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Zofrano Sultani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modernisasi Deng Xiaoping di Republik Rakyat Cina & Pengaruhnya di Kawasan Asia Timur (1976-1991)
2018Co-Authors: Zofrano SultaniAbstract:ABSTRAK Sultani, Zofrano. 2018. Modernization of Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China and its Influence in East Asia (1976-1991). Thesis B.A. unpublished. Malang: Department of History Faculty of Social Sciences State University of Malang. Guide Lecturers (I): Dr. Ari Sapto, M.Hum., Guide Lecturers (II): Dra. Yuliati, M.Hum. Keyword: Modernization of Deng Xiaoping, politic and Military, East Asia region, People’s Republic of China (PRC), and Cold War. This thesis bachelor (skripsi) discusses how the modernization of Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China (PRC) has had an influence in East Asia as a geopolitical area of development and Military Defense in upholding sovereignty, building resource needs domestically and homeland unity faced threats from the United States (US), Japan, South Korea and Soviet Union. The purpose of the study: (1). To explain the background of modernization by Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China, (2). To analyze the modernization process undertaken by Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China, and (3). To analyze the influence of modernization by Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China in the East Asia Region. The research method used is literature study research method (library study research method). In addition, government electronic documents on Results of the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the China Communist Party and the National Congress 1982 were held as a contemporary document to clarify Deng Xiaoping's modernization. These two documents imply the importance of East Asia in the future for China. This historical research uses a structurist model. The results of this research are (1). Deng Xiaoping's modernization background in PRC (People's Republic of China) relates to the problem of perspective differences between Mao Zedong's conservative-dogmatic and revisionist-moderate Deng Xiaoping's faction on the development of agriculturally or industrial-oriented countries such as the US and Europe. In addition, the development of the PRC after independence during the 1950-1960s was funded by the Soviet Union and worked on Soviet scientists, so that the Great Leap Forward & Cultural Revolution emerged, which was a form of Mao's protest against Soviet intervention in China domestic development, (2). the modernization process of Deng Xiaoping sought to build the post-Mao state's productive power, as a solution to domestic problems with the internal consolidation of the China Communist Party and relations with the United States, South Korea, Japan and the Soviets. Deng Xiaoping's international political strategy earned foreign investment destined for development such as infrastructure, socio-economic, and Military Defense. (3). the influence of this modernization process affected East Asia as geopolitical of the People's Republic of China during the Cold War period in order to strengthen and uphold the PRC's political and Military supremacy in East Asia. In addition, Deng Xiaoping modernizes have united the lost homeland and fought against US (United States) imperialism and hegemonism and defended world peace
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Modernisasi Deng Xiaoping di Republik Rakyat Cina & Pengaruhnya di Kawasan Asia Timur (1976-1991)
2018Co-Authors: Zofrano SultaniAbstract:Sultani, Zofrano . 2018. Modernisasi Deng Xiaoping di Republik Rakyat Cina dan Pengaruhnya di Kawasan Asia Timur (1976-1991). Skripsi S1 tidak diterbitkan. Malang: Jurusan Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Malang. Dosen Pembimbing (I): Dr. Ari Sapto, M.Hum., Dosen Pembimbing (II): Dra. Yuliati, M.Hum.Skripsi sarjana ini membahas bagaimana modernisasi Deng Xiaoping di Republik Rakyat Cina (RRC) membawa pengaruh di Asia Timur sebagai geopolitik wilayah pembangunan dan pertahanan militer dalam menegakkan kedaulatan, membangun keperluan sumber daya di dalam negeri dan persatuan tanah air menghadapi ancaman dari Amerika Serikat (AS), Jepang, Korea Selatan dan Uni Sovyet. Tujuan penelitian: (1). Untuk menjelaskan latar belakang modernisasi oleh Deng Xiaoping di Republik Rakyat Cina, (2). Untuk menganalisis proses modernisasi yang dilakukan oleh Deng Xiaoping di Republik Rakyat Cina, dan (3). Untuk menganalisis pengaruh modernisasi oleh Deng Xiaoping di Republik Rakyat Cina di Kawasan Asia Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan. Peneliti menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Di samping itu, digunakan dokumen elektronik pemerintah tentang Hasil Keputusan Sidang Pleno ke-3 Komite Sentral Partai Komunis Cina ke-11 tahun 1978 dan Kongres Nasional tahun 1982 sebagai dokumen sezaman untuk memperjelas modernisasi Deng Xiaoping. Di dalam 2 dokumen tersebut menyiratkan arti penting Asia Timur ke depannya bagi Cina. Penelitian sejarah ini menggunakan model strukturis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1). latar belakang modernisasi Deng Xiaoping di RRC berkaitan perbedaan perspektif antara kubu konservatif-dogmatis Mao Zedong dan kubu revisionis-moderat Deng Xiaoping mengenai pembangunan negara yang berorientasi pertanian atau industri seperti negara AS dan Eropa. Selain itu, pembangunan RRC setelah merdeka selama tahun 1950-1960an didanai Uni Soviet dan dikerjakan ilmuwan Sovyet, sehingga muncul