The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tanya L Chartrand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the antecedents and consequences of human behavioral Mimicry
Annual Review of Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Tanya L Chartrand, Jessica L LakinAbstract:Behavioral Mimicry—the automatic imitation of gestures, postures, mannerisms, and other motor movements—is pervasive in human interactions. The current review focuses on two recent themes in the Mimicry literature. First, an analysis of the moderators of Mimicry uncovers the various motivational, social, emotional, and personality factors that lead to more or less Mimicry of an interaction partner in a given situation. Second, a significant amount of recent research has identified important downstream consequences of mimicking or being mimicked by another person. These include not only increased prosociality between interactants, but also unexpected effects on the individual, such as cognitive processing style, attitudes, consumer preferences, self-regulatory ability, and academic performance. Behavioral Mimicry is also placed in its broader context: a form of interpersonal coordination. It is compared to interactional synchrony and other social contagion effects, including verbal, goal, and emotional con...
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Where is the love? The social aspects of Mimicry
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Rick Van Baaren, Loes Janssen, Tanya L Chartrand, Ap DijksterhuisAbstract:One striking characteristic of human social interactions is unconscious Mimicry; people have a tendency to take over each other's posture, mannerisms and behaviours without awareness. Our goal is to make the case that unconscious Mimicry plays an important role in human social interaction and to show that Mimicry is closely related to and moderated by our connectedness to others. First we will position human unconscious Mimicry in relation to types of imitation used in cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Then we will provide support for social moderation of Mimicry. Characteristics of both the mimicker and the mimickee influence the degree of Mimicry in a social interaction. Next, we turn to the positive social consequences of this unconscious Mimicry and we will present data showing how being imitated makes people more assimilative in general. In the final section, we discuss what these findings imply for theorizing on the mechanisms of imitation and point out several issues that need to be resolved before a start can be made to integrate this field in the broader context of research on imitation.
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chapter 5 human Mimicry
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Tanya L Chartrand, Rick B Van BaarenAbstract:Human Mimicry is ubiquitous, and often occurs without the awareness of the person mimicking or the person being mimicked. First, we briefly describe some of the major types of nonconscious Mimicry—verbal, facial, emotional, and behavioral—and review the evidence for their automaticity. Next, we argue for the broad impact of Mimicry and summarize the literature documenting its influence on the Mimicry dyad and beyond. This review highlights the moderators of Mimicry as well, including the social, motivational, and emotional conditions that foster or inhibit automatic Mimicry. We interpret these findings in light of current theories of Mimicry. First, we evaluate the evidence for and against Mimicry as a communication tool. Second, we review neuropsychological research that sheds light on the question of how we mimic. What is the cognitive architecture that enables us to do what we perceive others do? We discuss a proposed system, the perception‐behavior link, and the neurological evidence (i.e., the mirror system) supporting it. We will then review the debate on whether Mimicry is innate and inevitable. We propose that the architecture enabling Mimicry is innate, but that the behavioral Mimicry response may actually be (partly) a product of learning or associations. Finally, we speculate on what the behavioral data on Mimicry may imply for the evolution of Mimicry.
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Mimicry and me the impact of Mimicry on self construal
Social Cognition, 2007Co-Authors: Claire E Ashtonjames, Rick B. Van Baaren, Jean Decety, Tanya L Chartrand, Johan C KarremansAbstract:Previous research has demonstrated that nonconscious interpersonal Mimicry engenders liking, affiliation, empathy, and other positive social consequences. Some of these consequences have recently been shown to go beyond the dyad. In other words, interpersonal Mimicry not only affects the way we feel toward our immediate interaction partner, but also affects our feelings and behavior toward other people in general. The goal of the present research is to understand why it is that nonconscious Mimicry has consequences that go beyond the dyad. Specifically, it is hypothesized and found that being mimicked during social interaction shifts self–construals such that they become more interdependent and “other–oriented” (Study 1). Accordingly, interpersonal Mimicry heightens one's perception of interpersonal closeness with nonspecified others (Study 2) and decreases one's physical proximity to others (Study 3). In a final experiment (Study 4), the impact of Mimicry on self–construal is shown to mediate the positiv...
