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Paul Greenbank - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Undergraduate work experience: an alternative approach using Micro Businesses
Journal of Education and Training, 2002Co-Authors: Paul GreenbankAbstract:Examines the use of Micro‐Businesses for undergraduate placements on Business and management courses. Such Businesses are often not considered for placements by HEIs because graduates have tended to obtain employment in larger organisations. However, the graduate labour market is changing and Micro‐Businesses can be used as a vehicle for linking theory and practice and developing transferable skills. The research involved an in‐depth study of two cases where the author operated as a participant observer. Key factors contributing to the efficacy of the work experience were found to include the preparation of students for their placements; mentoring of both students and placement providers by a suitably qualified academic tutor; and support following the placement to help all the parties involved to reflect and learn from their experience. In particular there is a need for the development of effective learning networks consisting of students, Micro‐Business owner‐managers and placement tutors.
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objective setting in the Micro Business
International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 2001Co-Authors: Paul GreenbankAbstract:Contends that Micro‐Business owner‐managers invariably have objectives, although they do not always make them explicit. These objectives tend to relate to personal rather than Business criteria. In addition, the vast majority of Micro‐Business owner‐managers indicate little inclination to maximise profit or pursue growth. The supposed non‐existence and ambiguity of objectives amongst owner‐managers probably arise because they often subconsciously set objectives, rather than make them explicit as part of a written Business plan. In practice, Micro‐Businesses generally pursue a number of economic and non‐economic objectives relating to factors such as income levels, job satisfaction, working hours, control and flexibility. These objectives were derived from the influence of the Micro‐Business owner‐manager’s individual, social and economic contexts. Moreover, the behaviour of owner‐managers is most appropriately characterised in terms of satisficing behaviour. The impact of this is very important, because it means that there is often no drive to improve the Business in terms of growth, sales and profitability. Furthermore, the willingness of owner‐managers to alter their aspiration levels, if objectives were not being easily achieved, often means that they do not initiate changes in the way they run their Business when perhaps they should.
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Objective setting in the Micro‐Business
International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 2001Co-Authors: Paul GreenbankAbstract:Contends that Micro‐Business owner‐managers invariably have objectives, although they do not always make them explicit. These objectives tend to relate to personal rather than Business criteria. In addition, the vast majority of Micro‐Business owner‐managers indicate little inclination to maximise profit or pursue growth. The supposed non‐existence and ambiguity of objectives amongst owner‐managers probably arise because they often subconsciously set objectives, rather than make them explicit as part of a written Business plan. In practice, Micro‐Businesses generally pursue a number of economic and non‐economic objectives relating to factors such as income levels, job satisfaction, working hours, control and flexibility. These objectives were derived from the influence of the Micro‐Business owner‐manager’s individual, social and economic contexts. Moreover, the behaviour of owner‐managers is most appropriately characterised in terms of satisficing behaviour. The impact of this is very important, because it means that there is often no drive to improve the Business in terms of growth, sales and profitability. Furthermore, the willingness of owner‐managers to alter their aspiration levels, if objectives were not being easily achieved, often means that they do not initiate changes in the way they run their Business when perhaps they should.
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training Micro Business owner managers a challenge to current approaches
Journal of European Industrial Training, 2000Co-Authors: Paul GreenbankAbstract:Despite the importance of Micro‐Businesses to the UK economy, training has failed to recognise and take into account the way owner‐managers run such firms. These owner‐managers tend to combine informally absorbed information, heuristics and other short‐cut methods in a more intuitively‐based approach to decision making. Does not, however, advocate that more formalised and comprehensive forms of decision making should be adopted. Instead, suggests that intuitive methods of decision making may be the most appropriate for Micro‐Business owner‐managers. As such, training should attempt to reduce the types of bias that are inherent in more intuitive approaches to decision making.
