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Alan M Wing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metronome cueing of walking reduces gait variability after a cerebellar stroke
Frontiers in Neurology, 2016Co-Authors: Rachel L Wright, David Pratt, Catherine Sackley, Joseph W Bevins, Alan M WingAbstract:Cerebellar stroke typically results in increased variability during walking. Previous research has suggested that auditory-cueing reduces excessive variability in conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and post-stroke hemiparesis. The aim of this case report was to investigate whether the use of a Metronome cue during walking could reduce excessive variability in gait parameters after a cerebellar stroke. An elderly female with a history of cerebellar stroke and recurrent falling undertook 3 standard gait trials and 3 gait trials with an auditory Metronome. A Vicon system was used to collect 3-D marker trajectory data. The coefficient of variation was calculated for temporal and spatial gait parameters. Standard deviations of the joint angles were calculated and used to give a measure of joint kinematic variability. Step time, stance time and double support time variability were reduced with Metronome cueing. Variability in the sagittal hip, knee and ankle angles were reduced to normal values when walking to the Metronome. In summary, Metronome cueing resulted in a decrease in variability for step, stance and double support times and joint kinematics. Further research is needed to establish whether a Metronome may be useful in gait rehabilitation after cerebellar stroke, and whether this leads to a decreased risk of falling.
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Metronome cued stepping in place after hemiparetic stroke comparison of a one and two tone beat
International Scholarly Research Notices, 2013Co-Authors: Rachel L Wright, David Pratt, Afia Masood, Elinor S Maccormac, Catherine Sackley, Alan M WingAbstract:Hemiparetic gait is characterised by temporal asymmetry and variability, and these variables are improved by auditory cueing. Stepping in place incorporates aspects of gait and may be a useful tool for locomotor training. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the use of a single-tone and dual-tone Metronome to cue stepping in place after hemiparetic stroke. Eight participants completed an uncued baseline stepping condition and two cued stepping conditions utilising a single-tone and a dual-tone Metronome. Step times were determined from force plate data, and asymmetry and variability were calculated for the three conditions. Step time asymmetry was significantly reduced in the single-tone condition compared to baseline, and paretic step time variability was significantly reduced in both cued conditions. The single-tone Metronome appeared to be preferred to the dual-tone Metronome based on participant feedback. The results of this pilot study suggest that Metronome cueing produces similar benefits on stepping in place to previously reported findings in walking. Further research on whether stepping in place to a Metronome can be used for locomotor training is needed.
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hemiparetic stepping to the beat asymmetric response to Metronome phase shift during treadmill gait
Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 2010Co-Authors: Trudy A Pelton, Leif Johannsen, Huiya Chen, Alan M WingAbstract:Background: Walking in time with a Metronome is associated with improved spatiotemporal parameters in hemiparetic gait; however, the mechanism linking auditory and motor systems is poorly understood. Objective: Hemiparetic cadence control with Metronome synchronization was examined to determine specific influences of Metronome timing on treadmill walking. Methods: A within-participant experiment examined correction processes used to maintain heel strike synchrony with the beat by applying perturbations to the timing of a Metronome. Eight chronic hemiparetic participants (mean age = 70 years; standard deviation = 12) were required to synchronize heel strikes with Metronome pulses set according to each individualg's comfortable speed (mean 0.4 m/s). During five 100-pulse trials, a fixed-phase baseline was followed by 4 unpredictable Metronome phase shifts (20% of the interpulse interval), which amounted to 10 phase shifts on each foot. Infrared cameras recorded the motion of bilateral heel markers at 120 Hz. Relative asynchrony between heel strike responses and Metronome pulses was used to index compensation for Metronome phase shifts. Results: Participants demonstrated compensation for phase shifts with convergence back to preg-phase shift asynchrony. This was significantly slower when the error occurred on the nonparetic side (requiring initial correction with the paretic limb) compared with when the error occurred on the paretic side (requiring initial nonparetic correction). Conclusions: Although phase correction of gait is slowed when the phase shift is delivered to the nonparetic side compared with the paretic side, phase correction is still present. This may underlie the utility of rhythmic auditory cueing in hemiparetic gait rehabilitation.