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the chameleon effect as social glue evidence for the evolutionary significance of nonconscious Mimicry
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 2003Co-Authors: Jessica L Lakin, Valerie E Jefferis, Clara Michelle Cheng, Tanya L ChartrandAbstract:The "chameleon effect" refers to the tendency to adopt the postures, gestures, and mannerisms of interaction partners (Chartrand & Bargh, 1999). This type of Mimicry occurs outside of conscious awareness, and without any intent to mimic or imitate. Empirical evidence suggests a bi-directional relationship between nonconscious Mimicry on the one hand, and liking, rapport, and affiliation on the other. That is, nonconscious Mimicry creates affiliation, and affiliation can be ex- pressed through nonconscious Mimicry. We argue that Mimicry played an impor- tant role in human evolution. Initially, Mimicry may have had survival value by helping humans communicate. We propose that the purpose of Mimicry has now evolved to serve a social function. Nonconscious behavioral Mimicry increases af- filiation, which serves to foster relationships with others. We review current re- search in light of this proposed framework and suggest future areas of research.
Marcus R Kronforst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a shared genetic basis of Mimicry across swallowtail butterflies points to ancestral co option of doublesex
Nature Communications, 2020Co-Authors: Daniela H Palmer, Marcus R KronforstAbstract:Uncovering whether convergent adaptations share a genetic basis is consequential for understanding the evolution of phenotypic diversity. This information can help us understand the extent to which shared ancestry or independent evolution shape adaptive phenotypes. In this study, we first ask whether the same genes underlie polymorphic Mimicry in Papilio swallowtail butterflies. By comparing signatures of genetic variation between polymorphic and monomorphic species, we then investigate how ancestral variation, hybridization, and independent evolution contributed to wing pattern diversity in this group. We report that a single gene, doublesex (dsx), controls Mimicry across multiple taxa, but with species-specific patterns of genetic differentiation and linkage disequilibrium. In contrast to widespread examples of phenotypic evolution driven by introgression, our analyses reveal distinct Mimicry alleles. We conclude that Mimicry evolution in this group was likely facilitated by ancestral polymorphism resulting from early co-option of dsx as a Mimicry locus, and that evolutionary turnover of dsx alleles may underlie the wing pattern diversity of extant polymorphic and monomorphic lineages. Polymorphic Mimicry in Papilio swallowtail butterflies is thought to have had multiple independent origins. Here, the authors show that the gene doublesex controls Mimicry across multiple species, but with distinct alleles that may have originated from an ancestral polymorphism.
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experimental field tests of batesian Mimicry in the swallowtail butterfly papilio polytes
Ecology and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Daniela H Palmer, Susan D Finkbeiner, Adriana D Briscoe, Antonia Monteiro, Marcus R KronforstAbstract:The swallowtail butterfly Papilio polytes is known for its striking resemblance in wing pattern to the toxic butterfly Pachliopta aristolochiae and is a focal system for the study of Mimicry evolution. Papilio polytes females are polymorphic in wing pattern, with mimetic and nonmimetic forms, while males are monomorphic and nonmimetic. Past work invokes selection for Mimicry as the driving force behind wing pattern evolution in P. polytes. However, the mimetic relationship between P. polytes and P. aristolochiae is not well understood. In order to test the Mimicry hypothesis, we constructed paper replicas of mimetic and nonmimetic P. polytes and P. aristolochiae, placed them in their natural habitat, and measured bird predation on replicas. In initial trials with stationary replicas and plasticine bodies, overall predation was low and we found no differences in predation between replica types. In later trials with replicas mounted on springs and with live mealworms standing in for the butterfly's body, we found less predation on mimetic P. polytes replicas compared to nonmimetic P. polytes replicas, consistent with the predator avoidance benefits of Mimicry. While our results are mixed, they generally lend support to the Mimicry hypothesis as well as the idea that behavioral differences between the sexes contributed to the evolution of sexually dimorphic Mimicry.