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Training Micro‐Business owner‐managers: a challenge to current approaches
Journal of European Industrial Training, 2000Co-Authors: Paul GreenbankAbstract:Despite the importance of Micro‐Businesses to the UK economy, training has failed to recognise and take into account the way owner‐managers run such firms. These owner‐managers tend to combine informally absorbed information, heuristics and other short‐cut methods in a more intuitively‐based approach to decision making. Does not, however, advocate that more formalised and comprehensive forms of decision making should be adopted. Instead, suggests that intuitive methods of decision making may be the most appropriate for Micro‐Business owner‐managers. As such, training should attempt to reduce the types of bias that are inherent in more intuitive approaches to decision making.
Lawrence Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Representing Micro-Business Requirements Patterns with Associated Software Components
International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design, 2014Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:This paper proposes representations for Micro-Business requirements patterns with associated software components. The patterns must be comprehensible enough for Micro-Business owners without technical backgrounds but at the same time be technical enough for the software developers who use them during the design and development of software. Both objectives are somewhat conflicting and trade-offs have to be made regarding their representations. The pattern representations use a combination of tables, Business process models, goal graphs, labels, and UML component diagrams. First, the paper provides an example of a Micro-Business requirements pattern in the form of an inventory pattern and applies it in a real-world Micro-Business case, a clothes retail store. Through the example, it shows how the pattern is instantiated and associated with software components. Then, it shows how the patterns are applied in industrial practice, including the software development companies currently adapting and applying them, accompanied by observable strengths and weaknesses.
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A requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns
IEEE 7th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS), 2013Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Patterns aid in the development of software for Micro-Businesses. However, capturing recurring concepts in good representations for the purpose of requirements engineering is challenging. Such representations need to be intuitive enough so that non-technical people such as Micro-Business owners can understand them. At the same time, the representations have to be technical enough so that software developers can use them for software design and development. In this paper, we propose a requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns. We describe pattern emergence from observation and analysis. We list down and specify both the functional and nonfunctional requirements of the Micro-Business in a table and then represent the workflows using diagrams. We use a combination of a Business process modeling notation, softgoal interdependency graphs, and our own customized symbols. Four real-world Micro-Business cases are discussed in the paper in order to see both the strengths and weaknesses of our approach.
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RCIS - A requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns
IEEE 7th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS), 2013Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Patterns aid in the development of software for Micro-Businesses. However, capturing recurring concepts in good representations for the purpose of requirements engineering is challenging. Such representations need to be intuitive enough so that non-technical people such as Micro-Business owners can understand them. At the same time, the representations have to be technical enough so that software developers can use them for software design and development. In this paper, we propose a requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns. We describe pattern emergence from observation and analysis. We list down and specify both the functional and nonfunctional requirements of the Micro-Business in a table and then represent the workflows using diagrams. We use a combination of a Business process modeling notation, softgoal interdependency graphs, and our own customized symbols. Four real-world Micro-Business cases are discussed in the paper in order to see both the strengths and weaknesses of our approach.
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Micro Business behavior patterns associated with components in a requirements approach
Proceedings of the Second Edition of the International Workshop on Experiences and Empirical Studies in Software Modelling, 2012Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Micro-Businesses are the smallest enterprises and since they come in large numbers and are greatly diversified, they become difficult to define and classify. Micro-Businesses also have several resource restrictions. These ambiguities and constraints make software research and development difficult in the Micro-Business domain. Component-based development offers advantages for the software of Micro-Businesses. The reuse of components for common requirements minimizes resource consumption in their software projects. This paper provides a working definition for Micro-Businesses, observations of their behavior, working Micro-Business behavior patterns, and examples of real world applications on how the patterns help in software development through requirements. The Micro-Business behavior patterns are associated with components that will be used later on in the development of Micro-Business software systems.
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EESSMod@MoDELS - Micro-Business behavior patterns associated with components in a requirements approach
Proceedings of the Second Edition of the International Workshop on Experiences and Empirical Studies in Software Modelling - EESSMod '12, 2012Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Micro-Businesses are the smallest enterprises and since they come in large numbers and are greatly diversified, they become difficult to define and classify. Micro-Businesses also have several resource restrictions. These ambiguities and constraints make software research and development difficult in the Micro-Business domain. Component-based development offers advantages for the software of Micro-Businesses. The reuse of components for common requirements minimizes resource consumption in their software projects. This paper provides a working definition for Micro-Businesses, observations of their behavior, working Micro-Business behavior patterns, and examples of real world applications on how the patterns help in software development through requirements. The Micro-Business behavior patterns are associated with components that will be used later on in the development of Micro-Business software systems.
