The Experts below are selected from a list of 77049 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nazim Usta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an experimental study on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester
Energy Conversion and Management, 2005Co-Authors: Nazim UstaAbstract:Abstract Tobacco seeds are a by product of tobacco leaves production. To the author’s best knowledge, unlike tobacco leaves, tobacco seeds are not collected from fields and are not commercial products. However, tobacco seeds contain significant amounts of oil. Although tobacco seed oil is a non-edible vegetable oil, it can be utilized for biodiesel production as a new renewable alternative diesel engine fuel. In this study, an experimental study on the performance and exhaust emissions of a turbocharged indirect injection diesel engine fuelled with tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester was performed at full and partial loads. The results showed that the addition of tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester to the diesel fuel reduced CO and SO 2 emissions while causing slightly higher NO x emissions. Meanwhile, it was found that the power and the efficiency increased slightly with the addition of tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester.
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use of tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester in a turbocharged indirect injection diesel engine
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2005Co-Authors: Nazim UstaAbstract:Abstract Vegetable oils and their Methyl/ethyl Esters are alternative renewable fuels for compression ignition engines. Different kinds of vegetable oils and their Methyl/ethyl Esters have been tested in diesel engines. However, tobacco seed oil and tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester have not been tested in diesel engines, yet. Tobacco seed oil is a non-edible vegetable oil and a by-product of tobacco leaves production. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first study on tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester as a fuel in diesel engines. In this study, potential tobacco seed production throughout the world, the oil extraction process from tobacco seed and the transEsterification process for biodiesel production were examined. The produced tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester was characterized by exposing its major properties. The effects of tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester addition to diesel No. 2 on the performance and emissions of a four cycle, four cylinder turbocharged indirect injection (IDI) diesel engine were examined at both full and partial loads. Experimental results showed that tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester can be partially substituted for the diesel fuel at most operating conditions in terms of performance parameters and emissions without any engine modification and preheating of the blends.
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Use of tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester in a turbocharged indirect injection diesel engine
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2005Co-Authors: Nazim UstaAbstract:Abstract Vegetable oils and their Methyl/ethyl Esters are alternative renewable fuels for compression ignition engines. Different kinds of vegetable oils and their Methyl/ethyl Esters have been tested in diesel engines. However, tobacco seed oil and tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester have not been tested in diesel engines, yet. Tobacco seed oil is a non-edible vegetable oil and a by-product of tobacco leaves production. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first study on tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester as a fuel in diesel engines. In this study, potential tobacco seed production throughout the world, the oil extraction process from tobacco seed and the transEsterification process for biodiesel production were examined. The produced tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester was characterized by exposing its major properties. The effects of tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester addition to diesel No. 2 on the performance and emissions of a four cycle, four cylinder turbocharged indirect injection (IDI) diesel engine were examined at both full and partial loads. Experimental results showed that tobacco seed oil Methyl Ester can be partially substituted for the diesel fuel at most operating conditions in terms of performance parameters and emissions without any engine modification and preheating of the blends.
B. Ashok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An experimental study on the effect of nanoparticles with novel tamarind seed Methyl Ester for diesel engine applications
Energy Conversion and Management, 2018Co-Authors: V. Dhana Raju, P.s. Kishore, K. Nanthagopal, B. AshokAbstract:Abstract The present experimental research work is focused on enhancing the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a novel tamarind seed Methyl Ester using nanopartcles. Initially, the tamarind seed Methyl Ester is blended with diesel at 10%, 20% and 30% concentrations by volume and all the fuel samples have been tested in diesel engine for the selection of an optimum blend for nanoparticle addition. Then two nano additives namely alumina oxide and multi-walled carbon nano tubes are doped with an optimum tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend at concentrations of 30 ppm and 60 ppm for a comparative analysis. The study revealed that the addition of 60 ppm of alumina oxide with tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend has shown 1.6% higher brake thermal efficiency than that of tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend. The reformulation of tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend by nanoparticle addition has shown 15–51% and 24–68% reduction in carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions respectively. Further, oxides of nitrogen emission are reduced by 7–9% during nanoparticle addition with tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend. On the other hand, the nanoparticle addition with tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend is produced better combustion characteristics compared to tamarind seed Methyl Ester-diesel blend. Therefore, the present study showed that the diesel engine characteristics for tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend operation could be improved with dispersion of nanoparticle.