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doublesex is a Mimicry supergene
Nature, 2014Co-Authors: Krushnamegh Kunte, Wei Zhang, Ayse Tengertrolander, Daniela H Palmer, Arnaud Martin, Robert D Reed, Sean P Mullen, Marcus R KronforstAbstract:One of the most striking examples of sexual dimorphism is sex-limited Mimicry in butterflies, a phenomenon in which one sex--usually the female--mimics a toxic model species, whereas the other sex displays a different wing pattern. Sex-limited Mimicry is phylogenetically widespread in the swallowtail butterfly genus Papilio, in which it is often associated with female mimetic polymorphism. In multiple polymorphic species, the entire wing pattern phenotype is controlled by a single Mendelian 'supergene'. Although theoretical work has explored the evolutionary dynamics of supergene Mimicry, there are almost no empirical data that address the critical issue of what a Mimicry supergene actually is at a functional level. Using an integrative approach combining genetic and association mapping, transcriptome and genome sequencing, and gene expression analyses, we show that a single gene, doublesex, controls supergene Mimicry in Papilio polytes. This is in contrast to the long-held view that supergenes are likely to be controlled by a tightly linked cluster of loci. Analysis of gene expression and DNA sequence variation indicates that isoform expression differences contribute to the functional differences between dsx Mimicry alleles, and protein sequence evolution may also have a role. Our results combine elements from different hypotheses for the identity of supergenes, showing that a single gene can switch the entire wing pattern among Mimicry phenotypes but may require multiple, tightly linked mutations to do so.
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do heliconius butterfly species exchange Mimicry alleles
Biology Letters, 2013Co-Authors: Joel Smith, Marcus R KronforstAbstract:Hybridization has the potential to transfer beneficial alleles across species boundaries, and there are a growing number of examples in which this has apparently occurred. Recent studies suggest that Heliconius butterflies have transferred wing pattern Mimicry alleles between species via hybridization, but ancestral polymorphism could also produce a signature of shared ancestry around Mimicry genes. To distinguish between these alternative hypotheses, we measured DNA sequence divergence around putatively introgressed Mimicry loci and compared this with the rest of the genome. Our results reveal that putatively introgressed regions show strongly reduced sequence divergence between co-mimetic species, suggesting that their divergence times are younger than the rest of the genome. This is consistent with introgression and not ancestral variation. We further show that this signature of introgression occurs at sites throughout the genome, not just around Mimicry genes.
Jessica L Lakin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the antecedents and consequences of human behavioral Mimicry
Annual Review of Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Tanya L Chartrand, Jessica L LakinAbstract:Behavioral Mimicry—the automatic imitation of gestures, postures, mannerisms, and other motor movements—is pervasive in human interactions. The current review focuses on two recent themes in the Mimicry literature. First, an analysis of the moderators of Mimicry uncovers the various motivational, social, emotional, and personality factors that lead to more or less Mimicry of an interaction partner in a given situation. Second, a significant amount of recent research has identified important downstream consequences of mimicking or being mimicked by another person. These include not only increased prosociality between interactants, but also unexpected effects on the individual, such as cognitive processing style, attitudes, consumer preferences, self-regulatory ability, and academic performance. Behavioral Mimicry is also placed in its broader context: a form of interpersonal coordination. It is compared to interactional synchrony and other social contagion effects, including verbal, goal, and emotional con...
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the chameleon effect as social glue evidence for the evolutionary significance of nonconscious Mimicry
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 2003Co-Authors: Jessica L Lakin, Valerie E Jefferis, Clara Michelle Cheng, Tanya L ChartrandAbstract:The "chameleon effect" refers to the tendency to adopt the postures, gestures, and mannerisms of interaction partners (Chartrand & Bargh, 1999). This type of Mimicry occurs outside of conscious awareness, and without any intent to mimic or imitate. Empirical evidence suggests a bi-directional relationship between nonconscious Mimicry on the one hand, and liking, rapport, and affiliation on the other. That is, nonconscious Mimicry creates affiliation, and affiliation can be ex- pressed through nonconscious Mimicry. We argue that Mimicry played an impor- tant role in human evolution. Initially, Mimicry may have had survival value by helping humans communicate. We propose that the purpose of Mimicry has now evolved to serve a social function. Nonconscious behavioral Mimicry increases af- filiation, which serves to foster relationships with others. We review current re- search in light of this proposed framework and suggest future areas of research.