peristiwa Great Leap Forward & Revolusi Kebudayaan, yang merupakan bentuk protes kubu Mao atas intervensi Sovyet di dalam pembangunan dalam negeri, (2). proses modernisasi Deng Xiaoping berupaya membangun kekuatan produktif negara pasca Mao, sebagai penyelesaian masalah dalam negeri dengan konsolidasi internal Partai Komunis Cina dan menjalin hubungan dengan AS, Korea Selatan, Jepang, dan Sovyet. Strategi politik internasional Deng Xiaoping tersebut memperoleh investasi asing yang diperuntukkan untuk pembangunan seperti infrastruktur, sosial-ekonomi, dan pertahanan militer. (3). pengaruh dari proses modernisasi ini berimbas pada Asia Timur sebagai geopolitik Republik Rakyat Cina selama masa Perang Dingin dalam rangka memperkuat dan menegakkan supremasi politik-militer RRC di Asia Timur. Selain itu, modernisasi Deng Xiaoping telah menyatukan tanah air yang hilang dan berjuang melawan imperialisme dan hegemonisme AS (Amerika Serikat) serta membela perdamaian dunia. Sultani, Zofrano Ibrahimsyah Magribi. 2018. Modernization of Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China and its Influence in East Asia (1976-1991). Thesis B.A. unpublished. Malang: Department of History Faculty of Social Sciences State University of Malang. Guide Lecturers (I): Dr. Ari Sapto, M.Hum., Guide Lecturers (II): Dra. Yuliati, M.Hum.This thesis bachelor (skripsi) discusses how the modernization of Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China (PRC) has had an influence in East Asia as a geopolitical area of development and Military Defense in upholding sovereignty, building resource needs domestically and homeland unity faced threats from the United States (US), Japan, South Korea and Soviet Union. The purpose of the study: (1). To explain the background of modernization by Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China, (2). To analyze the modernization process undertaken by Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China, and (3). To analyze the influence of modernization by Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China in the East Asia Region. The research method used is literature study research method (library study research method). In addition, government electronic documents on Results of the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the China Communist Party and the National Congress 1982 were held as a contemporary document to clarify Deng Xiaoping's modernization. These two documents imply the importance of East Asia in the future for China. This historical research uses a structurist model. The results of this research are (1). Deng Xiaoping's modernization background in PRC (People's Republic of China) relates to the problem of perspective differences between Mao Zedong's conservative-dogmatic and revisionist-moderate Deng Xiaoping's faction on the development of agriculturally or industrial-oriented countries such as the US and Europe. In addition, the development of the PRC after independence during the 1950-1960s was funded by the Soviet Union and worked on Soviet scientists, so that the Great Leap Forward & Cultural Revolution emerged, which was a form of Mao's protest against Soviet intervention in China domestic development, (2). the modernization process of Deng Xiaoping sought to build the post-Mao state's productive power, as a solution to domestic problems with the internal consolidation of the China Communist Party and relations with the United States, South Korea, Japan and the Soviets. Deng Xiaoping's international political strategy earned foreign investment destined for development such as infrastructure, socio-economic, and Military Defense. (3). the influence of this modernization process affected East Asia as geopolitical of the People's Republic of China during the Cold War period in order to strengthen and uphold the PRC's political and Military supremacy in East Asia. In addition, Deng Xiaoping modernizes have united the lost homeland and fought against US (United States) imperialism and hegemonism and defended world peace
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Modernisasi Deng Xiaoping di Republik Rakyat Cina & Pengaruhnya di Kawasan Asia Timur (1976-1991)
2018Co-Authors: Zofrano SultaniAbstract:ABSTRAK Sultani, Zofrano . 2018. Modernisasi Deng Xiaoping di Republik Rakyat Cina dan Pengaruhnya di Kawasan Asia Timur (1976-1991). Skripsi S1 tidak diterbitkan. Malang: Jurusan Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Malang. Dosen Pembimbing (I): Dr. Ari Sapto, M.Hum., Dosen Pembimbing (II): Dra. Yuliati, M.Hum. Kata Kunci: Modernisasi Deng Xiaoping, politik dan militer, kawasan Asia Timur, Republik Rakyat Cina (RRC), dan Perang Dingin. Skripsi sarjana ini membahas bagaimana modernisasi Deng Xiaoping di Republik Rakyat Cina (RRC) membawa pengaruh di Asia Timur sebagai geopolitik wilayah pembangunan dan pertahanan militer dalam menegakkan kedaulatan, membangun keperluan sumber daya di dalam negeri dan persatuan tanah air menghadapi ancaman dari Amerika Serikat (AS), Jepang, Korea Selatan dan Uni Sovyet. Tujuan penelitian: (1). Untuk menjelaskan latar belakang modernisasi oleh Deng Xiaoping di Republik Rakyat Cina, (2). Untuk menganalisis proses modernisasi yang dilakukan oleh Deng Xiaoping di Republik Rakyat Cina, dan (3). Untuk menganalisis pengaruh modernisasi oleh Deng Xiaoping di Republik Rakyat Cina di Kawasan Asia Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan. Peneliti menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Di samping itu, digunakan dokumen elektronik pemerintah tentang Hasil Keputusan Sidang Pleno ke-3 Komite Sentral