The Experts below are selected from a list of 1701 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Vijay Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Techno-economic feasibility analysis of blue and purple corn processing for anthocyanin extraction and ethanol production using modified dry grind process
Industrial Crops and Products, 2018Co-Authors: Pavel Somavat, Deepak Kumar, Vijay SinghAbstract:Abstract This study performs the techno-economic analysis of simultaneous ethanol production and anthocyanins extraction from colored corn in a dry grind facility. Comprehensive models for the conventional process using dent corn and modified process for colored corn including pericarp separation and anthocyanin recovery were developed in the SuperPro designer. Ethanol production for plants processing 1113.11 MT/day of corn, were estimated 42, 37 and 35.2 Million Gallon/yr for yellow, blue and purple corn, respectively. Capital investments ranged between $87.9 and $100 Million, with a minimum investment for the conventional plant. Irrespective of higher capital investments and gross operating costs, ethanol production cost during purple corn processing was 42% less than that of yellow corn ($0.75 vs. $1.3/gal ethanol) because of high revenue from anthocyanin extract. Annual anthocyanins extract production from blue corn was only 26.5 MT compared to 879 MT for purple corn, and the process was not economically viable. The internal rate of return for the plant processing purple corn was 21.2%, compared to only 8.7% for a conventional plant using yellow dent corn. The use of purple corn in dry grind facilities can significantly improve the process economics and provide anthocyanin extract for use in the food industry.
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Seasonal variability in ethanol concentrations from a dry grind fermentation operation associated with incoming corn variability
Industrial Crops and Products, 2015Co-Authors: Divya Ramchandran, Kent D. Rausch, David B. Johnston, Mike E Tumbleson, Vijay SinghAbstract:Abstract Corn from an ethanol plant (commodity corn) and an identity preserved corn hybrid from a seed company (control corn stored at 4 °C) were used to study the effects of incoming corn on dry grind ethanol concentrations. Ethanol concentrations were determined every 2 weeks for 1 year using conventional dry grind procedure. Variations in ethanol concentrations were significant and variability patterns for commodity and control corn followed the same trend. Highest ethanol concentrations were seen in the month of January. Variation with control corn suggested that storage time is a significant factor affecting ethanol concentrations. Effects of different enzyme treatments on mean ethanol concentration over a year were evaluated. Two liquefaction enzymes (optimum pH – 5.8 and 5.1, respectively), two saccharification enzymes (optimum pH – 5.0) and one protease were used in five enzyme treatments (I–V). Final ethanol concentration with enzyme treatment V was (17.5 ± 0.486)%v/v. This was 0.6% higher than enzyme treatment I resulting in an additional ethanol production of 600,000 Gallons/year in a 100 Million Gallon/year ethanol plant. Using more effective enzymes increases overall dry grind ethanol production and ethanol plant profitability.
Gustafson, Cole R. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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POTENTIAL CORN ACREAGE EXPANSION FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION: WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA--MINOT
'Morgan & Claypool Publishers LLC', 2017Co-Authors: Gustafson, Cole R.Abstract:Several recent developments have stimulated farmers' interest in raising corn for ethanol production in northwestern North Dakota. The purpose of this study is to estimate the corn supply response of western North Dakota farmers for ethanol production. Two focus groups of western North Dakota farmers (Williston and Minot) were organized. The market premium over prevailing local corn prices that was required by western North Dakota farms to entice additional production of an ethanol specific hybrid was determined. Aggregation of these farm responses yielded a supply function of corn for the region. Results show that sufficient corn can be produced in the surrounding region to support a 12 Million Gallon ethanol facility if modest price premiums are provided. The availability of short-season hybrids adapted specifically to the region may constrain expansion
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POTENTIAL CORN ACREAGE EXPANSION FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION: WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA
'Morgan & Claypool Publishers LLC', 2017Co-Authors: Gustafson, Cole R.Abstract:Several recent developments have stimulated farmers' interest in raising corn for ethanol production in northwestern North Dakota. The purpose of this study is to estimate the corn supply response of western North Dakota farmers for ethanol production. Two focus groups of western North Dakota farmers (Williston and Minot) were organized. The market premium over prevailing local corn prices that was required by western North Dakota farms to entice additional production of an ethanol specific hybrid was determined. Aggregation of these farm responses yielded a supply function of corn for the region. Results show that sufficient corn can be produced in the surrounding region to support a 12 Million Gallon ethanol facility if modest price premiums are provided. The availability of short-season hybrids adapted specifically to the region may constrain expansion