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The Chameleon Effect as Social Glue: Evidence for the Evolutionary Significance of Nonconscious Mimicry
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 2003Co-Authors: Jessica L Lakin, Valerie E Jefferis, Clara Michelle Cheng, Tanya L ChartrandAbstract:The “chameleon effect” refers to the tendency to adopt the postures, gestures, and mannerisms of interaction partners (Chartrand & Bargh, 1999). This type of Mimicry occurs outside of conscious awareness, and without any intent to mimic or imitate. Empirical evidence suggests a bi-directional relationship between nonconscious Mimicry on the one hand, and liking, rapport, and affiliation on the other. That is, nonconscious Mimicry creates affiliation, and affiliation can be expressed through nonconscious Mimicry. We argue that Mimicry played an important role in human evolution. Initially, Mimicry may have had survival value by helping humans communicate. We propose that the purpose of Mimicry has now evolved to serve a social function. Nonconscious behavioral Mimicry increases affiliation, which serves to foster relationships with others. We review current research in light of this proposed framework and suggest future areas of research.
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using nonconscious behavioral Mimicry to create affiliation and rapport
Psychological Science, 2003Co-Authors: Jessica L Lakin, Tanya L ChartrandAbstract:Nonconscious behavioral Mimicry occurs when a person unwittingly imitates the behaviors of another person. This Mimicry has been attributed to a direct link between perceiving a behavior and performing that same behavior. The current experiments explored whether having a goal to affiliate augments the tendency to mimic the behaviors of interaction partners. Experiment 1 demonstrated that having an affiliation goal increases nonconscious Mimicry, and Experiment 2 further supported this proposition by demonstrating that people who have unsuccessfully attempted to affiliate in an interaction subsequently exhibit more Mimicry than those who have not experienced such a failure. Results suggest that behavioral Mimicry may be part of a person's repertoire of behaviors, used nonconsciously, when there is a desire to create rapport.
Krushnamegh Kunte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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doublesex is a Mimicry supergene
Nature, 2014Co-Authors: Krushnamegh Kunte, Wei Zhang, Ayse Tengertrolander, Daniela H Palmer, Arnaud Martin, Robert D Reed, Sean P Mullen, Marcus R KronforstAbstract:One of the most striking examples of sexual dimorphism is sex-limited Mimicry in butterflies, a phenomenon in which one sex--usually the female--mimics a toxic model species, whereas the other sex displays a different wing pattern. Sex-limited Mimicry is phylogenetically widespread in the swallowtail butterfly genus Papilio, in which it is often associated with female mimetic polymorphism. In multiple polymorphic species, the entire wing pattern phenotype is controlled by a single Mendelian 'supergene'. Although theoretical work has explored the evolutionary dynamics of supergene Mimicry, there are almost no empirical data that address the critical issue of what a Mimicry supergene actually is at a functional level. Using an integrative approach combining genetic and association mapping, transcriptome and genome sequencing, and gene expression analyses, we show that a single gene, doublesex, controls supergene Mimicry in Papilio polytes. This is in contrast to the long-held view that supergenes are likely to be controlled by a tightly linked cluster of loci. Analysis of gene expression and DNA sequence variation indicates that isoform expression differences contribute to the functional differences between dsx Mimicry alleles, and protein sequence evolution may also have a role. Our results combine elements from different hypotheses for the identity of supergenes, showing that a single gene can switch the entire wing pattern among Mimicry phenotypes but may require multiple, tightly linked mutations to do so.
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the diversity and evolution of batesian Mimicry in papilio swallowtail butterflies
Evolution, 2009Co-Authors: Krushnamegh KunteAbstract:Papilio swallowtail butterflies exhibit a remarkable diversity of Batesian Mimicry, manifested in several sex-limited and polymorphic types. There is little understanding of how this diversity is distributed within Papilio, and how different Mimicry types have evolved in relation to each other. To answer these questions, I present a graphical model that connects various Mimicry types by hypothetical character state changes within a phylogenetic framework. A maximum likelihood analysis of evolution of Mimicry types on the Papilio phylogeny showed that sexually monomorphic Mimicry and female-limited Mimicry have evolved repeatedly but predominantly independently in different clades. However, transitions between these Mimicry types are rarely observed. The frequency distribution of character state changes was skewed in favor of the evolution of Mimicry, whereas many theoretically plausible character state changes, especially evolutionary loss of Mimicry, were not evident. I discuss these findings in relation to studying the tempo of evolutionary change, loss of traits, and directionality and connectivity among character states. The pathway approach and phylogenetic patterns of Mimicry demonstrated in Papilio are useful to test novel hypotheses regarding the diversity and evolutionary directionality of Batesian Mimicry in other systems.