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Low frequency rTMS effects on sensorimotor synchronization
Experimental Brain Research, 2005Co-Authors: Michail Doumas, Peter Praamstra, Alan M WingAbstract:Previous studies using low frequency (1 Hz) rTMS over the motor and premotor cortex have examined repetitive movements, but focused either on motor aspects of performance such as movement speed, or on variability of the produced intervals. A novel question is whether TMS affects the synchronization of repetitive movements with an external cue (sensorimotor synchronization). In the present study participants synchronized finger taps with the tones of an auditory Metronome. The aim of the study was to examine whether motor and premotor cortical inhibition induced by rTMS affects timing aspects of synchronization performance such as the coupling between the tap and the tone and error correction after a Metronome perturbation. Metronome sequences included perturbations corresponding to a change in the duration of a single interval (phase shifts) that were either small and below the threshold for conscious perception (10 ms) or large and perceivable (50 ms). Both premotor and motor cortex stimulation induced inhibition, as reflected in a lengthening of the silent period. Neither motor nor premotor cortex rTMS altered error correction after a phase shift. However, motor cortex stimulation made participants tap closer to the tone, yielding a decrease in tap-tone asynchrony. This provides the first neurophysiological demonstration of a dissociation between error correction and tap-tone asynchrony in sensorimotor synchronization. We discuss the results in terms of current theories of timing and error correction.
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the synchronisation of lower limb responses with a variable Metronome the effect of biomechanical constraints on timing
Gait & Posture, 2005Co-Authors: Huiya Chen, Alan M Wing, David PrattAbstract:Stepping in time with a Metronome has been reported to improve pathological gait. Although there have been many studies of finger tapping synchronisation tasks with a Metronome, the specific details of the influences of Metronome timing on walking remain unknown. As a preliminary to studying pathological control of gait timing, we designed an experiment with four synchronisation tasks, unilateral heel tapping in sitting, bilateral heel tapping in sitting, bilateral heel tapping in standing, and stepping on the spot, in order to examine the influence of biomechanical constraints on Metronome timing. These four conditions allow study of the effects of bilateral co-ordination and maintenance of balance on timing. Eight neurologically normal participants made heel tapping and stepping responses in synchrony with a Metronome producing 500 ms interpulse intervals. In each trial comprising 40 intervals, one interval, selected at random between intervals 15 and 30, was lengthened or shortened, which resulted in a shift in phase of all subsequent Metronome pulses. Performance measures were the speed of compensation for the phase shift, in terms of the temporal difference between the response and the Metronome pulse, i.e. asynchrony, and the standard deviation of the asynchronies and interresponse intervals of steady state synchronisation. The speed of compensation decreased with increase in the demands of maintaining balance. The standard deviation varied across conditions but was not related to the compensation speed. The implications of these findings for Metronome assisted gait are discussed in terms of a first-order linear correction account of synchronisation.
Rachel L Wright - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metronome cueing of walking reduces gait variability after a cerebellar stroke
Frontiers in Neurology, 2016Co-Authors: Rachel L Wright, David Pratt, Catherine Sackley, Joseph W Bevins, Alan M WingAbstract:Cerebellar stroke typically results in increased variability during walking. Previous research has suggested that auditory-cueing reduces excessive variability in conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and post-stroke hemiparesis. The aim of this case report was to investigate whether the use of a Metronome cue during walking could reduce excessive variability in gait parameters after a cerebellar stroke. An elderly female with a history of cerebellar stroke and recurrent falling undertook 3 standard gait trials and 3 gait trials with an auditory Metronome. A Vicon system was used to collect 3-D marker trajectory data. The coefficient of variation was calculated for temporal and spatial gait parameters. Standard deviations of the joint angles were calculated and used to give a measure of joint kinematic variability. Step time, stance time and double support time variability were reduced with Metronome cueing. Variability in the sagittal hip, knee and ankle angles were reduced to normal values when walking to the Metronome. In summary, Metronome cueing resulted in a decrease in variability for step, stance and double support times and joint kinematics. Further research is needed to establish whether a Metronome may be useful in gait rehabilitation after cerebellar stroke, and whether this leads to a decreased risk of falling.
