The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gaodao Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microdochium paspali a new species causing seashore paspalum disease in southern china
Mycologia, 2015Co-Authors: Wu Zhang, Zhibiao Nan, Pei Tian, Zhaoyin Gao, Gaodao LiuAbstract:A new species of Microdochium was identified as the causal agent of leaf blight of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), a turf grass widely used in tropical and subtropical golf courses. In 2010 foliar necrosis and canopy thinning were observed on 11 surveyed golf courses in Hainan province, China, especially on fairways and putting greens. The infected leaves initially appeared water-soaked and dark green, rapidly faded to yellow or became chlorotic and quickly died, resulting in a sparse appearance in infected areas, leading to the disease name "sparse leaf patch." Isolates with rich and light pink to yellow mycelia and salmon-colored pionnotes were cultured from diseased turf foliage. Pathogenicity was demonstrated by inoculating these isolates onto "seaspray" seashore paspalum. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1-5.8S-internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) and β-tubulin (BenA) indicated these isolates formed as a distinct clade within Microdochium (Xylariales). Further microscopic examination demonstrated that the species was morphologically distinct from three similar species of Microdochium. The name Microdochium paspali sp. nov. is proposed for this novel fungal pathogen.
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Microdochium paspali, a new species causing seashore paspalum disease in southern China
Mycologia, 2014Co-Authors: Wu Zhang, Zhibiao Nan, Pei Tian, Zhaoyin Gao, Gaodao LiuAbstract:A new species of Microdochium was identified as the causal agent of leaf blight of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), a turf grass widely used in tropical and subtropical golf courses. In 2010 foliar necrosis and canopy thinning were observed on 11 surveyed golf courses in Hainan province, China, especially on fairways and putting greens. The infected leaves initially appeared water-soaked and dark green, rapidly faded to yellow or became chlorotic and quickly died, resulting in a sparse appearance in infected areas, leading to the disease name "sparse leaf patch." Isolates with rich and light pink to yellow mycelia and salmon-colored pionnotes were cultured from diseased turf foliage. Pathogenicity was demonstrated by inoculating these isolates onto "seaspray" seashore paspalum. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1-5.8S-internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-alpha) and beta-tubulin (BenA) indicated these isolates formed as a distinct clade within Microdochium (Xylariales). Further microscopic examination demonstrated that the species was morphologically distinct from three similar species of Microdochium. The name Microdochium paspali sp. nov. is proposed for this novel fungal pathogen.
Pierre Leroux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First occurrence of resistance to strobilurin fungicides in Microdochium nivale and Microdochium majus from French naturally infected wheat grains.
Pest management science, 2009Co-Authors: Anne Sophie Walker, Christiane Auclair, Michel Gredt, Pierre LerouxAbstract:BACKGROUND:Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & Hallet and Microdochium majus (Wollenweber) belong to the Fusarium ear blight (FEB) fungal complex affecting cereals. In 2007 and 2008, major Microdochium sp. infestations were observed in France, and the efficacy of strobilurins was found to be altered in some field trials. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity to strobilurins of French isolates of Microdochium and to characterise the possible mechanisms of resistance. RESULTS: Half of the strains collected in 2007 were resistant to strobilurins, and most also displayed strong resistance to benzimidazoles. Strobilurin resistance was found mostly in M. majus isolates. Positive cross-resistance was observed between all strobilurins tested, but not with the phenylpyrrole derivative fludioxonil and the various classes of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBIs). In most strains, resistance was correlated with the G143A substitution in cytochrome b, the molecular target of strobilurins. Two other mechanisms were also detected at lower frequencies. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of strobilurin resistance in Microdochium. Several resistance mechanisms have evolved independently in populations and may have different impacts on field efficacy. This makes the accurate detection and quantification of QoI resistance difficult. The management of field resistance and efficacy must be adapted to take these findings into account. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
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First occurrence of resistance to strobilurin fungicides in Microdochium nivale and Microdochium majus from French naturally infected wheat grains
Pest Management Science, 2009Co-Authors: Anne Sophie Walker, Christiane Auclair, Michel Gredt, Pierre LerouxAbstract:BACKGROUND: Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & Hallet and Microdochium majus (Wollenweber) belong to the Fusarium ear blight (FEB) fungal complex affecting cereals. In 2007 and 2008, major Microdochium sp. infestations were observed in France, and the efficacy of strobilurins was found to be altered in some field trials. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity to strobilurins of French isolates of Microdochium and to characterise the possiblemechanisms of resistance. RESULTS: Half of the strains collected in 2007 were resistant to strobilurins, and most also displayed strong resistance to benzimidazoles. Strobilurin resistance was found mostly in M. majus isolates. Positive cross-resistance was observed between all strobilurins tested, but not with the phenylpyrrole derivative fludioxonil and the various classes of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBIs). In most strains, resistance was correlated with the G143A substitution in cytochrome b, the molecular target of strobilurins. Two othermechanismswere also detected at lower frequencies. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of strobilurin resistance in Microdochium. Several resistance mechanisms have evolved independently in populations and may have different impacts on field efficacy. This makes the accurate detection and quantification of QoI resistance difficult. The management of field resistance and efficacy must be adapted to take these findings into account.
