The Experts below are selected from a list of 55524 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fanie Pelletier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Milk Composition in a wild mammal: a physiological signature of phenological changes.
Oecologia, 2020Co-Authors: Limoilou-a Renaud, F. Guillaume Blanchet, Alan A. Cohen, François Rousseu, Marco Festa-bianchet, Fanie PelletierAbstract:Understanding how spring phenology influences early life can provide important insights into drivers of future development and survival. We combined unique, long-term data from a bighorn sheep population and satellite-derived phenology indices to quantify the relative importance of maternal and environmental influences on Milk Composition and lamb overwinter survival. Based on 216 Milk samples from 34 females monitored over 6 years, we found that longer snow-free and vegetation growing seasons increased Milk fatty acid, iron and lactose concentrations. Structural equation modelling revealed no causality between Milk energy content, lamb weaning mass and lamb overwinter survival. Our results suggest that spring conditions can affect Milk energy content, but we did not detect any effect on lamb overwinter survival either directly or indirectly through lamb weaning mass. The effect of green-up date on Milk Composition and energy content suggests that herbivores living in seasonal environments, such as the bighorn sheep, might rely on a strategy intermediate between 'capital' and 'income' breeding when energy demands are high.
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Causes and short-term consequences of variation in Milk Composition in wild sheep.
The Journal of animal ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Limoilou-amelie Renaud, F. Guillaume Blanchet, Alan A. Cohen, Fanie PelletierAbstract:Ecologists seek to understand the fitness consequences of variation in physiological markers, under the hypothesis that physiological state is linked to variability in individual condition and life history. Thus, ecologists are often interested in estimating correlations between entire suites of correlated traits, or biomarkers, but sample size limitations often do not allow us to do this properly when large numbers of traits or biomarkers are considered. Latent variables are a powerful tool to overcome this complexity. Recent statistical advances have enabled a new class of multivariate models-multivariate hierarchical modelling (MHM) with latent variables-which allow to statistically estimate unstructured covariances/correlations among traits with reduced constraints on the number of degrees of freedom to account in the model. It is thus possible to highlight correlated structures in potentially very large numbers of traits. Here, we apply MHM to evaluate the relative importance of individual differences and environmental effects on Milk Composition and identify the drivers of this variation. We ask whether variation in bighorn sheep Milk affects offspring fitness. We evaluate whether mothers show repeatable individual differences in the concentrations of 11 markers of Milk Composition, and we investigate the relative importance of annual variability, maternal identity and morphological traits in structuring Milk Composition. We then use variance estimates to investigate how a subset of repeatable Milk markers influence lamb summer survival. Repeatability of Milk markers ranged from 0.05 to 0.64 after accounting for year-to-year variations. Milk Composition was weakly but significantly associated with maternal mass in June and September, summer mass gain and winter mass loss. Variation explained by year-to-year fluctuations ranged from 0.07 to 0.91 suggesting a strong influence of environmental variability on Milk Composition. Milk Composition did not affect lamb survival to weaning. Using joint models in ecological, physiological or behavioural contexts has the major advantage of decomposing a (co)variance/correlation matrix while being estimated with fewer parameters than in a "traditional" mixed-effects model. The joint models presented here complement a growing list of tools to analyse correlations at different hierarchical levels separately and may thus represent a partial solution to the conundrum of physiological complexity.
Shikha Pundir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sex-Specific Human Milk Composition: The Role of Infant Sex in Determining Early Life Nutrition
Nutrients, 2018Co-Authors: Laura Galante, Amber M. Milan, Clare M. Reynolds, David Cameron-smith, Mark H. Vickers, Shikha PundirAbstract:Male and female infants respond differentially to environmental stimuli, with different growth and neurodevelopmental trajectories. Male infants are more likely to be disadvantaged when subjected to adversity and show a higher risk of perinatal complications. However, the underlying causes of this sex-bias are not well defined and optimising the early life nutritional care may be necessary to minimise the “male disadvantage” that may be experienced early in life. Experimental models have demonstrated that animal Milk Composition differs according to offspring sex, suggesting that the tailoring of early life nutrition may be one mechanism to maximise health protection and development to infants of both sexes. However, evidence for a sex-specificity in human Milk Composition is limited and conflicting, with studies documenting higher Milk energy content for either male or female infants. These data show sex differences, however, there has been limited Compositional analysis of the current data nor strategies proposed for how sex-specific Compositional differences in early life nutrition may be used to improve infant health. The present narrative review highlights that an improved understanding of sex-specific human Milk Composition is essential for promoting optimal infant growth and development.
Luiz Henrique Fernandes Borba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relationship between mozzarella yield and Milk Composition, processing factors, and recovery of whey constituents
Journal of dairy science, 2017Co-Authors: Danielle Cavalcanti Sales, Adriano Henrique Do Nascimento Rangel, Stela Antas Urbano, Alfredo Ribeiro De Freitas, Humberto Tonhati, Luciano Patto Novaes, M.i.b. Pereira, Luiz Henrique Fernandes BorbaAbstract:Our aim was to identify the relationship between mozzarella cheese yield and buffalo Milk Composition, processing factors, and recovery of whey constituents. A production of 30 batches of mozzarella cheese at a dairy industry in northeast Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte) was monitored between March and November 2015. Mozzarella yield and 32 other variables were observed for each batch, and divided into 3 groups: Milk Composition variables (12); variables involved in the cheesemaking process (14); and variables for recovery of whey constituents (6). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and principal component analysis. Most of the correlations between Milk Composition variables and between the variables of the manufacturing processes were not significant. Significant correlations were mostly observed between variables for recovery of whey constituents. Yield only showed significant correlation with time elapsed between curd cuttings and age of the starter culture, and it showed greater association with age of the starter culture, time elapsed between curd cuttings, and during stretching, as well as with Milk pH and density. Thus, processing factors and Milk characteristics are closely related to dairy efficiency in mozzarella manufacturing.