R J Macasaet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Representing Micro-Business Requirements Patterns with Associated Software Components
International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design, 2014Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:This paper proposes representations for Micro-Business requirements patterns with associated software components. The patterns must be comprehensible enough for Micro-Business owners without technical backgrounds but at the same time be technical enough for the software developers who use them during the design and development of software. Both objectives are somewhat conflicting and trade-offs have to be made regarding their representations. The pattern representations use a combination of tables, Business process models, goal graphs, labels, and UML component diagrams. First, the paper provides an example of a Micro-Business requirements pattern in the form of an inventory pattern and applies it in a real-world Micro-Business case, a clothes retail store. Through the example, it shows how the pattern is instantiated and associated with software components. Then, it shows how the patterns are applied in industrial practice, including the software development companies currently adapting and applying them, accompanied by observable strengths and weaknesses.
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A requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns
IEEE 7th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS), 2013Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Patterns aid in the development of software for Micro-Businesses. However, capturing recurring concepts in good representations for the purpose of requirements engineering is challenging. Such representations need to be intuitive enough so that non-technical people such as Micro-Business owners can understand them. At the same time, the representations have to be technical enough so that software developers can use them for software design and development. In this paper, we propose a requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns. We describe pattern emergence from observation and analysis. We list down and specify both the functional and nonfunctional requirements of the Micro-Business in a table and then represent the workflows using diagrams. We use a combination of a Business process modeling notation, softgoal interdependency graphs, and our own customized symbols. Four real-world Micro-Business cases are discussed in the paper in order to see both the strengths and weaknesses of our approach.
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RCIS - A requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns
IEEE 7th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS), 2013Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Patterns aid in the development of software for Micro-Businesses. However, capturing recurring concepts in good representations for the purpose of requirements engineering is challenging. Such representations need to be intuitive enough so that non-technical people such as Micro-Business owners can understand them. At the same time, the representations have to be technical enough so that software developers can use them for software design and development. In this paper, we propose a requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns. We describe pattern emergence from observation and analysis. We list down and specify both the functional and nonfunctional requirements of the Micro-Business in a table and then represent the workflows using diagrams. We use a combination of a Business process modeling notation, softgoal interdependency graphs, and our own customized symbols. Four real-world Micro-Business cases are discussed in the paper in order to see both the strengths and weaknesses of our approach.
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Micro Business behavior patterns associated with components in a requirements approach
Proceedings of the Second Edition of the International Workshop on Experiences and Empirical Studies in Software Modelling, 2012Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Micro-Businesses are the smallest enterprises and since they come in large numbers and are greatly diversified, they become difficult to define and classify. Micro-Businesses also have several resource restrictions. These ambiguities and constraints make software research and development difficult in the Micro-Business domain. Component-based development offers advantages for the software of Micro-Businesses. The reuse of components for common requirements minimizes resource consumption in their software projects. This paper provides a working definition for Micro-Businesses, observations of their behavior, working Micro-Business behavior patterns, and examples of real world applications on how the patterns help in software development through requirements. The Micro-Business behavior patterns are associated with components that will be used later on in the development of Micro-Business software systems.
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EESSMod@MoDELS - Micro-Business behavior patterns associated with components in a requirements approach
Proceedings of the Second Edition of the International Workshop on Experiences and Empirical Studies in Software Modelling - EESSMod '12, 2012Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Micro-Businesses are the smallest enterprises and since they come in large numbers and are greatly diversified, they become difficult to define and classify. Micro-Businesses also have several resource restrictions. These ambiguities and constraints make software research and development difficult in the Micro-Business domain. Component-based development offers advantages for the software of Micro-Businesses. The reuse of components for common requirements minimizes resource consumption in their software projects. This paper provides a working definition for Micro-Businesses, observations of their behavior, working Micro-Business behavior patterns, and examples of real world applications on how the patterns help in software development through requirements. The Micro-Business behavior patterns are associated with components that will be used later on in the development of Micro-Business software systems.