Partai Komunis Cina ke-11 tahun 1978 dan Kongres Nasional tahun 1982 sebagai dokumen sezaman untuk memperjelas modernisasi Deng Xiaoping. Di dalam 2 dokumen tersebut menyiratkan arti penting Asia Timur ke depannya bagi Cina. Penelitian sejarah ini menggunakan model strukturis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1). latar belakang modernisasi Deng Xiaoping di RRC berkaitan perbedaan perspektif antara kubu konservatif-dogmatis Mao Zedong dan kubu revisionis-moderat Deng Xiaoping mengenai pembangunan negara yang berorientasi pertanian atau industri seperti negara AS dan Eropa. Selain itu, pembangunan RRC setelah merdeka selama tahun 1950-1960an didanai Uni Soviet dan dikerjakan ilmuwan Sovyet, sehingga muncul peristiwa Great Leap Forward & Revolusi Kebudayaan, yang merupakan bentuk protes kubu Mao atas intervensi Sovyet di dalam pembangunan dalam negeri, (2). proses modernisasi Deng Xiaoping berupaya membangun kekuatan produktif negara pasca Mao, sebagai penyelesaian masalah dalam negeri dengan konsolidasi internal Partai Komunis Cina dan menjalin hubungan dengan AS, Korea Selatan, Jepang, dan Sovyet. Strategi politik internasional Deng Xiaoping tersebut memperoleh investasi asing yang diperuntukkan untuk pembangunan seperti infrastruktur, sosial-ekonomi, dan pertahanan militer. (3). pengaruh dari proses modernisasi ini berimbas pada Asia Timur sebagai geopolitik Republik Rakyat Cina selama masa Perang Dingin dalam rangka memperkuat dan menegakkan supremasi politik-militer RRC di Asia Timur. Selain itu, modernisasi Deng Xiaoping telah menyatukan tanah air yang hilang dan berjuang melawan imperialisme dan hegemonisme AS (Amerika Serikat) serta membela perdamaian dunia. ABSTRACT Sultani, Zofrano Ibrahimsyah Magribi. 2018. Modernization of Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China and its Influence in East Asia (1976-1991). Thesis B.A. unpublished. Malang: Department of History Faculty of Social Sciences State University of Malang. Guide Lecturers (I): Dr. Ari Sapto, M.Hum., Guide Lecturers (II): Dra. Yuliati, M.Hum. Keyword: Modernization of Deng Xiaoping, politic and Military, East Asia region, People’s Republic of China (PRC), and Cold War. This thesis bachelor (skripsi) discusses how the modernization of Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China (PRC) has had an influence in East Asia as a geopolitical area of development and Military Defense in upholding sovereignty, building resource needs domestically and homeland unity faced threats from the United States (US), Japan, South Korea and Soviet Union. The purpose of the study: (1). To explain the background of modernization by Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China, (2). To analyze the modernization process undertaken by Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China, and (3). To analyze the influence of modernization by Deng Xiaoping in the People's Republic of China in the East Asia Region. The research method used is literature study research method (library study research method). In addition, government electronic documents on Results of the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the China Communist Party and the National Congress 1982 were held as a contemporary document to clarify Deng Xiaoping's modernization. These two documents imply the importance of East Asia in the future for China. This historical research uses a structurist model. The results of this research are (1). Deng Xiaoping's modernization background in PRC (People's Republic of China) relates to the problem of perspective differences between Mao Zedong's conservative-dogmatic and revisionist-moderate Deng Xiaoping's faction on the development of agriculturally or industrial-oriented countries such as the US and Europe. In addition, the development of the PRC after independence during the 1950-1960s was funded by the Soviet Union and worked on Soviet scientists, so that the Great Leap Forward & Cultural Revolution emerged, which was a form of Mao's protest against Soviet intervention in China domestic development, (2). the modernization process of Deng Xiaoping sought to build the post-Mao state's productive power, as a solution to domestic problems with the internal consolidation of the China Communist Party and relations with the United States, South Korea, Japan and the Soviets. Deng Xiaoping's international political strategy earned foreign investment destined for development such as infrastructure, socio-economic, and Military Defense. (3). the influence of this modernization process affected East Asia as geopolitical of the People's Republic of China during the Cold War period in order to strengthen and uphold the PRC's political and Military supremacy in East Asia. In addition, Deng Xiaoping modernizes have united the lost homeland and fought against US (United States) imperialism and hegemonism and defended world peace
Oliver Monserrat Miquel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Los sistemas defensivos de la ciudad de Palma y su influencia en el desarrollo de la trama urbana en los siglos XVII al XIX