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Inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis by morpholine, piperidine, and spiroketalamine fungicides in Microdochium nivale : Effect on sterol composition and sterol Δ8 → Δ7-isomerase activity
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2000Co-Authors: Danièle Debieu, Michel Gredt, Jocelyne Bach, Annick Arnold, Sandrine Brousset, Maryse Taton, Alain Rahier, Christian Malosse, Pierre LerouxAbstract:Abstract Microdochium nivale , a wheat pathogenic filamentous fungus, appeared to be very sensitive in in vivo laboratory assays to fenpropimorph and tridemorph and to a lesser extent to fenpropidin, piperalin, and spiroxamine. It accumulated Δ 8 -sterols when grown in the presence of one of these sterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Thus, in M. nivale , these fungicides seemed to be very good inhibitors of the sterol Δ 8 → Δ 7 -isomerase. This hypothesis was then confirmed by sterol Δ 8 → Δ 7 -isomerase inhibition assays in cell-free enzyme systems.
Zhibiao Nan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microdochium tabacinum, Confirmed as a Pathogen of Alfalfa in Gansu Province, China.
Plant disease, 2015Co-Authors: Zhaohui Wen, Tingyu Duan, Michael J. Christensen, Zhibiao NanAbstract:A crown and root rot complex was detected in the alfalfa (Medicago sativa 'Longdong') fields of Huanxian County. The symptoms of the diseased plants were characterized, and 11 fungal species were obtained from the roots. These fungi included isolates that resembled the genus Microdochium. An isolate of this type, designated MP313, was proven to infect alfalfa, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Isolate MP313 was examined by microscopy and the morphological characteristics indicated that it was similar to members of the genus Microdochium. Sequence analyses of the 28S large subunit as well as the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of MP313 revealed 98 to 100% similarity to the corresponding regions of M. tabacinum. A polymerase chain reaction assay based on the ITS region of the rDNA was developed to amplify a 304-bp fragment from DNA concentrations as low as 20 fg/μl, which was sensitive enough to detect isolate MP313 in diseased root samples. Taken together, these results confirmed that M. tabacinum was one of a complex of fungi associated with crown and root rot in the alfalfa samples collected in Gansu Province. This is the first report of M. tabacinum being a pathogen of alfalfa in China.
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Microdochium paspali a new species causing seashore paspalum disease in southern china
Mycologia, 2015Co-Authors: Wu Zhang, Zhibiao Nan, Pei Tian, Zhaoyin Gao, Gaodao LiuAbstract:A new species of Microdochium was identified as the causal agent of leaf blight of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), a turf grass widely used in tropical and subtropical golf courses. In 2010 foliar necrosis and canopy thinning were observed on 11 surveyed golf courses in Hainan province, China, especially on fairways and putting greens. The infected leaves initially appeared water-soaked and dark green, rapidly faded to yellow or became chlorotic and quickly died, resulting in a sparse appearance in infected areas, leading to the disease name "sparse leaf patch." Isolates with rich and light pink to yellow mycelia and salmon-colored pionnotes were cultured from diseased turf foliage. Pathogenicity was demonstrated by inoculating these isolates onto "seaspray" seashore paspalum. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1-5.8S-internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) and β-tubulin (BenA) indicated these isolates formed as a distinct clade within Microdochium (Xylariales). Further microscopic examination demonstrated that the species was morphologically distinct from three similar species of Microdochium. The name Microdochium paspali sp. nov. is proposed for this novel fungal pathogen.
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Microdochium paspali, a new species causing seashore paspalum disease in southern China
Mycologia, 2014Co-Authors: Wu Zhang, Zhibiao Nan, Pei Tian, Zhaoyin Gao, Gaodao LiuAbstract:A new species of Microdochium was identified as the causal agent of leaf blight of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), a turf grass widely used in tropical and subtropical golf courses. In 2010 foliar necrosis and canopy thinning were observed on 11 surveyed golf courses in Hainan province, China, especially on fairways and putting greens. The infected leaves initially appeared water-soaked and dark green, rapidly faded to yellow or became chlorotic and quickly died, resulting in a sparse appearance in infected areas, leading to the disease name "sparse leaf patch." Isolates with rich and light pink to yellow mycelia and salmon-colored pionnotes were cultured from diseased turf foliage. Pathogenicity was demonstrated by inoculating these isolates onto "seaspray" seashore paspalum. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1-5.8S-internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-alpha) and beta-tubulin (BenA) indicated these isolates formed as a distinct clade within Microdochium (Xylariales). Further microscopic examination demonstrated that the species was morphologically distinct from three similar species of Microdochium. The name Microdochium paspali sp. nov. is proposed for this novel fungal pathogen.
