The Experts below are selected from a list of 300 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Malcolm Mcculloch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gravity energy storage with suspended weights for abandoned Mine Shafts
Applied Energy, 2019Co-Authors: Thomas Morstyn, Martin Chilcott, Malcolm MccullochAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates the potential of using gravity energy storage with suspended weights as a new technology for redeveloping abandoned deep Mine Shafts. The technology has relatively low energy density, but has advantages including a power capacity decoupled from its energy capacity, no cycle-limit and the potential to be combined with compressed air energy storage. It is currently being trialled in the United Kingdom, targeting abandoned coal Mines. The paper presents analysis for sizing the suspended weight to maximize the energy storage capacity, given a Mine shaft’s physical dimensions. In addition, it is shown that the power capacity of the system’s motor and power electronics deterMine the maximum ramp-rate, and therefore the range of power system services that can be provided. A case study is presented, estimating the total energy storage capacity which could be obtained by converting abandoned Mines in the United Kingdom Midlands, using geographic information system data from the United Kingdom Government Coal Authority Abandoned Mine Catalogue.
Xianxiang Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation on the stability of vertical Mine Shafts below thick loose strata based on the comprehensive weight method and a fuzzy matter element analysis model
Geofluids, 2019Co-Authors: Wenquan Zhang, Zaiyong Wang, Jianli Shao, Xianxiang ZhuAbstract:Damage to Mine Shafts located below thick loose aquifers, caused by coal seam mining, can seriously affect the operational safety of Mines. In view of such a problem, the comprehensive weight method and the fuzzy matter-element analysis method were used to analyze and evaluate the stability of Mine Shafts below thick, loose aquifers. Based on data relating to shaft structure parameters collected from fifteen damaged Shafts in coal Mines in East China, a comprehensive analysis was performed. The results showed that (1) the two indexes of surface subsidence velocity and water level drop value at the bottom of a loose aquifer have a large influence on the stability of Shafts below thick loose aquifers, and (2) the predicted results of thirteen sets of samples were the same as the results measured during actual production; the accuracy of the model was 86.67%. The comprehensive weight method and the fuzzy matter-element analysis model both show good reliability for evaluating the stability of Mine Shafts below thick loose aquifers and can provide a scientific reference for the analysis of the stability of Mine Shafts in areas with thick loose strata, as well as for the design of comprehensive control plans that could subsequently be implemented.
Hakon Austrheim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in situ sequestration of atmospheric co2 at low temperature and surface cracking of serpentinized peridotite in Mine Shafts
Chemical Geology, 2012Co-Authors: Andreas Beinlich, Hakon AustrheimAbstract:Abstract The investigation of carbonate formation at low temperature during weathering of ultramafic rocks has become increasingly important as it represents an analog study for a cost-efficient carbon disposal strategy. Here we present new insight into carbonate formation under subarctic surface conditions obtained from extensively carbonated chromite Mine Shafts in the Feragen ultramafic body, E Norway. Carbonation proceeded by formation of mm- to cm-thick carbonate surface coatings on the serpentinized peridotite host rock. The surface coatings consist in most cases of pure lansfordite (MgCO 3 ·5H 2 O) and sometimes nesquehonite (MgCO 3 ·3H 2 O). Heavy O- and C-isotopes are strongly enriched in the carbonate coatings relative to drip water samples from the Mines and water samples from subaerial ponds. The major element composition of the water samples reveal that infiltrating rainwater reacts rapidly with the peridotite mainly due to brucite dissolution. Within the Mines, discharging alkaline water forms thin films on walls and ceilings that evaporate upon circulation of cold, dry air. In Mines with only one opening the carbonation is limited to the entrance area. In Mines with a more efficient air circulation due to multiple entrances carbonation is found throughout the Mine. Evaporation of the Mine water results in lansfordite saturation and precipitation and is accompanied by a Rayleigh-type distillation effect causing enrichment of the heavy C- and O-isotopes in the liquid from which the carbonates precipitate. Formation of the carbonate coatings involved fragmentation of the underlying serpentinite substrate. Fragmentation proceeded by subcritical cracking, i.e. by a combination of substrate weakening due to brucite dissolution and stress build-up due to lansfordite precipitation in fractures close to the surface. Reaction-induced fracturing represents a positive feedback mechanism as it creates additional reactive surface area during the carbonation. Mining operations in the area ceased in the mid 1920s indicating that the described carbonation occurs on a time-scale relevant for the disposal of anthropogenic CO 2 .