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020Co-Authors: Oliver Monserrat MiquelAbstract:This thesis analyzes the influence of the defensive systems and the Military architecture on the urban pattern development of the city of Palma from the 17th to the 19th century which coincides with the construction and demolition of the city wall. This research comprises the study of the city walls as well as the interior urban planning and the colonisation of the exterior spaces around the city. By using historical cartography of the city, we have worked with graphical models to evaluate the effect of the various Military actions in the urban framework of Palma. In 1596 the first map of the bastioned wall of the city of Palma was drawn, which has been conserved until today. This representation contains the proposed enclosure by Giacomo Fratin. The study of the city Defenses of Palma throughout the 17th and 19th centuries starts with this document and it also deals with the repercussion its implementation had on Palma’s town planning. The wall enclosing the city is an example of an irregular bastioned construction, drawn up for the Defense of the city. It bases its effectiveness on the crossing of fires from the flanks and it comprises a series of exterior, auxiliary and complementary construction works in order to guarantee its operation and adaptation to the new artillery. The construction of successive enclosures around the city impacted on the growth and development of Palma thus influencing urban planning both inside and outside the enclosure. All easements and necessary requirements for the construction and the functioning of the defensive system conditioned their environment, transforming the location where they were implemented and adapting to the intrinsic Military Defense. The analysis of the walls covering the urban environment has been conducted taking into account the topography and the previous interventions, the bastioned models prevailing in Europe in the 16th century as well as the geometric and dimensional relationship between the different elements which make up the system. Within the urban pattern, the construction activities altered the normal operation of the city, incorporating a new and external element to the list of buildings indicative of a city. Barracks, hospitals, arsenals or warehouses are some of the buildings the Military had in place within the city to service the Defenses. In addition to these supportive buildings, required for the war machine operation in which cities and its walls had been transformed into, engineers carried out other planning activities within the urban environment. Throughout this period, the most remarkable measure was the diversion of ‘la Riera’. This intervention, proposed during the construction of the walled enclosure, had a key role in the development of the city and the transformation of its road infrastructure. On the exterior, once past the city walls, the streets of Palma on their way to the villages were transformed into roads that would later connect the capital with different points of the island, converting them into axes which would provide a structural link between the exterior defence and the current city centre. The new defensive elements would establish themselves in the territory, in a specific location and designated role within the system designed and implemented to protect the city. In addition to this role, these defensive enclaves would turn into colonizing elements of the exterior area performing the double function of providing security as well as demanding the required services for its operation. Due to their role they have become participating agents in the transformation of the exterior urban planning of the city.La tesis analiza la influencia de los sistemas defensivos y la arquitectura militar en el desarrollo de la trama urbana de la ciudad de Palma en los siglos XVII al XIX, coincidiendo con la ejecución y derribo del último recinto amurallado. Hemos organizado el estudio desde los ámbitos de la muralla, la trama interior y la colonización del espacio exterior alrededor de la ciudad. Asimismo, hemos trabajado sobre modelos gráficos utilizando la cartografía histórica de la ciudad para conocer y estudiar el efecto de las diferentes actuaciones militares en el entramado urbano de Palma. En 1596, veintiún años después de la llegada de Fratin a Mallorca, se dibujó el primer plano que se ha conservado hasta nuestros días de la muralla abaluartada de la ciudad de Palma. Esta representación contiene el cerramiento proyectado por Giacomo Fratin, que se había construido durante este período, y la nueva propuesta de modificación planteada por el virrey Zanoguera y su hermano, Giorgio Fratin. Con este documento se inicia el estudio de las defensas de la ciudad de Palma en los siglos XVII al XIX y la repercusión que su implantación tuvo en el urbanismo palmesano. La muralla que cierra la ciudad es un ejemplo de construcción abaluartada irregular, trazada para la defensa de la ciudad, que basa su efectividad en el cruce de fuegos desde los flancos, y que comprende una serie de obras exteriores, auxiliares y complementarias para garantizar su funcionamiento y adaptación a la nueva artillería. La construcción de sucesivos recintos cerrando la ciudad repercutió en el crecimiento y la evolución de Palma influenciando el urbanismo tanto dentro del recinto como fuera. Todas las servidumbres y requerimientos necesarios para la construcción y el funcionamiento del sistema defensivo condicionaron su entorno, transformando el lugar donde se implantaron para adaptarlo a las necesidades inherentes a la defensa, intendencia y logística propias del ejército. El análisis de las murallas, que abarca el entorno urbano, se ha realizado teniendo en cuenta la topografía y las intervenciones previas, los modelos abaluartados imperantes en Europa en el siglo XVI y la relación geométrica y dimensional de los diferentes elementos que componían el sistema. Dentro de la trama urbana, las actuaciones en forma de edificación alteraban el funcionamiento normal de la ciudad, incorporando un elemento