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stepping to phase perturbed Metronome cues multisensory advantage in movement synchrony but not correction
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Rachel L Wright, Mark T ElliottAbstract:Humans can synchronize movements with auditory beats or rhythms without apparent effort. This ability to entrain to the beat is considered automatic, such that any perturbations are corrected for, even if the perturbation was not consciously noted. Temporal correction of upper limb (e.g., finger tapping) and lower limb (e.g., stepping) movements to a phase perturbed auditory beat usually results in individuals being back in phase after just a few beats. When a Metronome is presented in more than one sensory modality, a multisensory advantage is observed, with reduced temporal variability in finger tapping movements compared to unimodal conditions. Here, we investigate synchronization of lower limb movements (stepping in place) to auditory, visual and combined auditory-visual (AV) Metronome cues. In addition, we compare movement corrections to phase advance and phase delay perturbations in the Metronome for the three sensory modality conditions. We hypothesized that, as with upper limb movements, there would be a multisensory advantage, with stepping variability being lowest in the bimodal condition. As such, we further expected correction to the phase perturbation to be quickest in the bimodal condition. Our results revealed lower variability in the asynchronies between foot strikes and the Metronome beats in the bimodal condition, compared to unimodal conditions. However, while participants corrected substantially quicker to perturbations in auditory compared to visual Metronomes, there was no multisensory advantage in the phase correction task—correction under the bimodal condition was almost identical to the auditory-only (AO) condition. On the whole, we noted that corrections in the stepping task were smaller than those previously reported for finger tapping studies. We conclude that temporal corrections are not only affected by the reliability of the sensory information, but also the complexity of the movement itself.
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Metronome cued stepping in place after hemiparetic stroke comparison of a one and two tone beat
International Scholarly Research Notices, 2013Co-Authors: Rachel L Wright, David Pratt, Afia Masood, Elinor S Maccormac, Catherine Sackley, Alan M WingAbstract:Hemiparetic gait is characterised by temporal asymmetry and variability, and these variables are improved by auditory cueing. Stepping in place incorporates aspects of gait and may be a useful tool for locomotor training. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the use of a single-tone and dual-tone Metronome to cue stepping in place after hemiparetic stroke. Eight participants completed an uncued baseline stepping condition and two cued stepping conditions utilising a single-tone and a dual-tone Metronome. Step times were determined from force plate data, and asymmetry and variability were calculated for the three conditions. Step time asymmetry was significantly reduced in the single-tone condition compared to baseline, and paretic step time variability was significantly reduced in both cued conditions. The single-tone Metronome appeared to be preferred to the dual-tone Metronome based on participant feedback. The results of this pilot study suggest that Metronome cueing produces similar benefits on stepping in place to previously reported findings in walking. Further research on whether stepping in place to a Metronome can be used for locomotor training is needed.
David Pratt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metronome cueing of walking reduces gait variability after a cerebellar stroke
Frontiers in Neurology, 2016Co-Authors: Rachel L Wright, David Pratt, Catherine Sackley, Joseph W Bevins, Alan M WingAbstract:Cerebellar stroke typically results in increased variability during walking. Previous research has suggested that auditory-cueing reduces excessive variability in conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and post-stroke hemiparesis. The aim of this case report was to investigate whether the use of a Metronome cue during walking could reduce excessive variability in gait parameters after a cerebellar stroke. An elderly female with a history of cerebellar stroke and recurrent falling undertook 3 standard gait trials and 3 gait trials with an auditory Metronome. A Vicon system was used to collect 3-D marker trajectory data. The coefficient of variation was calculated for temporal and spatial gait parameters. Standard deviations of the joint angles were calculated and used to give a measure of joint kinematic variability. Step time, stance time and double support time variability were reduced with Metronome cueing. Variability in the sagittal hip, knee and ankle angles were reduced to normal values when walking to the Metronome. In summary, Metronome cueing resulted in a decrease in variability for step, stance and double support times and joint kinematics. Further research is needed to establish whether a Metronome may be useful in gait rehabilitation after cerebellar stroke, and whether this leads to a decreased risk of falling.
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Metronome cued stepping in place after hemiparetic stroke comparison of a one and two tone beat
International Scholarly Research Notices, 2013Co-Authors: Rachel L Wright, David Pratt, Afia Masood, Elinor S Maccormac, Catherine Sackley, Alan M WingAbstract:Hemiparetic gait is characterised by temporal asymmetry and variability, and these variables are improved by auditory cueing. Stepping in place incorporates aspects of gait and may be a useful tool for locomotor training. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the use of a single-tone and dual-tone Metronome to cue stepping in place after hemiparetic stroke. Eight participants completed an uncued baseline stepping condition and two cued stepping conditions utilising a single-tone and a dual-tone Metronome. Step times were determined from force plate data, and asymmetry and variability were calculated for the three conditions. Step time asymmetry was significantly reduced in the single-tone condition compared to baseline, and paretic step time variability was significantly reduced in both cued conditions. The single-tone Metronome appeared to be preferred to the dual-tone Metronome based on participant feedback. The results of this pilot study suggest that Metronome cueing produces similar benefits on stepping in place to previously reported findings in walking. Further research on whether stepping in place to a Metronome can be used for locomotor training is needed.
