The Experts below are selected from a list of 40041 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Adam Elkus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Military applications of social constructivism commander s appreciation and campaign design as critical Military Theory
    Social Science Research Network, 2010
    Co-Authors: Stephen Pampinella, Adam Elkus
    Abstract:

    Much like the field of International Relations, Military Theory has recently turned away from strictly positivist epistemologies to postpositivism and critical Theory. This is exemplified by the emerging concept of Operational Design, which has been formalized into doctrine by both the American and Israeli militaries. In this paper, we argue that Operational Design is grounded in the same assumptions of IR Constructivism. Operational Design is conceived as a cognitive method that empowers Military organizations to reflexively and collectively learn how to conceptualize the causal structure of Military problems and guide (but not direct) the emergence of new organizational cultures appropriate to the mission at hand. We proceed in three parts. Part I explores the rise of postpositivism, complexity, and chaos Theory in Military thought as a means of coping with the shift toward civil war and insurgency. Part II discusses Operational Design in current US Army doctrine and explores its foundation in the postpositivist Military Theory of Shimon Naveh and John Boyd. Finally, Part III compares Operational Design with the emergent IR paradigm of Social Constructivism, and, drawing upon the work of recent Kilcullen, conceptualizes its application to counterinsurgency missions.

Rachel Yehuda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the use of biomarkers in the Military from Theory to practice
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Rachel Yehuda, Thomas C Neylan, Janine D Flory, Alexander C Mcfarlane
    Abstract:

    This paper provides a summary of relevant issues covered in the conference, "The Use of Biomarkers in the Military: Theory to Practice" held at the New York Academy of Science on September 14, 2012. The conference covered the state of the science in identification of PTSD biomarkers, including, the definition of different classes of biomarkers pertaining to PTSD. The aim of the satellite conference was to bring together researchers who have been supported by the Department of Defense, Veterans Administration, National Institutes of Health, and other agencies around the world, who are interested in the identification of biomarkers for PTSD risk, diagnosis, symptom severity and treatment response, for a discussion of salient issues regarding biomarker development for PTSD, as well as special considerations for the use of biomarkers in the Military.

Winston Gould - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Alex Ryan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Military applications of complex systems
    Philosophy of Complex Systems, 2011
    Co-Authors: Alex Ryan
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary This chapter presents the science of complex systems that had a significant impact on the way Western militaries understand and operate within exceedingly complex and dangerous environments. With the development of new methodologies, tools and techniques within complex systems, current Military practices have been re-examined, and many have been found to be consistent with complex systems Theory. In this case, complex systems provide theoretical support to explain why best practice works. Complex systems Theory may also provide clues as to what changes in the context would cause current best practice to fail. In other instances, complex systems challenge the status quo. Agent-based models of combat help reveal the limitations of mechanistic, detailed, physical war games as representations of battlefield dynamics. Adaptive Campaigning challenges the Military transformation advocates' concept of information dominance, by arguing that armies will have to continue to fight for, rather than with, information. According to Adaptive Campaigning, acting on the basis of incomplete information will always be necessary to stimulate the system and assess its response. Whether or not it aligns with current practice, complex systems provide a valuable contribution to Military Theory.

David J Lyle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • complex systems and classical Military Theory
    IEEE International Conference on Complex Systems, 2020
    Co-Authors: David J Lyle
    Abstract:

    War has always been an emergent phenomenon, comprised of countless, constantly interacting physical and cognitive elements of individuals, groups, societies, and nation states competing violently for power, influence, and access to resources. If war is the sum total of these multiple levels of competition, can war be any less complex than any of the phenomena that play a part in it? Schools of Military theorists have largely followed the same tensions that schools of science have followed between “positivist” schools of thought born during the Enlightenment who believed that the world is inherently ordered and controllable via by formal scientific description and method, and those “romantics” who suspected that randomness played a much greater role in the universe than our scientific tools and reason could handle on their own. Various Military writers throughout the centuries have sought to offer prescriptive principles that can be used to make warfare more predictable and manageable. But modern understandings of complex systems can help us better understand the true degrees of efficacy we can hope to achieve through our calculations of war, and help us to avoid coming to false conclusions about what we can hope to achieve through the force of arms alone.