nuevo y externo dentro del catálogo de edificios propios de una ciudad. Cuarteles, hospitales, arsenales o almacenes son algunos de los edificios que los militares dispondrán dentro de la ciudad para dar servicio a las defensas. Además de estas edificaciones de soporte, necesarias para el funcionamiento de la máquina de guerra en que se habían convertido las ciudades y sus murallas, los ingenieros realizaron otras obras de ordenación del entorno dentro del ámbito urbano. En este intervalo de tiempo la actuación más destacable, aunque no la única, es el desvío de la Riera. Esta intervención planteada durante la construcción del recinto amurallado tuvo una influencia capital en la evolución de la ciudad y en la transformación de su viario. Por la parte exterior, las calles de Palma en su discurrir hacia los pueblos, una vez superadas las murallas, se convertían en caminos que posteriormente unirán la capital con diferentes puntos de la isla y serán los ejes que vertebrarán las defensas exteriores con el actual centro de la ciudad. Los nuevos elementos defensivos se establecerán en el territorio, en un emplazamiento determinado y con una función muy concreta, dentro del sistema diseñado e implantado para proteger la capital. Además de esta función, estos enclaves defensivos se convertirán en componentes colonizadores del espacio exterior realizando la doble función de proporcionar seguridad y, a su vez, demandar los servicios indispensables para su funcionamiento. Gracias a este papel se han convertido en agentes participantes en la transformación del urbanismo exterior de la ciudad.Postprint (published version
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Los sistemas defensivos de la ciudad de Palma y su influencia en el desarrollo de la trama urbana en los siglos XVII al XIX
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020Co-Authors: Oliver Monserrat MiquelAbstract:This thesis analyzes the influence of the defensive systems and the Military architecture on the urban pattern development of the city of Palma from the 17th to the 19th century which coincides with the construction and demolition of the city wall. This research comprises the study of the city walls as well as the interior urban planning and the colonisation of the exterior spaces around the city. By using historical cartography of the city, we have worked with graphical models to evaluate the effect of the various Military actions in the urban framework of Palma. In 1596 the first map of the bastioned wall of the city of Palma was drawn, which has been conserved until today. This representation contains the proposed enclosure by Giacomo Fratin. The study of the city Defenses of Palma throughout the 17th and 19th centuries starts with this document and it also deals with the repercussion its implementation had on Palma’s town planning. The wall enclosing the city is an example of an irregular bastioned construction, drawn up for the Defense of the city. It bases its effectiveness on the crossing of fires from the flanks and it comprises a series of exterior, auxiliary and complementary construction works in order to guarantee its operation and adaptation to the new artillery. The construction of successive enclosures around the city impacted on the growth and development of Palma thus influencing urban planning both inside and outside the enclosure. All easements and necessary requirements for the construction and the functioning of the defensive system conditioned their environment, transforming the location where they were implemented and adapting to the intrinsic Military Defense. The analysis of the walls covering the urban environment has been conducted taking into account the topography and the previous interventions, the bastioned models prevailing in Europe in the 16th century as well as the geometric and dimensional relationship between the different elements which make up the system. Within the urban pattern, the construction activities altered the normal operation of the city, incorporating a new and external element to the list of buildings indicative of a city. Barracks, hospitals, arsenals or warehouses are some of the buildings the Military had in place within the city to service the Defenses. In addition to these supportive buildings, required for the war machine operation in which cities and its walls had been transformed into, engineers carried out other planning activities within the urban environment. Throughout this period, the most remarkable measure was the diversion of ‘la Riera’. This intervention, proposed during the construction of the walled enclosure, had a key role in the development of the city and the transformation of its road infrastructure. On the exterior, once past the city walls, the streets of Palma on their way to the villages were transformed into roads that would later connect the capital with different points of the island, converting them into axes which would provide a structural link between the exterior defence and the current city centre. The new defensive elements would establish themselves in the territory, in a specific location and designated role within the system designed and implemented to protect the city. In addition to this role, these defensive enclaves would turn into colonizing elements of the exterior area performing the double function of providing security as well as demanding the required services for its operation. Due to their role they have become participating agents in the transformation of the exterior urban planning of the city.La tesis analiza la influencia de los sistemas defensivos y la