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the synchronisation of lower limb responses with a variable Metronome the effect of biomechanical constraints on timing
Gait & Posture, 2005Co-Authors: Huiya Chen, Alan M Wing, David PrattAbstract:Stepping in time with a Metronome has been reported to improve pathological gait. Although there have been many studies of finger tapping synchronisation tasks with a Metronome, the specific details of the influences of Metronome timing on walking remain unknown. As a preliminary to studying pathological control of gait timing, we designed an experiment with four synchronisation tasks, unilateral heel tapping in sitting, bilateral heel tapping in sitting, bilateral heel tapping in standing, and stepping on the spot, in order to examine the influence of biomechanical constraints on Metronome timing. These four conditions allow study of the effects of bilateral co-ordination and maintenance of balance on timing. Eight neurologically normal participants made heel tapping and stepping responses in synchrony with a Metronome producing 500 ms interpulse intervals. In each trial comprising 40 intervals, one interval, selected at random between intervals 15 and 30, was lengthened or shortened, which resulted in a shift in phase of all subsequent Metronome pulses. Performance measures were the speed of compensation for the phase shift, in terms of the temporal difference between the response and the Metronome pulse, i.e. asynchrony, and the standard deviation of the asynchronies and interresponse intervals of steady state synchronisation. The speed of compensation decreased with increase in the demands of maintaining balance. The standard deviation varied across conditions but was not related to the compensation speed. The implications of these findings for Metronome assisted gait are discussed in terms of a first-order linear correction account of synchronisation.
Michael D Lewek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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individuals with parkinson s disease retain spatiotemporal gait control with music and Metronome cues
Motor Control, 2021Co-Authors: Guneet Chawla, Nina Browner, Madelon Hoppe, Michael D LewekAbstract:The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in spatiotemporal gait measures induced by stepping to the beat of a Metronome and to music cues of various frequencies in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Twenty-one participants with Parkinson's disease were instructed to time their steps to a Metronome and music cues (at 85%, 100%, and 115% of overground cadence). The authors calculated cadence, cadence accuracy, and step length during each cue condition and an uncued control condition. The music and Metronome cues produced comparable results in cadence manipulation, with reduced cadence accuracy noted at slower intended frequencies. Nevertheless, the induced cadence elicited a concomitant alteration in step length. The music and Metronome cues produced comparable changes to gait, but suggest that temporal control is more limited at slower frequencies, presumably by the challenge of increasing the step length.
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the effects of Metronome frequency differentially affects gait on a treadmill and overground in people with parkinson disease
Gait & Posture, 2020Co-Authors: Madelon Hoppe, Guneet Chawla, Nina Browner, Michael D LewekAbstract:Abstract Background Treadmills and rhythmic auditory cueing can influence stepping rhythm for individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). Of concern, however, is that auditory cueing directly addresses the temporal features of gait, whereas adjusting step length may be more important for people with PD. Stepping to a faster cadence when walking overground may increase gait speed, but without requiring an increased step length. Furthermore, given the potentially valuable role of walking on a treadmill for individuals with PD, we are concerned that increasing cadence with rhythmic auditory cueing while walking at a constant treadmill speed will induce even shorter steps. Research question What is the effect of different Metronome cue frequencies on spatiotemporal gait parameters when walking overground compared to walking on a treadmill in people with PD? Methods Using a repeated-measures design, 21 people with PD (stage 1–3) walked overground and on a treadmill with and without Metronome cues of 85 %, 100 %, and 115 % of their baseline cadence frequency for one minute each. We assessed step length, and cadence during all conditions. Gait speed was assessed during overground gait. Results An interaction effect between cue frequency and walking environment revealed that participants took longer steps during the 85 % condition on the treadmill only. When walking overground, Metronome cues of 85 % and 115 % of baseline cadence yielded decreases and increases, respectively, in both cadence and gait speed with no associated change in step length. Significance These data suggest that people with PD are able to alter spatiotemporal gait parameters immediately when provided the appropriate Metronome cue and walking environment. We propose to target shortened step lengths by stepping to the beat of slow frequency auditory cues while walking on a treadmill, whereas the use of fast frequency cues during overground walking can facilitate faster walking speeds.