María Luisa Rodríguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Representing Micro-Business Requirements Patterns with Associated Software Components
International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design, 2014Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:This paper proposes representations for Micro-Business requirements patterns with associated software components. The patterns must be comprehensible enough for Micro-Business owners without technical backgrounds but at the same time be technical enough for the software developers who use them during the design and development of software. Both objectives are somewhat conflicting and trade-offs have to be made regarding their representations. The pattern representations use a combination of tables, Business process models, goal graphs, labels, and UML component diagrams. First, the paper provides an example of a Micro-Business requirements pattern in the form of an inventory pattern and applies it in a real-world Micro-Business case, a clothes retail store. Through the example, it shows how the pattern is instantiated and associated with software components. Then, it shows how the patterns are applied in industrial practice, including the software development companies currently adapting and applying them, accompanied by observable strengths and weaknesses.
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A requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns
IEEE 7th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS), 2013Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Patterns aid in the development of software for Micro-Businesses. However, capturing recurring concepts in good representations for the purpose of requirements engineering is challenging. Such representations need to be intuitive enough so that non-technical people such as Micro-Business owners can understand them. At the same time, the representations have to be technical enough so that software developers can use them for software design and development. In this paper, we propose a requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns. We describe pattern emergence from observation and analysis. We list down and specify both the functional and nonfunctional requirements of the Micro-Business in a table and then represent the workflows using diagrams. We use a combination of a Business process modeling notation, softgoal interdependency graphs, and our own customized symbols. Four real-world Micro-Business cases are discussed in the paper in order to see both the strengths and weaknesses of our approach.
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RCIS - A requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns
IEEE 7th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS), 2013Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Patterns aid in the development of software for Micro-Businesses. However, capturing recurring concepts in good representations for the purpose of requirements engineering is challenging. Such representations need to be intuitive enough so that non-technical people such as Micro-Business owners can understand them. At the same time, the representations have to be technical enough so that software developers can use them for software design and development. In this paper, we propose a requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns. We describe pattern emergence from observation and analysis. We list down and specify both the functional and nonfunctional requirements of the Micro-Business in a table and then represent the workflows using diagrams. We use a combination of a Business process modeling notation, softgoal interdependency graphs, and our own customized symbols. Four real-world Micro-Business cases are discussed in the paper in order to see both the strengths and weaknesses of our approach.
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Micro Business behavior patterns associated with components in a requirements approach
Proceedings of the Second Edition of the International Workshop on Experiences and Empirical Studies in Software Modelling, 2012Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Micro-Businesses are the smallest enterprises and since they come in large numbers and are greatly diversified, they become difficult to define and classify. Micro-Businesses also have several resource restrictions. These ambiguities and constraints make software research and development difficult in the Micro-Business domain. Component-based development offers advantages for the software of Micro-Businesses. The reuse of components for common requirements minimizes resource consumption in their software projects. This paper provides a working definition for Micro-Businesses, observations of their behavior, working Micro-Business behavior patterns, and examples of real world applications on how the patterns help in software development through requirements. The Micro-Business behavior patterns are associated with components that will be used later on in the development of Micro-Business software systems.
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EESSMod@MoDELS - Micro-Business behavior patterns associated with components in a requirements approach
Proceedings of the Second Edition of the International Workshop on Experiences and Empirical Studies in Software Modelling - EESSMod '12, 2012Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Micro-Businesses are the smallest enterprises and since they come in large numbers and are greatly diversified, they become difficult to define and classify. Micro-Businesses also have several resource restrictions. These ambiguities and constraints make software research and development difficult in the Micro-Business domain. Component-based development offers advantages for the software of Micro-Businesses. The reuse of components for common requirements minimizes resource consumption in their software projects. This paper provides a working definition for Micro-Businesses, observations of their behavior, working Micro-Business behavior patterns, and examples of real world applications on how the patterns help in software development through requirements. The Micro-Business behavior patterns are associated with components that will be used later on in the development of Micro-Business software systems.