Patricia Franck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of maternal nutrition and perinatal factors on breast Milk Composition after premature delivery
Nutrients, 2019Co-Authors: J M Hascoet, Martine Chauvin, Christine Pierret, Sebastien Skweres, Louisdominique Van Egroo, Carole Rouge, Patricia FranckAbstract:(1) Background: Premature infants require mothers’ Milk fortification to meet nutrition needs, but breast Milk Composition may be variable, leading to the risk of inadequate nutrition. We aimed at determining the factors influencing mothers’ Milk macronutrients. (2) Methods: Milk samples were analyzed for the first five weeks after premature delivery by infrared spectroscopy. Mothers’ nutritional intake data were obtained during standardized interviews with dieticians, and then analyzed with reference software. (3) Results: The Composition of 367 Milk samples from 81 mothers was (median (range) g/100 mL): carbohydrates 6.8 (4.4–7.3), lipids 3.4 (1.3–6.4), proteins 1.3 (0.1–3.1). There was a relationship between Milk Composition and mothers’ carbohydrates intake only (r = 0.164; p < 0.01). Postnatal age was correlated with Milk proteins (r = −0.505; p < 0.001) and carbohydrates (r = +0.202, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses showed (coefficient) a relationship between Milk proteins r = 0.547 and postnatal age (−0.028), carbohydrate intake (+0.449), and the absence of maturation (−0.066); associations were also found among Milk lipids r = 0.295, carbohydrate intake (+1.279), and smoking (−0.557). Finally, there was a relationship among the concentration of Milk carbohydrates r = 0.266, postnatal age (+0.012), and smoking (−0.167). (4) Conclusions: The variability of mothers’ Milk Composition is differentially associated for each macronutrient with maternal carbohydrate intake, antenatal steroids, smoking, and postnatal age. Improvement in Milk Composition could be achieved by the modification of these related factors.
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Impact of maternal nutrition and perinatal factors on breast Milk Composition after premature delivery
2019Co-Authors: J M Hascoet, Martine Chauvin, Christine Pierret, Sebastien Skweres, Carole Rouge, Louis-dominique Van Egroo, Patricia FranckAbstract:(1) Background: Premature infants require mothers’ Milk fortification to meet nutrition needs, but breast Milk Composition may be variable leading to a risk of inadequate nutrition. We aimed at determining factors influencing mothers’ Milk macronutrients. (2) Methods: Milk samples were analyzed for the first 5 weeks after premature delivery, by infrared spectroscopy. Mothers’ nutritional intake data were obtained during standardized interviews with dieticians then analyzed with reference software. (3) Results: Composition of 367 Milk samples from 81 mothers was (Median [range]g/100mL): Carbohydrates 6.8[4.4-7.3], lipids 3.4[1.3-6.4], proteins 1.3[0.1-3.1]. There was a relationship of Milk Composition with mothers’ carbohydrates intake only (r=0.164; p<.01). Postnatal age was correlated with Milk proteins (r=-0.505 p<.001) & carbohydrates (r=+0.202, p<.001). Multiple linear regression analyses showed (coefficient) a relationship between Milk proteins r=0.547 and postnatal age (-0.028), carbohydrates intake (+0.449) and the absence of maturation (-0.066); and between Milk lipids r=0.295 and carbohydrates intake (+1.279) and smoking (-0.557). Finally, between Milk carbohydrates concentration r=0.266 and postnatal age (+0.012) and smoking (-0.167). (4) Conclusions: Variability of mothers’ Milk Composition is differentially associated for each macronutrient with maternal carbohydrates intake, antenatal steroids, smoking, and postnatal age. Improvement in Milk Composition could be achieved by modification of these related factors.
Laura Galante - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sex-Specific Human Milk Composition: The Role of Infant Sex in Determining Early Life Nutrition
Nutrients, 2018Co-Authors: Laura Galante, Amber M. Milan, Clare M. Reynolds, David Cameron-smith, Mark H. Vickers, Shikha PundirAbstract:Male and female infants respond differentially to environmental stimuli, with different growth and neurodevelopmental trajectories. Male infants are more likely to be disadvantaged when subjected to adversity and show a higher risk of perinatal complications. However, the underlying causes of this sex-bias are not well defined and optimising the early life nutritional care may be necessary to minimise the “male disadvantage” that may be experienced early in life. Experimental models have demonstrated that animal Milk Composition differs according to offspring sex, suggesting that the tailoring of early life nutrition may be one mechanism to maximise health protection and development to infants of both sexes. However, evidence for a sex-specificity in human Milk Composition is limited and conflicting, with studies documenting higher Milk energy content for either male or female infants. These data show sex differences, however, there has been limited Compositional analysis of the current data nor strategies proposed for how sex-specific Compositional differences in early life nutrition may be used to improve infant health. The present narrative review highlights that an improved understanding of sex-specific human Milk Composition is essential for promoting optimal infant growth and development.