
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student evaluation of teaching a Methodological Critique of conventional practices
Education Policy Analysis Archives, 2000Co-Authors: Robert SprouleAbstract:The purpose of the present work is twofold. The first is to outline two arguments that challenge those who would advocate a continuation of the exclusive use of raw SET data in the determination of "teaching effectiveness" in the "summative" function. The second purpose is to answer this question: "In the face of such challenges, why do university administrators continue to use these data exclusively in the determination of 'teaching effectiveness'?"
Susan L Woodward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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economic aid to post conflict countries a Methodological Critique of collier and hoeffler
Conflict Security & Development, 2005Co-Authors: Astri Suhrke, Espen Villanger, Susan L WoodwardAbstract:In the past five years, research sponsored by the World Bank on the economic aspects of civil war1 under the research directorship of Oxford economist Paul Collier has had an extraordinary influence on the subsequent study of violent conflict and civil war and on international policy. The research project has now turned its attention to the problem of countries emerging from civil war and what Collier and his co-author, Anke Hoeffler, call ‘a first systematic empirical analysis of aid and policy reform in the post-conflict growth process.’2 Building on the influence of their earlier research and the lively interest currently in knowledge about and policy on post-conflict strategies, this work is likely to be equally influential on research, thinking, and policy. It is all the more important, therefore, to subject the research to critical examination before it becomes established as conventional wisdom. This note reports one such attempt to analyze some major Methodological problems with the study and argu...
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economic aid to post conflict countries a Methodological Critique of collier and hoeffler
2005Co-Authors: Astri Suhrke, Espen Villanger, Susan L WoodwardAbstract:This paper retests the analysis of "Aid Policy and Growth in Post-Conflict Societies," by Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler (October 2002 and forthcoming in European Economic Review). It finds that their data and analysis do not support their conclusions and policy recommendations on the optimal timing and amounts of aid. These conclusions depend on very few observations (13 for the period of peace-onset, 13 for years 4 to 7 when a growth spurt is said to make aid particularly effective, and 8 for the period when aid should taper off); are vulnerable to the same Methodological misspecifications identified in the Burnside and Dollar approach on which this analysis is based; and are not grounded in any theoretical formulation about the special relation between aid and growth in post-conflict conditions. Conventional econometric procedures are often not followed; recoding the sample to exclude cases that are not civil wars reduces the effect of aid on growth in post-civil war countries to less than half of what they claim; and the difference with the relationship for "normal" countries becomes negligible (0.26 percentage points), although it depends on identification of the sample. Their claims on the poverty-efficiency of aid are assumed, not analysed. The confidentiality of their policy measure (CPIA) prevented testing the aid-policy relationship.
Michael P Carey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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childhood and adolescent sexual abuse and subsequent sexual risk behavior evidence from controlled studies Methodological Critique and suggestions for research
Clinical Psychology Review, 2008Co-Authors: Theresa E Senn, Michael P Carey, Peter A VanableAbstract:Childhood and adolescent sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with a wide variety of adverse psychological and health outcomes, including negative sexual health outcomes. In this paper, we review the literature investigating the relation between CSA and subsequent sexual risk behaviors among men and women. Previous research has found a relatively consistent association between CSA and higher rates of sexual risk behaviors, particularly sex trading, more sexual partners, and an earlier age of first intercourse. However, there are a number of limitations to this research, including lack of a consistent definition of CSA, failure to investigate gender as a moderator, and possible confounding of the CSA experience with some of the sexual behavior outcome variables. Further, although there appears to be an association between CSA and later sexual risk behavior, researchers have not established whether this association is causal. Suggestions for future research and implications for clinical practice are discussed.
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hiv sexual risk reduction interventions for youth a review and Methodological Critique of randomized controlled trials
Behavior Modification, 2003Co-Authors: Teal C Pedlow, Michael P CareyAbstract:The authors review and provide a Methodological Critique of randomized controlled studies of HIV risk reduction interventions that measured sexual risk behavior outcomes with adolescents. Studies conducted in school, community, and health care settings were reviewed. Overall, 13 of 23 interventions (57%) were effective in reducing sexual risk behavior. Methodological strengths of extant studies included an emphasis on a theoretical framework, evaluation of both individualized and group-intervention formats, use of multiple assessments of risk behavior (including biological outcomes), and inclusion of efficacy and effectiveness trials. Methodological limitations included limited evaluation of theoretical mediators of risk reduction, failure to report effect sizes, and lack of sustained findings. Inconsistencies were found in data analytic procedures and reporting, including how nested designs, skewed data, and attrition were addressed. Recommendations for designing Methodologically rigorous interventions are provided.