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ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN NORTH DAKOTA
'Morgan & Claypool Publishers LLC', 2017Co-Authors: Vanwechel Tamara, Gustafson, Cole R., Leistritz F. LarryAbstract:The U. S. biodiesel industry is rapidly expanding due to energy production concerns, environmental concerns, and recent legislation. The most common type of biodiesel in the United States is derived from soybean oil. Soybeans are a major crop in North Dakota and could easily supply a 5 Million Gallon per year biodiesel facility. Potential market segments of a biodiesel facility in North Dakota include agriculture, construction, and state fleet sectors based on current diesel use. However, with existing technology and no subsidy, biodiesel operation and investment costs for a North Dakota facility are not competitive with petroleum diesel. Using soybean oil prices of 17 cents to 25 cents per pound, the per Gallon cost of producing diesel in southeastern North Dakota ranges between $2.02 and $2.64, while the wholesale price for regular diesel is $0.91. The cost of producing biodiesel is highly dependent on the price and availability of soybean oil. While biodiesel production technology is feasible and fairly simple, producing biodiesel in North Dakota is not economically feasible at least in the foreseeable future
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The Economic Feasibility of Sugarbeet Biofuel Production in Central North Dakota
'Morgan & Claypool Publishers LLC', 2017Co-Authors: Maung, Thein A., Gustafson, Cole R.Abstract:This study examines the financial feasibility of producing ethanol biofuel from sugar beets in central North Dakota. Under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, biofuel from sugar beets uniquely qualifies as an “advanced biofuel”. EISA mandates production of 15 billion Gallons of advanced biofuels annually by 2022. A stochastic simulation financial model was calibrated with irrigated sugar beet data from central North Dakota to determine economic feasibility and risks of production for a 10MGY (Million Gallon per year) and 20MGY ethanol plant. Study results indicate that feedstock costs, which include sugar beets and beet molasses, account for more than 70% of total production expenses. The estimated breakeven ethanol price for the 20MGY plant is $1.52 per Gallon and $1.71 per Gallon for the 10MGY plant. Breakeven prices for feedstocks are also estimated and show that the 20MGYplant can tolerate greater ethanol and feedstock price risk than the 10MGY plant. Our results also show that one of the most important factors that affect investment success is the price of ethanol. At an ethanol price of $1.84 per Gallon, and assuming other factors remain unchanged, the estimated net present value (NPV) of the 20MGY plant is $41.54 Million. By comparison, the estimated NPV of the 10MGY plant is only $8.30 Million. Other factors such as changes in prices of co-products and utilities have a relatively minor effect on investment viability. This study examines the financial feasibility of producing ethanol biofuel from sugar beets in central North Dakota. Under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, biofuel from sugar beets uniquely qualifies as an “advanced biofuel”. EISA mandates production of 15 billion Gallons of advanced biofuels annually by 2022. A stochastic simulation financial model was calibrated with irrigated sugar beet data from central North Dakota to determine economic feasibility and risks of production for a 10MGY (Million Gallon per year) and 20MGY ethanol plant. Study results indicate that feedstock costs, which include sugar beets and beet molasses, account for more than 70% of total production expenses. The estimated breakeven ethanol price for the 20MGY plant is $1.52 per Gallon and $1.71 per Gallon for the 10MGY plant. Breakeven prices for feedstocks are also estimated and show that the 20MGYplant can tolerate greater ethanol and feedstock price risk than the 10MGY plant. Our results also show that one of the most important factors that affect investment success is the price of ethanol. At an ethanol price of $1.84 per Gallon, and assuming other factors remain unchanged, the estimated net present value (NPV) of the 20MGY plant is $41.54 Million. By comparison, the estimated NPV of the 10MGY plant is only $8.30 Million. Other factors such as changes in prices of co-products and utilities have a relatively minor effect on investment viability
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The Economic Feasibility of Energy Sugar Beet Biofuel Production in Central North Dakota
'Morgan & Claypool Publishers LLC', 2017Co-Authors: Maung, Thein A., Gustafson, Cole R.Abstract:This study examines the financial feasibility of producing ethanol biofuel from sugar beets in central North Dakota. Under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, biofuel from sugar beets uniquely qualifies as an “advanced biofuel”. EISA mandates production of 15 billion Gallons of advanced biofuels annually by 2022. A stochastic simulation financial model was calibrated with irrigated sugar beet data from central North Dakota to determine economic feasibility and risks of production for a 10MGY (Million Gallon per year) and 20MGY ethanol plant. Study results indicate that feedstock costs, which include sugar beets and beet molasses, account for more than 70% of total production expenses. The estimated breakeven ethanol price for the 20MGY plant is $1.52 per Gallon and $1.71 per Gallon for the 10MGY plant. Breakeven prices for feedstocks are also estimated and show that the 20MGYplant can tolerate greater ethanol and feedstock price risk than the 10MGY plant. Our results also show that one of the most important factors that affect investment success is the price of ethanol. At an ethanol price of $1.84 per Gallon, and assuming other factors remain unchanged, the estimated net present value (NPV) of the 20MGY plant is $41.54 Million. By comparison, the estimated NPV of the 10MGY plant is only $8.30 Million. Other factors such as changes in prices of co-products and utilities have a relatively minor affect on investment viability