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the effects of Metronome frequency differentially affects gait on a treadmill and overground in people with parkinson s disease
medRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Madelon Wygand, Guneet Chawla, Nina Browner, Michael D LewekAbstract:Abstract Objective To determine the effect of different Metronome cue frequencies on spatiotemporal gait parameters when walking overground compared to walking on a treadmill in people with Parkinson’s disease Design Repeated-measures, within-subject design Setting Research laboratory Participants Twenty-one people with Parkinson’s disease (Hoehn & Yahr stage 1-3) Interventions Participants walked overground and on a treadmill with and without Metronome cues of 85%, 100%, and 115% of their baseline cadence for one minute each. Main Outcome Measures Gait speed, step length, and cadence Results An interaction effect between cue frequency and walking environment revealed that participants took longer steps during the 85% condition on the treadmill only. When walking overground, Metronome cues of 85% and 115% of baseline cadence yielded decreases and increases, respectively, in both cadence and gait speed with no concomitant change in step length. Conclusions These data suggest that people with PD are able to alter spatiotemporal gait parameters immediately when provided the appropriate Metronome cue and walking environment. We propose to target shortened step lengths by stepping to the beat of slow frequency auditory cues while walking on a treadmill, whereas the use of fast frequency cues during overground walking can facilitate faster walking speeds.
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individuals with parkinson s disease retain spatiotemporal gait control with music and Metronome cues
medRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Guneet Chawla, Madelon Wygand, Nina Browner, Michael D LewekAbstract:Background: Parkinson9s disease (PD) is marked by a loss of motor automaticity, resulting in decreased control of step length during gait. Rhythmic auditory cues (Metronomes or music) may enhance automaticity by adjusting cadence. Both Metronomes and music may offer distinct advantages, but prior attempts at quantifying their influence on spatiotemporal aspects of gait have been confounded by altered gait speeds from overground walking. We hypothesized that when gait speed is fixed, individuals with PD would experience difficulty in modifying cadence due to the concomitant requirement to alter step length, with greater changes noted with Metronomes compared to music cues. Research Question: Can a Metronome or music promote spatiotemporal adjustments when decoupled from changes in gait speed in individuals with PD? Methods: 21 participants with PD were instructed to time their steps to a Metronome and music cues (at 85%, 100%, and 115% of overground cadence) during treadmill walking. We calculated cadence, cadence accuracy, and step length during each cue condition and an uncued control condition. We compared the various cue frequencies and auditory modalities. Results: At fixed gait speeds, participants were able to increase and decrease cadence in response to auditory cues. Music and Metronome cues produced comparable results in cadence manipulation with greater cadence errors noted at slower intended frequencies. Nevertheless, the induced cadence changes created a concomitant alteration in step length, with music and Metronomes producing comparable changes. Notably, longer step lengths were induced with both music and Metronome during slow frequency cueing. Significance: This important change conflicts with conventional prescriptive approaches, which advocate for faster cue frequencies, if applied on a treadmill. The music and Metronome cues produced comparable changes to gait, suggesting that either cue may be effective at overcoming the shortened step lengths during treadmill walking if slower frequencies are used.
Linda A. Hinnov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Astronomical Metronome of geological consequence.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018Co-Authors: Linda A. HinnovAbstract:In PNAS, Kent et al. (1) describe a remarkable geochronologic correlation arising between the continental Triassic–Jurassic Newark Basin strata of eastern North America and the time-equivalent Chinle Formation of western North America that has far-reaching consequences for geology and astronomy, as follows. In geology, a reliable “Metronome” in the geologic record with a sufficiently short repeat time would greatly enhance the resolving power of the geologic timescale. Astronomers recognized the potential importance of a dominant 405-ky cycle in Earth’s orbital eccentricity variation for supplying such a Metronome (2, 3), leading geologists to turn to the stratigraphic record of astronomically forced paleoclimate change to search for this cycle. In fact, one of the first geological studies to describe 405-ky scale stratigraphic cycling was on the Triassic–Jurassic Newark Basin lacustrine strata (4, 5) recovered in the National Science Foundation-funded Newark Basin Coring Project, in which each of the prominent 60-m-thick McLaughlin cycles in the cored sequence was assigned a 412.885-ky periodicity based on a now-legacy analytical astronomical solution, BRE74/BER78 (6, 7). Since the 1990s, there have been dozens of reports for strong 405-ky scale cycles in stratigraphic sequences from around the world that appear to bear out this astronomical calculation (8). However, not one of these reports has presented incontrovertible support from independent geochronology that links specific 405-ky cycles, identified by their order of appearance relative to the present day, to those in the astronomical solution. Until now, this has included the Newark Basin, which, besides the flood basalts at the top of the core series, suffers from a lack of datable materials—for example, volcanic ashes—that could help establish a numerical timescale for the core series. In astronomy, the 405-ky cycle in Earth’s orbital eccentricity variation is due to a periodic interaction between the orbital motions of Venus (planet … [↵][1]1Email: lhinnov{at}gmu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1