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influence of fuel injection pressures on calophyllum inophyllum Methyl Ester fuelled direct injection diesel engine
Energy Conversion and Management, 2016Co-Authors: K. Nanthagopal, B. AshokAbstract:Abstract The trend of using biodiesels in compression ignition engines have been the focus in recent decades due to the promising environmental factors and depletion of fossil fuel reserves. This work presents the effect of Calophyllum inophyllum Methyl Ester on diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics at different injection pressures. Experimental investigations with varying injection pressures of 200 bar, 220 bar and 240 bar have been carried out to analyse the parameters like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, heat release rate and engine emissions of direct injection diesel engine fuelled with 100% biodiesel and compared with neat diesel. The experimental results revealed that brake specific fuel consumption of C. inophyllum Methyl Ester fuelled engine has been reduced to a great extent with higher injection pressure. Significant reduction in emissions of unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and smoke opacity have been observed during fuel injection of biodiesel at 220 bar compared to other fuel injection pressures. However oxides of nitrogen increased with increase in injection pressures of C. inophyllum Methyl Ester and are always higher than that of neat diesel. In addition the combustion characteristics of biodiesel at all injection pressures followed a similar trend to that of conventional diesel.
K. Nanthagopal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An experimental study on the effect of nanoparticles with novel tamarind seed Methyl Ester for diesel engine applications
Energy Conversion and Management, 2018Co-Authors: V. Dhana Raju, P.s. Kishore, K. Nanthagopal, B. AshokAbstract:Abstract The present experimental research work is focused on enhancing the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a novel tamarind seed Methyl Ester using nanopartcles. Initially, the tamarind seed Methyl Ester is blended with diesel at 10%, 20% and 30% concentrations by volume and all the fuel samples have been tested in diesel engine for the selection of an optimum blend for nanoparticle addition. Then two nano additives namely alumina oxide and multi-walled carbon nano tubes are doped with an optimum tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend at concentrations of 30 ppm and 60 ppm for a comparative analysis. The study revealed that the addition of 60 ppm of alumina oxide with tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend has shown 1.6% higher brake thermal efficiency than that of tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend. The reformulation of tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend by nanoparticle addition has shown 15–51% and 24–68% reduction in carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions respectively. Further, oxides of nitrogen emission are reduced by 7–9% during nanoparticle addition with tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend. On the other hand, the nanoparticle addition with tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend is produced better combustion characteristics compared to tamarind seed Methyl Ester-diesel blend. Therefore, the present study showed that the diesel engine characteristics for tamarind seed Methyl Ester blend operation could be improved with dispersion of nanoparticle.
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influence of fuel injection pressures on calophyllum inophyllum Methyl Ester fuelled direct injection diesel engine
Energy Conversion and Management, 2016Co-Authors: K. Nanthagopal, B. AshokAbstract:Abstract The trend of using biodiesels in compression ignition engines have been the focus in recent decades due to the promising environmental factors and depletion of fossil fuel reserves. This work presents the effect of Calophyllum inophyllum Methyl Ester on diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics at different injection pressures. Experimental investigations with varying injection pressures of 200 bar, 220 bar and 240 bar have been carried out to analyse the parameters like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, heat release rate and engine emissions of direct injection diesel engine fuelled with 100% biodiesel and compared with neat diesel. The experimental results revealed that brake specific fuel consumption of C. inophyllum Methyl Ester fuelled engine has been reduced to a great extent with higher injection pressure. Significant reduction in emissions of unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and smoke opacity have been observed during fuel injection of biodiesel at 220 bar compared to other fuel injection pressures. However oxides of nitrogen increased with increase in injection pressures of C. inophyllum Methyl Ester and are always higher than that of neat diesel. In addition the combustion characteristics of biodiesel at all injection pressures followed a similar trend to that of conventional diesel.