Song Deng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tank size and operating strategy optimization of a stratified chilled water storage system
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Zhiqin Zhang, William D Turner, Qiang Chen, Song DengAbstract:Abstract In the downtown area of Austin, Texas, United States, it is planned to build a new naturally stratified chilled water storage tank and share it among four separated chilled water plants in order to reduce the utility billing cost. Each plant is charged with a typical time-of-use utility rate including energy charge and demand charge. This paper presents the method of determining the optimal tank size as well as corresponding optimal operating strategies for this project. A simplified thermal energy storage plus four plants model is built based on some assumptions. Three conventional control strategies (full storage, chiller priority, and storage priority) with limitations on the maximum number of chillers running during the off-peak and on-peak periods are simulated. The results show that a 3.5 Million Gallon (13,249 m 3 ) tank has the shortest simple payback time and the projected total capital cost is within the budget. Full storage strategy is selected for the summer months and storage-priority strategy is selected for the winter months. The annual billing cost savings are estimated at $907,231 and the simple payback time is 12.5 years.
Zhiqin Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tank size and operating strategy optimization of a stratified chilled water storage system
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Zhiqin Zhang, William D Turner, Qiang Chen, Song DengAbstract:Abstract In the downtown area of Austin, Texas, United States, it is planned to build a new naturally stratified chilled water storage tank and share it among four separated chilled water plants in order to reduce the utility billing cost. Each plant is charged with a typical time-of-use utility rate including energy charge and demand charge. This paper presents the method of determining the optimal tank size as well as corresponding optimal operating strategies for this project. A simplified thermal energy storage plus four plants model is built based on some assumptions. Three conventional control strategies (full storage, chiller priority, and storage priority) with limitations on the maximum number of chillers running during the off-peak and on-peak periods are simulated. The results show that a 3.5 Million Gallon (13,249 m 3 ) tank has the shortest simple payback time and the projected total capital cost is within the budget. Full storage strategy is selected for the summer months and storage-priority strategy is selected for the winter months. The annual billing cost savings are estimated at $907,231 and the simple payback time is 12.5 years.
Rhys T Dale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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economic analysis of a modified dry grind ethanol process with recycle of pretreated and enzymatically hydrolyzed distillers grains
Bioresource Technology, 2008Co-Authors: David F Perkis, Wallace E. Tyner, Rhys T DaleAbstract:Abstract A modification of the conventional dry grind process for producing ethanol from yellow dent corn is considered with respect to its economic value. Process modifications include recycling distillers’ grains, after being pretreated and hydrolyzed, with the ground corn and water to go through fermentation again and increase ethanol yields from the corn starch. A dry grind financial model, which has been validated against other financial models in the industry, is utilized to determine the financial impact of the process changes. The hypothesis was that the enhanced process would yield higher revenues through additional ethanol sales, and higher valued dried distillers’ grains (DDGS), due to its higher protein content, to mitigate the drop in DDGS yields. A 32% increase in net present value (NPV) for the overall operation is expected when applying the process modifications to a 100 Million Gallon ethanol plant, and an enzyme cost of $0.20 for each additional Gallon of ethanol produced. However, there may be no value added to the enhanced dried distillers’ grains (eDDGS), even in light of its higher protein levels, as current pricing is expected to be more sensitive to the amino acid profile than the total protein level, and the eDDGS has lower lysine levels, a key amino acid. Thus, there is a decrease in revenue from eDDGS due to the combination of no price change and loss of DDGS yield to ethanol. The financial improvements are a result of the increased revenue from higher ethanol yields outpacing the sum of all added costs, which include higher capital costs, larger loan payments, increased operating costs, and decreased revenues from dried distillers’ grains.