Wu Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microdochium paspali a new species causing seashore paspalum disease in southern china
Mycologia, 2015Co-Authors: Wu Zhang, Zhibiao Nan, Pei Tian, Zhaoyin Gao, Gaodao LiuAbstract:A new species of Microdochium was identified as the causal agent of leaf blight of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), a turf grass widely used in tropical and subtropical golf courses. In 2010 foliar necrosis and canopy thinning were observed on 11 surveyed golf courses in Hainan province, China, especially on fairways and putting greens. The infected leaves initially appeared water-soaked and dark green, rapidly faded to yellow or became chlorotic and quickly died, resulting in a sparse appearance in infected areas, leading to the disease name "sparse leaf patch." Isolates with rich and light pink to yellow mycelia and salmon-colored pionnotes were cultured from diseased turf foliage. Pathogenicity was demonstrated by inoculating these isolates onto "seaspray" seashore paspalum. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1-5.8S-internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) and β-tubulin (BenA) indicated these isolates formed as a distinct clade within Microdochium (Xylariales). Further microscopic examination demonstrated that the species was morphologically distinct from three similar species of Microdochium. The name Microdochium paspali sp. nov. is proposed for this novel fungal pathogen.
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Microdochium paspali, a new species causing seashore paspalum disease in southern China
Mycologia, 2014Co-Authors: Wu Zhang, Zhibiao Nan, Pei Tian, Zhaoyin Gao, Gaodao LiuAbstract:A new species of Microdochium was identified as the causal agent of leaf blight of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), a turf grass widely used in tropical and subtropical golf courses. In 2010 foliar necrosis and canopy thinning were observed on 11 surveyed golf courses in Hainan province, China, especially on fairways and putting greens. The infected leaves initially appeared water-soaked and dark green, rapidly faded to yellow or became chlorotic and quickly died, resulting in a sparse appearance in infected areas, leading to the disease name "sparse leaf patch." Isolates with rich and light pink to yellow mycelia and salmon-colored pionnotes were cultured from diseased turf foliage. Pathogenicity was demonstrated by inoculating these isolates onto "seaspray" seashore paspalum. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1-5.8S-internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-alpha) and beta-tubulin (BenA) indicated these isolates formed as a distinct clade within Microdochium (Xylariales). Further microscopic examination demonstrated that the species was morphologically distinct from three similar species of Microdochium. The name Microdochium paspali sp. nov. is proposed for this novel fungal pathogen.
Rumiana V. Ray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Yield losses and control by sedaxane and fludioxonil of soil-borne Rhizoctonia, Microdochium and Fusarium species in winter wheat
Plant disease, 2021Co-Authors: Matthew Brown, Dasuni Jayaweera, Annabel Hunt, James W. Woodhall, Rumiana V. RayAbstract:Soil-borne Rhizoctonia, Microdochium and Fusarium species are major causal agents of seedling and stem-base diseases in wheat and currently seed treatments are considered the most effective solution for their control. Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis groups (AGs) 2-1 and 5, R. cerealis, Microdochium and Fusarium spp. were used in series of field experiments to determine their capability to cause soil-borne and stem-base disease and to quantify their comparative losses in establishment and yield of wheat. The effectiveness and the response to seed treatment formulated of 10 g sedaxane and 5 g fludioxonil 100 kg-1 against these soil-borne pathogens were also determined. Our results showed that damping off caused by soil-borne R. cerealis was associated with significant reductions in emergence and establishment resulting in stunted growth and low plant numbers. The pathogen also caused sharp eyespot associated with reductions in ear partitioning index. R. solani AG 2-1 or AG 5 were weakly pathogenic and failed to cause significant damping off, root rot or stem-base disease in wheat. Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum applied as soil-borne inoculum failed to cause severe disease. Microdochium spp. caused brown foot rot disease and soil-borne M. nivale reduced wheat emergence. Application of sedaxane and fludioxonil increased plant emergence and reduced damping off, early stem-base disease and brown foot rot thus providing protection against multiple soil-borne pathogens. R. cerealis reduced thousand grain weight by 3.6% whilst seed treatment of fludioxonil and sedaxane against soil-borne R. cerealis or M. nivale resulted in 4% yield increase.