Hirotaka Onoe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in vivo expression of cyclooxygenase 1 in activated microglia and macrophages during neuroinflammation visualized by pet with 11c ketoprofen Methyl Ester
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Miho Shukuri, Misato Takashimahirano, Keiko Tokuda, Tadayuki Takashima, Kiyoshi Matsumura, Masaaki Suzuki, Osamu Inoue, Hirotaka OnoeAbstract:Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 are prostanoid-synthesizing enzymes that play important roles in the regulation of neuroinflammation and in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the specific functions of these isoforms are still unclear. We recently developed 11 C-labeled ketoprofen Methyl Ester as a PET probe that targets the COXs for imaging neuroinflammation, though its responsible isoform is yet to be determined. In the present study, we performed ex vivo and in vivo imaging studies with 11 C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester and determined the contributions of the COX isoforms during the neuroinflammatory process. Methods: To identify the COX isoform responsible for 11 C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester in the brain, we examined the ex vivo autoradiography of 11C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester using COX-deficient mice. Time-dependent changes in accumulation of 11C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester during the neuroinflammatory process were evaluated by PET in rats with hemispheric neuroinflammation induced by intrastriatal injection of lipopolysaccharide or quinolinic acid. In both rat models, cell-type specificity of COX isoform expression during neuroinflammation was identified immunohistochemically. Results: Ex vivo autoradiographic analysis of COX-deficient mice revealed a significant reduction of 11 C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester accumulation only in COX-1–deficient mice, not COX-2–deficient mice. PET of rats after intrastriatal injection of lipopolysaccharide showed a significant increase in accumulation of 11 C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester in the inflamed area. This increase was evident at the early phase of 6 h, peaked at day 1, and then returned to basal levels by day 7. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the population of activated microglia and macrophages was elevated at the early phase with COX-1 expression but not COX-2. A significant increase in 11 C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester accumulation was also observed at day 1 after intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid, with increased COX-1–expressing activated microglia and macrophages. Conclusion: We have identified 11 C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester as a COX-1–selective PET probe, and using this, we have also demonstrated a time-dependent expression of COX-1 in activated microglia and macrophages during the neuroinflammatory process in the living brain. Thus, COX-1 may play a crucial role in
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in vivo expression of cyclooxygenase 1 in activated microglia and macrophages during neuroinflammation visualized by pet with 11c ketoprofen Methyl Ester
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Miho Shukuri, Misato Takashimahirano, Keiko Tokuda, Tadayuki Takashima, Kiyoshi Matsumura, Masaaki Suzuki, Osamu Inoue, Hisashi Doi, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Hirotaka OnoeAbstract:Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 are prostanoid-synthesizing enzymes that play important roles in the regulation of neuroinflammation and in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the specific functions of these isoforms are still unclear. We recently developed 11C-labeled ketoprofen Methyl Ester as a PET probe that targets the COXs for imaging neuroinflammation, though its responsible isoform is yet to be determined. In the present study, we performed ex vivo and in vivo imaging studies with 11C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester and determined the contributions of the COX isoforms during the neuroinflammatory process. Methods: To identify the COX isoform responsible for 11C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester in the brain, we examined the ex vivo autoradiography of 11C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester using COX-deficient mice. Time-dependent changes in accumulation of 11C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester during the neuroinflammatory process were evaluated by PET in rats with hemispheric neuroinflammation induced by intrastriatal injection of lipopolysaccharide or quinolinic acid. In both rat models, cell-type specificity of COX isoform expression during neuroinflammation was identified immunohistochemically. Results: Ex vivo autoradiographic analysis of COX-deficient mice revealed a significant reduction of 11C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester accumulation only in COX-1–deficient mice, not COX-2–deficient mice. PET of rats after intrastriatal injection of lipopolysaccharide showed a significant increase in accumulation of 11C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester in the inflamed area. This increase was evident at the early phase of 6 h, peaked at day 1, and then returned to basal levels by day 7. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the population of activated microglia and macrophages was elevated at the early phase with COX-1 expression but not COX-2. A significant increase in 11C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester accumulation was also observed at day 1 after intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid, with increased COX-1–expressing activated microglia and macrophages. Conclusion: We have identified 11C-ketoprofen Methyl Ester as a COX-1–selective PET probe, and using this, we have also demonstrated a time-dependent expression of COX-1 in activated microglia and macrophages during the neuroinflammatory process in the living brain. Thus, COX-1 may play a crucial role in the pathology of neuroinflammation and might be a critical target for the diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
Senthil T Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental study on the performance and emission measures of direct injection diesel engine with kapok Methyl Ester and its blends
Renewable Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Senthil T Kumar, Senthil P Kumar, K AnnamalaiAbstract:Abstract In this study, Kapok Methyl Ester was derived from Kapok seed oil by the two-step Esterification process. The two-step process consists of acid-catalyzed pretreatment, followed by alkaline-catalyzed transEsterification. The experimental investigation was carried out in a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine, and the performance and exhaust emissions of the engine were also studied for the different blends of Kapok Methyl Ester. The results showed that the exhaust gas temperature and specific fuel consumption are increased for rich blends of Kapok Methyl Ester, but the brake thermal efficiency is decreased for the same blends. The NO x emission is higher than that of diesel at all load conditions of the engine. The lean blend of the Kapok Methyl Ester has appreciable engine efficiencies, lower values of smoke, and lower CO and HC emissions. Thus, the experimental results proved that the Kapok Methyl Ester is one of the most suitable alternatives to diesel fuel.