arquitectura militar en el desarrollo de la trama urbana de la ciudad de Palma en los siglos XVII al XIX, coincidiendo con la ejecución y derribo del último recinto amurallado. Hemos organizado el estudio desde los ámbitos de la muralla, la trama interior y la colonización del espacio exterior alrededor de la ciudad. Asimismo, hemos trabajado sobre modelos gráficos utilizando la cartografía histórica de la ciudad para conocer y estudiar el efecto de las diferentes actuaciones militares en el entramado urbano de Palma. En 1596, veintiún años después de la llegada de Fratin a Mallorca, se dibujó el primer plano que se ha conservado hasta nuestros días de la muralla abaluartada de la ciudad de Palma. Esta representación contiene el cerramiento proyectado por Giacomo Fratin, que se había construido durante este período, y la nueva propuesta de modificación planteada por el virrey Zanoguera y su hermano, Giorgio Fratin. Con este documento se inicia el estudio de las defensas de la ciudad de Palma en los siglos XVII al XIX y la repercusión que su implantación tuvo en el urbanismo palmesano. La muralla que cierra la ciudad es un ejemplo de construcción abaluartada irregular, trazada para la defensa de la ciudad, que basa su efectividad en el cruce de fuegos desde los flancos, y que comprende una serie de obras exteriores, auxiliares y complementarias para garantizar su funcionamiento y adaptación a la nueva artillería. La construcción de sucesivos recintos cerrando la ciudad repercutió en el crecimiento y la evolución de Palma influenciando el urbanismo tanto dentro del recinto como fuera. Todas las servidumbres y requerimientos necesarios para la construcción y el funcionamiento del sistema defensivo condicionaron su entorno, transformando el lugar donde se implantaron para adaptarlo a las necesidades inherentes a la defensa, intendencia y logística propias del ejército. El análisis de las murallas, que abarca el entorno urbano, se ha realizado teniendo en cuenta la topografía y las intervenciones previas, los modelos abaluartados imperantes en Europa en el siglo XVI y la relación geométrica y dimensional de los diferentes elementos que componían el sistema. Dentro de la trama urbana, las actuaciones en forma de edificación alteraban el funcionamiento normal de la ciudad, incorporando un elemento nuevo y externo dentro del catálogo de edificios propios de una ciudad. Cuarteles, hospitales, arsenales o almacenes son algunos de los edificios que los militares dispondrán dentro de la ciudad para dar servicio a las defensas. Además de estas edificaciones de soporte, necesarias para el funcionamiento de la máquina de guerra en que se habían convertido las ciudades y sus murallas, los ingenieros realizaron otras obras de ordenación del entorno dentro del ámbito urbano. En este intervalo de tiempo la actuación más destacable, aunque no la única, es el desvío de la Riera. Esta intervención planteada durante la construcción del recinto amurallado tuvo una influencia capital en la evolución de la ciudad y en la transformación de su viario. Por la parte exterior, las calles de Palma en su discurrir hacia los pueblos, una vez superadas las murallas, se convertían en caminos que posteriormente unirán la capital con diferentes puntos de la isla y serán los ejes que vertebrarán las defensas exteriores con el actual centro de la ciudad. Los nuevos elementos defensivos se establecerán en el territorio, en un emplazamiento determinado y con una función muy concreta, dentro del sistema diseñado e implantado para proteger la capital. Además de esta función, estos enclaves defensivos se convertirán en componentes colonizadores del espacio exterior realizando la doble función de proporcionar seguridad y, a su vez, demandar los servicios indispensables para su funcionamiento. Gracias a este papel se han convertido en agentes participantes en la transformación del urbanismo exterior de la ciudad
J H Booske - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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plasma physics and related challenges of millimeter wave to terahertz and high power microwave generationa
Physics of Plasmas, 2008Co-Authors: J H BooskeAbstract:Homeland security and Military Defense technology considerations have stimulated intense interest in mobile, high power sources of millimeter-wave (mmw) to terahertz (THz) regime electromagnetic radiation, from 0.1 to 10THz. While vacuum electronic sources are a natural choice for high power, the challenges have yet to be completely met for applications including noninvasive sensing of concealed weapons and dangerous agents, high-data-rate communications, high resolution radar, next generation acceleration drivers, and analysis of fluids and condensed matter. The compact size requirements for many of these high frequency sources require miniscule, microfabricated slow wave circuits. This necessitates electron beams with tiny transverse dimensions and potentially very high current densities for adequate gain. Thus, an emerging family of microfabricated, vacuum electronic devices share many of the same plasma physics challenges that are currently confronting “classic” high power microwave (HPM) generators including long-life bright electron beam sources, intense beam transport, parasitic mode excitation, energetic electron interaction with surfaces, and rf air breakdown at output windows. The contemporary plasma physics and other related issues of compact, high power mmw-to-THz sources are compared and contrasted to those of HPM generation, and future research challenges and opportunities are discussed.