José Luis Garrido - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Representing Micro-Business Requirements Patterns with Associated Software Components
International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design, 2014Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:This paper proposes representations for Micro-Business requirements patterns with associated software components. The patterns must be comprehensible enough for Micro-Business owners without technical backgrounds but at the same time be technical enough for the software developers who use them during the design and development of software. Both objectives are somewhat conflicting and trade-offs have to be made regarding their representations. The pattern representations use a combination of tables, Business process models, goal graphs, labels, and UML component diagrams. First, the paper provides an example of a Micro-Business requirements pattern in the form of an inventory pattern and applies it in a real-world Micro-Business case, a clothes retail store. Through the example, it shows how the pattern is instantiated and associated with software components. Then, it shows how the patterns are applied in industrial practice, including the software development companies currently adapting and applying them, accompanied by observable strengths and weaknesses.
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A requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns
IEEE 7th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS), 2013Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Patterns aid in the development of software for Micro-Businesses. However, capturing recurring concepts in good representations for the purpose of requirements engineering is challenging. Such representations need to be intuitive enough so that non-technical people such as Micro-Business owners can understand them. At the same time, the representations have to be technical enough so that software developers can use them for software design and development. In this paper, we propose a requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns. We describe pattern emergence from observation and analysis. We list down and specify both the functional and nonfunctional requirements of the Micro-Business in a table and then represent the workflows using diagrams. We use a combination of a Business process modeling notation, softgoal interdependency graphs, and our own customized symbols. Four real-world Micro-Business cases are discussed in the paper in order to see both the strengths and weaknesses of our approach.
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RCIS - A requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns
IEEE 7th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS), 2013Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Patterns aid in the development of software for Micro-Businesses. However, capturing recurring concepts in good representations for the purpose of requirements engineering is challenging. Such representations need to be intuitive enough so that non-technical people such as Micro-Business owners can understand them. At the same time, the representations have to be technical enough so that software developers can use them for software design and development. In this paper, we propose a requirements-based approach for representing Micro-Business patterns. We describe pattern emergence from observation and analysis. We list down and specify both the functional and nonfunctional requirements of the Micro-Business in a table and then represent the workflows using diagrams. We use a combination of a Business process modeling notation, softgoal interdependency graphs, and our own customized symbols. Four real-world Micro-Business cases are discussed in the paper in order to see both the strengths and weaknesses of our approach.
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Micro Business behavior patterns associated with components in a requirements approach
Proceedings of the Second Edition of the International Workshop on Experiences and Empirical Studies in Software Modelling, 2012Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Micro-Businesses are the smallest enterprises and since they come in large numbers and are greatly diversified, they become difficult to define and classify. Micro-Businesses also have several resource restrictions. These ambiguities and constraints make software research and development difficult in the Micro-Business domain. Component-based development offers advantages for the software of Micro-Businesses. The reuse of components for common requirements minimizes resource consumption in their software projects. This paper provides a working definition for Micro-Businesses, observations of their behavior, working Micro-Business behavior patterns, and examples of real world applications on how the patterns help in software development through requirements. The Micro-Business behavior patterns are associated with components that will be used later on in the development of Micro-Business software systems.
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EESSMod@MoDELS - Micro-Business behavior patterns associated with components in a requirements approach
Proceedings of the Second Edition of the International Workshop on Experiences and Empirical Studies in Software Modelling - EESSMod '12, 2012Co-Authors: R J Macasaet, Manuel Noguera, María Luisa Rodríguez, José Luis Garrido, Sam Supakkul, Lawrence ChungAbstract:Micro-Businesses are the smallest enterprises and since they come in large numbers and are greatly diversified, they become difficult to define and classify. Micro-Businesses also have several resource restrictions. These ambiguities and constraints make software research and development difficult in the Micro-Business domain. Component-based development offers advantages for the software of Micro-Businesses. The reuse of components for common requirements minimizes resource consumption in their software projects. This paper provides a working definition for Micro-Businesses, observations of their behavior, working Micro-Business behavior patterns, and examples of real world applications on how the patterns help in software development through requirements. The Micro-Business behavior patterns are associated with components that will be used later on in the development of Micro-Business software systems.