John Norgard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection imaging of buried objects using spatial angular diversity with distributed embedded sub surface sensors for reduced mutual coupling and suppressed em emissions
International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2007Co-Authors: John Norgard, Kevin Magde, Andy Drozd, Michael C. Wicks, Randall L MusselmanAbstract:The proliferation of strategic subsurface sanctuaries has increased the need for enhanced remote sensing techniques providing for the accurate detection and identification of deeply buried objects. A new RF Tomographic Technique is proposed in this concept paper for developing RF CAT Scans of buried objects using spectral, spatial/angular, and polarization diversity. This imaging technique uses an embedded ring of subsurface radiators, delivered by earth-penetrating, non-explosive, electronic "e-bombs", as the source of strong underground radiated transmissions and uses distributed surface-contact sensors to collect the tomographic data for relay to a circling UAV and transmission to a remote control site (using layered sensing). Three-dimensional imaging algorithms are being developed to detect, image, and characterize deeply buried targets. Distributed transmitters and receivers significantly increase unwanted mutual coupling and EM emissions that interfere with signal reception. However, by embedding the transmitters underground, reduced mutual coupling and EM emissions (and improved signal-to-noise ratios) can be achieved. Simple surface SAR experiments over deep Mine Shafts have been performed to validate the 3D processing algorithms using 2D surface SAR sensor data. WIPL-D models have also been used to simulate the embedded and distributed sensors and to verify the significant enhancement in the received signal-to-noise ratio obtained by burying the radiating ring under the surface sensors.
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Distributed/embedded sub-surface sensors for imaging buried objects with reduced mutual coupling and suppressed electromagnetic emissions
2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference, 2007Co-Authors: John Norgard, Kevin Magde, Michael C. Wicks, William Baldygo, William Moore, Andrew Drozd, Randall MusselmanAbstract:The proliferation of strategic subsurface targets has increased the need for remote sensing techniques providing for the accurate detection and identification of deeply buried objects. A new RF tomographic technique is proposed in this concept paper for developing RF CAT Scans of buried objects using spectral, spatial/angular, and polarization diversity. This tomographic imaging technique, developed by Wicks and presented in GPR 2004 [1], uses embedded subsurface radiators, delivered by earth-penetrating non-explosive, electronic "e-bombs", as the source of strong underground radiated transmissions. Distributed surface-contact sensors are used to collect the tomographic data for relay to a UAV and transmission to a remote site. Three-dimensional imaging algorithms have been developed to detect, image, and characterize deeply buried targets. By embedding the transmitters underground, reduced mutual coupling and EM emissions, and improved signal-to-noise ratios can be achieved. Simple surface SAR experiments over deep Mine Shafts have been performed to validate the 3D processing algorithms using 2D surface SAR sensor data. WIPL-D models have also been used to simulate the embedded and distributed sensors and to verify the significant enhancement in the received signal-to-noise ratio obtained by burying radiators under the surface.
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Detection/imaging of buried objects: Using spatial/angular diversity with distributed/embedded sub-surface sensors for reduced mutual coupling and suppressed EM emissions
IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2007Co-Authors: John Norgard, Kevin Magde, Andy Drozd, Michael Wicks, Randy MusselmanAbstract:The proliferation of strategic subsurface sanctuaries has increased the need for enhanced remote sensing techniques providing for the accurate detection and identification of deeply buried objects. A new RF Tomographic Technique is proposed in this concept paper for developing RF CAT Scans of buried objects using spectral, spatial/angular, and polarization diversity. This imaging technique uses an embedded ring of subsurface radiators, delivered by earth-penetrating, non-explosive, electronic ``e-bombs{''}, as the source of strong underground radiated transmissions and uses distributed surface-contact sensors to collect the tomographic data for relay to a circling UAV and transmission to a remote control site (using layered sensing). Three-dimensional imaging algorithms are being developed to detect, image, and characterize deeply buried targets. Distributed transmitters and receivers significantly increase unwanted mutual coupling and EM emissions that interfere with signal reception. However, by embedding the transmitters underground, reduced mutual coupling and EM emissions (and improved signal-to-noise ratios) can be achieved. Simple surface SAR experiments over deep Mine Shafts have been performed to validate the 3D processing algorithms using 2D surface SAR sensor data. WIPL-D models have also been used to simulate the embedded and distributed sensors and to verify the significant enhancement in the received signal-to-noise ratio obtained by burying the radiating ring under the surface sensors.