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plasma physics and related challenges of millimeter wave to terahertz and high power microwave generationa
Physics of Plasmas, 2008Co-Authors: J H BooskeAbstract:Homeland security and Military Defense technology considerations have stimulated intense interest in mobile, high power sources of millimeter-wave (mmw) to terahertz (THz) regime electromagnetic radiation, from 0.1 to 10THz. While vacuum electronic sources are a natural choice for high power, the challenges have yet to be completely met for applications including noninvasive sensing of concealed weapons and dangerous agents, high-data-rate communications, high resolution radar, next generation acceleration drivers, and analysis of fluids and condensed matter. The compact size requirements for many of these high frequency sources require miniscule, microfabricated slow wave circuits. This necessitates electron beams with tiny transverse dimensions and potentially very high current densities for adequate gain. Thus, an emerging family of microfabricated, vacuum electronic devices share many of the same plasma physics challenges that are currently confronting “classic” high power microwave (HPM) generators i...
Guoqing Ning - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enhanced electromagnetic microwave absorption property of peapod like mno carbon nanowires
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018Co-Authors: Yongli Duan, Zhihua Xiao, Yushu Tang, Qi Li, Guoqing Ning, Yongfeng LiAbstract:Investigating lightweight electromagnetic microwave absorption materials is still urgent because of the issue related to the electromagnetic pollution or Military Defense. Our findings indicate that core–shell MnO@carbon nanowires (MnO@C NWs) achieve substantially enhanced microwave absorption, suggesting the suitable impedance matching induced by the synergetic effect between MnO and carbon. Furthermore, the peapod-like MnO@C NWs with internal void space can be facially synthesized by partial etching of core–shell MnO@C NWs. The peapod-like MnO@C NWs with internal voids/cavities exhibit dramatically enhanced electromagnetic microwave absorption property when the carbon content is about 64 wt %, a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −55 dB at 10 wt % loading was observed at 13.6 GHz, and the bandwidth of RL less than −10 dB (90% absorption) covers 6.2 GHz at the thickness of 2 mm. The excellent electromagnetic microwave absorption performance is superior to the most of MnOx/C composites in the literatures, wh...
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enhanced electromagnetic microwave absorption property of peapod like mno carbon nanowires
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018Co-Authors: Yongli Duan, Zhihua Xiao, Yushu Tang, Xiaoya Yan, Zhenfei Gao, Liqiang Hou, Guoqing NingAbstract:Investigating lightweight electromagnetic microwave absorption materials is still urgent because of the issue related to the electromagnetic pollution or Military Defense. Our findings indicate that core-shell MnO@carbon nanowires (MnO@C NWs) achieve substantially enhanced microwave absorption, suggesting the suitable impedance matching induced by the synergetic effect between MnO and carbon. Furthermore, the peapod-like MnO@C NWs with internal void space can be facially synthesized by partial etching of core-shell MnO@C NWs. The peapod-like MnO@C NWs with internal voids/cavities exhibit dramatically enhanced electromagnetic microwave absorption property when the carbon content is about 64 wt %, a minimum reflection loss (RL) of -55 dB at 10 wt % loading was observed at 13.6 GHz, and the bandwidth of RL less than -10 dB (90% absorption) covers 6.2 GHz at the thickness of 2 mm. The excellent electromagnetic microwave absorption performance is superior to the most of MnO x/C composites in the literatures, which probably benefits from the dielectric polarization among conductive network structure between MnO and carbon, as well as the multiple reflection and absorption induced by internal void space. Our work is expected to pave an effective way to extend the electromagnetic microwave absorption performance of MnO/C composites through partial etching to create a void space.