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Canopy and Ear Traits Associated With Avoidance of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat
Frontiers Media S.A., 2018Co-Authors: Stephen Jones, Arifa Farooqi, John Foulkes, Debbie L. Sparkes, Robert Linforth, Rumiana V. RayAbstract:Doubled haploid and elite wheat genotypes were ground inoculated in three field experiments and head spray inoculated in two glasshouse experiments, using mixed Fusarium and Microdochium species, to identify crop canopy and ear traits associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease. In all experiments, flag leaf length and tiller number were consistently identified as the most significant canopy traits contributing to progression of FHB caused by Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum. The influence of ear traits was greater for F. poae that may possess more diverse routes for transmission and spread. Consistently, spikelet density was associated with increased disease severity in the field. F. graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. langsethiae were the main mycotoxin producers and their respective toxins were significantly related to fungal biomass and number of spikelets per ear. Genotypes with lower tiller numbers, shorter flag leaves and less dense ears may be able to avoid FHB disease caused by F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, or Microdochium species however selection for these canopy and ear architectural traits to enable disease avoidance in wheat is likely to result in a potential trade-off with grain yield and therefore only moderately advantageous in susceptible genotypes
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Table_1_Canopy and Ear Traits Associated With Avoidance of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat.xls
2018Co-Authors: Stephen Jones, Arifa Farooqi, John Foulkes, Debbie L. Sparkes, Robert Linforth, Rumiana V. RayAbstract:Doubled haploid and elite wheat genotypes were ground inoculated in three field experiments and head spray inoculated in two glasshouse experiments, using mixed Fusarium and Microdochium species, to identify crop canopy and ear traits associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease. In all experiments, flag leaf length and tiller number were consistently identified as the most significant canopy traits contributing to progression of FHB caused by Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum. The influence of ear traits was greater for F. poae that may possess more diverse routes for transmission and spread. Consistently, spikelet density was associated with increased disease severity in the field. F. graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. langsethiae were the main mycotoxin producers and their respective toxins were significantly related to fungal biomass and number of spikelets per ear. Genotypes with lower tiller numbers, shorter flag leaves and less dense ears may be able to avoid FHB disease caused by F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, or Microdochium species however selection for these canopy and ear architectural traits to enable disease avoidance in wheat is likely to result in a potential trade-off with grain yield and therefore only moderately advantageous in susceptible genotypes.
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Data_Sheet_1_Canopy and Ear Traits Associated With Avoidance of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat.XLSX
2018Co-Authors: Stephen Jones, Arifa Farooqi, John Foulkes, Debbie L. Sparkes, Robert Linforth, Rumiana V. RayAbstract:Doubled haploid and elite wheat genotypes were ground inoculated in three field experiments and head spray inoculated in two glasshouse experiments, using mixed Fusarium and Microdochium species, to identify crop canopy and ear traits associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease. In all experiments, flag leaf length and tiller number were consistently identified as the most significant canopy traits contributing to progression of FHB caused by Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum. The influence of ear traits was greater for F. poae that may possess more diverse routes for transmission and spread. Consistently, spikelet density was associated with increased disease severity in the field. F. graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. langsethiae were the main mycotoxin producers and their respective toxins were significantly related to fungal biomass and number of spikelets per ear. Genotypes with lower tiller numbers, shorter flag leaves and less dense ears may be able to avoid FHB disease caused by F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, or Microdochium species however selection for these canopy and ear architectural traits to enable disease avoidance in wheat is likely to result in a potential trade-off with grain yield and therefore only moderately advantageous in susceptible genotypes.
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Identification of novel quantitative trait loci for resistance to Fusarium seedling blight caused by Microdochium majus and M. nivale in wheat
Field Crops Research, 2016Co-Authors: Runsheng Ren, J. Foulkes, Sean Mayes, Xingping Yang, Rumiana V. RayAbstract:Abstract Microdochium nivale and Microdochium majus are important causal agents of Fusarium seedling blight (FSB) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and other cereals worldwide. A doubled-haploid population derived from a cross between the winter wheat Rialto and a CIMMYT spring wheat advanced line LSP2, differing in susceptibility to FSB and FHB, was assessed for resistance against the diseases caused by individual Microdochium species under controlled environment and field conditions. A linkage map constructed with DArT and SSR markers was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance against the FSB and FHB. Single, major QTLs for resistance to FSB caused by M. majus and M. nivale were found on the chromosomes 1AL and 2BS, respectively. The total phenotypic variation accounted for by the individual QTLs ranged from 42.2% to 57.7% depending on the causal organism of the disease. QTLs for emergence rate of infected seeds with both Microdochium species were also identified on chromosomes 1B and 2DS. Three QTLs conferring FHB resistance to M. majus were mapped on chromosomes 1D, 4B and 5A, explaining a total of 35.1% of the phenotypic variance. One QTL conferring FHB resistance to M. nivale was detected on chromosome 6B and accounted for 20.7% of the total phenotypic variance. We show that QTLs for resistance to FSB and FHB caused by M. majus and M. nivale are different and likely to be species-specific, suggesting that improved resistance to the diseases of the Fusarium complex can be achieved by combining their effects through crop breeding.