Daniela H Palmer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a shared genetic basis of Mimicry across swallowtail butterflies points to ancestral co option of doublesex
Nature Communications, 2020Co-Authors: Daniela H Palmer, Marcus R KronforstAbstract:Uncovering whether convergent adaptations share a genetic basis is consequential for understanding the evolution of phenotypic diversity. This information can help us understand the extent to which shared ancestry or independent evolution shape adaptive phenotypes. In this study, we first ask whether the same genes underlie polymorphic Mimicry in Papilio swallowtail butterflies. By comparing signatures of genetic variation between polymorphic and monomorphic species, we then investigate how ancestral variation, hybridization, and independent evolution contributed to wing pattern diversity in this group. We report that a single gene, doublesex (dsx), controls Mimicry across multiple taxa, but with species-specific patterns of genetic differentiation and linkage disequilibrium. In contrast to widespread examples of phenotypic evolution driven by introgression, our analyses reveal distinct Mimicry alleles. We conclude that Mimicry evolution in this group was likely facilitated by ancestral polymorphism resulting from early co-option of dsx as a Mimicry locus, and that evolutionary turnover of dsx alleles may underlie the wing pattern diversity of extant polymorphic and monomorphic lineages. Polymorphic Mimicry in Papilio swallowtail butterflies is thought to have had multiple independent origins. Here, the authors show that the gene doublesex controls Mimicry across multiple species, but with distinct alleles that may have originated from an ancestral polymorphism.
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experimental field tests of batesian Mimicry in the swallowtail butterfly papilio polytes
Ecology and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Daniela H Palmer, Susan D Finkbeiner, Adriana D Briscoe, Antonia Monteiro, Marcus R KronforstAbstract:The swallowtail butterfly Papilio polytes is known for its striking resemblance in wing pattern to the toxic butterfly Pachliopta aristolochiae and is a focal system for the study of Mimicry evolution. Papilio polytes females are polymorphic in wing pattern, with mimetic and nonmimetic forms, while males are monomorphic and nonmimetic. Past work invokes selection for Mimicry as the driving force behind wing pattern evolution in P. polytes. However, the mimetic relationship between P. polytes and P. aristolochiae is not well understood. In order to test the Mimicry hypothesis, we constructed paper replicas of mimetic and nonmimetic P. polytes and P. aristolochiae, placed them in their natural habitat, and measured bird predation on replicas. In initial trials with stationary replicas and plasticine bodies, overall predation was low and we found no differences in predation between replica types. In later trials with replicas mounted on springs and with live mealworms standing in for the butterfly's body, we found less predation on mimetic P. polytes replicas compared to nonmimetic P. polytes replicas, consistent with the predator avoidance benefits of Mimicry. While our results are mixed, they generally lend support to the Mimicry hypothesis as well as the idea that behavioral differences between the sexes contributed to the evolution of sexually dimorphic Mimicry.
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doublesex is a Mimicry supergene
Nature, 2014Co-Authors: Krushnamegh Kunte, Wei Zhang, Ayse Tengertrolander, Daniela H Palmer, Arnaud Martin, Robert D Reed, Sean P Mullen, Marcus R KronforstAbstract:One of the most striking examples of sexual dimorphism is sex-limited Mimicry in butterflies, a phenomenon in which one sex--usually the female--mimics a toxic model species, whereas the other sex displays a different wing pattern. Sex-limited Mimicry is phylogenetically widespread in the swallowtail butterfly genus Papilio, in which it is often associated with female mimetic polymorphism. In multiple polymorphic species, the entire wing pattern phenotype is controlled by a single Mendelian 'supergene'. Although theoretical work has explored the evolutionary dynamics of supergene Mimicry, there are almost no empirical data that address the critical issue of what a Mimicry supergene actually is at a functional level. Using an integrative approach combining genetic and association mapping, transcriptome and genome sequencing, and gene expression analyses, we show that a single gene, doublesex, controls supergene Mimicry in Papilio polytes. This is in contrast to the long-held view that supergenes are likely to be controlled by a tightly linked cluster of loci. Analysis of gene expression and DNA sequence variation indicates that isoform expression differences contribute to the functional differences between dsx Mimicry alleles, and protein sequence evolution may also have a role. Our results combine elements from different hypotheses for the identity of supergenes, showing that a single gene can switch the entire wing pattern among Mimicry phenotypes but may require multiple, tightly linked mutations to do so.