Romuald Salmon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Case studies and analysis of Mine Shafts incidents in Europe
2012Co-Authors: Amélie Lecomte, Romuald Salmon, Wenbo Yang, Alec M. Marshall, M. Purvis, Stanisław Prusek, S. Bock, L. Gajda, J. Dziura, Agustin Munos NiharraAbstract:Entry to Mine workings is normally gained by means of vertical Shafts or horizontal or inclined tunnels called adits. Other mining objects such as fan drifts and wheel pits are often associated with Mine Shafts. Such mining objects may or may not have been filled, wholly or partially, or otherwise sealed to prevent entry when the Mine was abandoned. Nowadays Mine entries are usually adequately protected on abandonment to prevent accidental ingress. Many earlier Mine entries remain open, however, and may pose a threat to human safety. Within the framework of MISSTER (Mine Shafts: improving security and new tools for the evaluation of risks), a European RFCS project (Research Fund for Coal and Steel), a selection of representative cases of Mine Shafts incidents was reviewed. This work was carried out by INERIS (France), GEOCONTROL (Spain), University of Nottingham and Mine Rescue Service Ltd (United Kingdom), Central Mining Institute and KWSA (Poland). The experience accumulated through this work will allow a fuller determination of risk scenarios associated with Mine Shafts.
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Impact of Mine closure and access facilities on gas emissions from old Mine workings to surface : examples of French iron and coal Lorraine basins
2012Co-Authors: Candice Lagny, Romuald Salmon, Zbigniew Pokryszka, Stéphane LafortuneAbstract:Closure methods and techniques of Mine Shafts located in the iron Lorraine basin, in the Lorraine and in North-East coal basins are quite different. For the first, they are associated with adits. Some are closed by a simple grid to avoid entrance in Mine workings but gas entrance and exit are allowed. Coal Shafts are secured and can be equipped with a vent to enable Mine gas outflow in specific conditions. Measurements stations were installed on Mine accesses to monitor Mine gas parameters (oxygen, carbon dioxide and methane volumetric content, radon volumetric activity, flow velocity, gas temperature and differential pressure) and external parameters (temperature and barometric pressure). The results show that gas flow can be regulated mainly by temperature gradient between external atmosphere and Mine workings (in iron Mines) or by barometric pressure (in coal Mines). Gas emissions from iron Mines may require extra securing protocol that prevents population exposal to noxious gas.
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Mine Shafts in Nord and Pas-de-Calais coalfield, France : risk assessment and treatment technique
Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Section a-Mining Industry, 2003Co-Authors: Romuald Salmon, Marie DegasAbstract:In France, coalfield abandonment is controlled by legal procedures that require owners to identify and assess residual risks associated with the underground Mine workings. If necessary, treatment techniques must be defined in these assessments in order to mitigate the associated risks for the population and future land planning. The main risks associated with MineShafts are the sudden collapse of their column, gas explosion, asphyxiation and/or intoxication. The Nord and Pas-de-Calais coalfield extends 100 km from east to west and 15 kin from north to south. Coal exploitation induced the sinking of more than 600 Shafts from 1716 to 1960 spread over 41 coalfields. The present paper describes the work accomplished by Ineris and the French Coal Board (Charbonnages de France) for Mineshaft vicinity security. The first section covers risk assessment methodology and aims to identify and evaluate the risks associated with Mine Shafts. The great number of Shafts has led Ineris to develop a methodology to ease the analysis. The present study then discusses the techniques involved in the treatment of, Mine Shafts in Nord and Pas-de-Calais coalfield which must be adapted according to the risk assessment as well as the surface occupation.
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Mine Shafts in Nord-Pas-de-Calais coalfield (France) Risk assessment and treatment technique
2001Co-Authors: Romuald Salmon, Marie Degas, Rémy GobillotAbstract:In France, coal concessions abandonment is fixed by legal procedures that lead the owner to achieve studies for the identification and the assessment of residual risks associated with underground Mine workings. If necessary, treatment techniques must be defined in these studies in order to mitigate the associated risks for the population and future land planning. The multiplicity of Mine Shafts in coal mining areas have created many present-day problems. The main risks associated with Mine Shafts are the sudden collapse of their column and gas explosion, asphyxiation and/or intoxication. The Nord and Pas-de-Calais coalfield extends 100 km from East to West and 15 km from North to South. Coal exploitation induced the sinking of more than 600 Shafts from 1716 to 1960 widespread over 41 concessions. The paper describes the work accomplished by INERIS and Charbonnages de France for Mine Shafts vicinity security.