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prevalence of erectile disorder among men with diabetes mellitus comprehensive review Methodological Critique and suggestions for future research
Journal of Sex Research, 1996Co-Authors: Lance S Weinhardt, Michael P CareyAbstract:We provide a comprehensive review of the empirical literature regarding the prevalence of erectile disorder among men with diabetes mellitus. Estimates have varied from 7–85%, depending on sample characteristics. The average rate of erectile disorder in diabetic men (35%) was more than triple that of healthy controls (11%). Closer investigation of controlled research reveals only a slight difference in the prevalence of erectile disorder between men with diabetes and men with other chronic medical illnesses (26% versus 20%; p = .054). Overall, based on results of the 23 prevalence studies published since 1958, we suggest that 26–35% of diabetic men will develop erectile disorder. This estimated range counters the conventional view that erectile disorder is inevitable for men diagnosed with diabetes. Methodological limitations of extant research include inadequate study design (absence of appropriate control groups, use of cross‐sectional rather than longitudinal designs, failure to control for type of dia...
Astri Suhrke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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economic aid to post conflict countries a Methodological Critique of collier and hoeffler
Conflict Security & Development, 2005Co-Authors: Astri Suhrke, Espen Villanger, Susan L WoodwardAbstract:In the past five years, research sponsored by the World Bank on the economic aspects of civil war1 under the research directorship of Oxford economist Paul Collier has had an extraordinary influence on the subsequent study of violent conflict and civil war and on international policy. The research project has now turned its attention to the problem of countries emerging from civil war and what Collier and his co-author, Anke Hoeffler, call ‘a first systematic empirical analysis of aid and policy reform in the post-conflict growth process.’2 Building on the influence of their earlier research and the lively interest currently in knowledge about and policy on post-conflict strategies, this work is likely to be equally influential on research, thinking, and policy. It is all the more important, therefore, to subject the research to critical examination before it becomes established as conventional wisdom. This note reports one such attempt to analyze some major Methodological problems with the study and argu...
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economic aid to post conflict countries a Methodological Critique of collier and hoeffler
2005Co-Authors: Astri Suhrke, Espen Villanger, Susan L WoodwardAbstract:This paper retests the analysis of "Aid Policy and Growth in Post-Conflict Societies," by Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler (October 2002 and forthcoming in European Economic Review). It finds that their data and analysis do not support their conclusions and policy recommendations on the optimal timing and amounts of aid. These conclusions depend on very few observations (13 for the period of peace-onset, 13 for years 4 to 7 when a growth spurt is said to make aid particularly effective, and 8 for the period when aid should taper off); are vulnerable to the same Methodological misspecifications identified in the Burnside and Dollar approach on which this analysis is based; and are not grounded in any theoretical formulation about the special relation between aid and growth in post-conflict conditions. Conventional econometric procedures are often not followed; recoding the sample to exclude cases that are not civil wars reduces the effect of aid on growth in post-civil war countries to less than half of what they claim; and the difference with the relationship for "normal" countries becomes negligible (0.26 percentage points), although it depends on identification of the sample. Their claims on the poverty-efficiency of aid are assumed, not analysed. The confidentiality of their policy measure (CPIA) prevented testing the aid-policy relationship.
Elizabeth Brondolo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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coping with racism a selective review of the literature and a theoretical and Methodological Critique
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Elizabeth Brondolo, Nisha Ver Halen, Melissa Pencille, Danielle L Beatty, Richard J ContradaAbstract:Racism is a stressor that contributes to racial/ethnic disparities in mental and physical health and to variations in these outcomes within racial and ethnic minority groups. The aim of this paper is to identify and discuss key issues in the study of individual-level strategies for coping with interpersonal racism. We begin with a discussion of the ways in which racism acts as a stressor and requires the mobilization of coping resources. Next, we examine available models for describing and conceptualizing strategies for coping with racism. Third, we discuss three major forms of coping: racial identity development, social support seeking and anger suppression and expression. We examine empirical support for the role of these coping strategies in buffering the impact of racism on specific health-related outcomes, including mental health (i.e., specifically, self-reported psychological distress and depressive symptoms), self-reported physical health, resting blood pressure levels, and cardiovascular reactivity to stressors. Careful examination of the effectiveness of individual-level coping strategies can guide future interventions on both the individual and community levels.
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perceived racism and blood pressure a review of the literature and conceptual and Methodological Critique
Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Elizabeth Brondolo, Ricardo Rieppi, Kim P Kelly, William GerinAbstract:Racial disparities in health, including elevated rates of hypertension (HT) among Blacks, are widely recognized and a matter of serious concern. Researchers have hypothesized that social stress, and in particular exposure to racism, may account for some of the between-group differences in the prevalence of HT and a portion of the within-group variations in risk for HT. However, there have been surprisingly few empirical studies of the relationship between perceived racism and blood pressure (BP) or cardiovascular reactivity (CVR), a possible marker of mechanisms culminating in cardiovascular disease. This article reviews published literature investigating the relationship of perceived racism to HT-related variables, including self-reported history of HT, BP level, or CVR. Strengths and weaknesses of the existing research are discussed to permit the identification of research areas that may elucidate the biopsychosocial mechanisms potentially linking racism to HT. We hope to encourage investigators to invest in research on the health effects of racism because a sound and detailed knowledge base in this area is necessary to address racial disparities in health.