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Enhanced Electromagnetic Microwave Absorption Property of Peapod-like MnO@carbon Nanowires
2018Co-Authors: Yongli Duan, Zhihua Xiao, Yushu Tang, Xiaoya Yan, Zhenfei Gao, Liqiang Hou, Guoqing NingAbstract:Investigating lightweight electromagnetic microwave absorption materials is still urgent because of the issue related to the electromagnetic pollution or Military Defense. Our findings indicate that core–shell MnO@carbon nanowires (MnO@C NWs) achieve substantially enhanced microwave absorption, suggesting the suitable impedance matching induced by the synergetic effect between MnO and carbon. Furthermore, the peapod-like MnO@C NWs with internal void space can be facially synthesized by partial etching of core–shell MnO@C NWs. The peapod-like MnO@C NWs with internal voids/cavities exhibit dramatically enhanced electromagnetic microwave absorption property when the carbon content is about 64 wt %, a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −55 dB at 10 wt % loading was observed at 13.6 GHz, and the bandwidth of RL less than −10 dB (90% absorption) covers 6.2 GHz at the thickness of 2 mm. The excellent electromagnetic microwave absorption performance is superior to the most of MnOx/C composites in the literatures, which probably benefits from the dielectric polarization among conductive network structure between MnO and carbon, as well as the multiple reflection and absorption induced by internal void space. Our work is expected to pave an effective way to extend the electromagnetic microwave absorption performance of MnO/C composites through partial etching to create a void space
Yongli Duan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enhanced electromagnetic microwave absorption property of peapod like mno carbon nanowires
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018Co-Authors: Yongli Duan, Zhihua Xiao, Yushu Tang, Qi Li, Guoqing Ning, Yongfeng LiAbstract:Investigating lightweight electromagnetic microwave absorption materials is still urgent because of the issue related to the electromagnetic pollution or Military Defense. Our findings indicate that core–shell MnO@carbon nanowires (MnO@C NWs) achieve substantially enhanced microwave absorption, suggesting the suitable impedance matching induced by the synergetic effect between MnO and carbon. Furthermore, the peapod-like MnO@C NWs with internal void space can be facially synthesized by partial etching of core–shell MnO@C NWs. The peapod-like MnO@C NWs with internal voids/cavities exhibit dramatically enhanced electromagnetic microwave absorption property when the carbon content is about 64 wt %, a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −55 dB at 10 wt % loading was observed at 13.6 GHz, and the bandwidth of RL less than −10 dB (90% absorption) covers 6.2 GHz at the thickness of 2 mm. The excellent electromagnetic microwave absorption performance is superior to the most of MnOx/C composites in the literatures, wh...
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enhanced electromagnetic microwave absorption property of peapod like mno carbon nanowires
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018Co-Authors: Yongli Duan, Zhihua Xiao, Yushu Tang, Xiaoya Yan, Zhenfei Gao, Liqiang Hou, Guoqing NingAbstract:Investigating lightweight electromagnetic microwave absorption materials is still urgent because of the issue related to the electromagnetic pollution or Military Defense. Our findings indicate that core-shell MnO@carbon nanowires (MnO@C NWs) achieve substantially enhanced microwave absorption, suggesting the suitable impedance matching induced by the synergetic effect between MnO and carbon. Furthermore, the peapod-like MnO@C NWs with internal void space can be facially synthesized by partial etching of core-shell MnO@C NWs. The peapod-like MnO@C NWs with internal voids/cavities exhibit dramatically enhanced electromagnetic microwave absorption property when the carbon content is about 64 wt %, a minimum reflection loss (RL) of -55 dB at 10 wt % loading was observed at 13.6 GHz, and the bandwidth of RL less than -10 dB (90% absorption) covers 6.2 GHz at the thickness of 2 mm. The excellent electromagnetic microwave absorption performance is superior to the most of MnO x/C composites in the literatures, which probably benefits from the dielectric polarization among conductive network structure between MnO and carbon, as well as the multiple reflection and absorption induced by internal void space. Our work is expected to pave an effective way to extend the electromagnetic microwave absorption performance of MnO/C composites through partial etching to create a void space.
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Enhanced Electromagnetic Microwave Absorption Property of Peapod-like MnO@carbon Nanowires
2018Co-Authors: Yongli Duan, Zhihua Xiao, Yushu Tang, Xiaoya Yan, Zhenfei Gao, Liqiang Hou, Guoqing NingAbstract:Investigating lightweight electromagnetic microwave absorption materials is still urgent because of the issue related to the electromagnetic pollution or Military Defense. Our findings indicate that core–shell MnO@carbon nanowires (MnO@C NWs) achieve substantially enhanced microwave absorption, suggesting the suitable impedance matching induced by the synergetic effect between MnO and carbon. Furthermore, the peapod-like MnO@C NWs with internal void space can be facially synthesized by partial etching of core–shell MnO@C NWs. The peapod-like MnO@C NWs with internal voids/cavities exhibit dramatically enhanced electromagnetic microwave absorption property when the carbon content is about 64 wt %, a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −55 dB at 10 wt % loading was observed at 13.6 GHz, and the bandwidth of RL less than −10 dB (90% absorption) covers 6.2 GHz at the thickness of 2 mm. The excellent electromagnetic microwave absorption performance is superior to the most of MnOx/C composites in the literatures, which probably benefits from the dielectric polarization among conductive network structure between MnO and carbon, as well as the multiple reflection and absorption induced by internal void space. Our work is expected to pave an effective way to extend the electromagnetic microwave absorption performance of MnO/C composites through partial etching to create a void space