The Experts below are selected from a list of 186 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
W J Fisk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contaminant levels source strengths and Ventilation Rates in california retail stores
Indoor Air, 2015Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, Douglas P Sullivan, W J FiskAbstract:UNLABELLED: This field study measured Ventilation Rates and indoor air quality in 21 visits to retail stores in California. Three types of stores, such as grocery, furniture/hardware stores, and apparel, were sampled. Ventilation Rates measured using a tracer gas decay method exceeded the Minimum requirement of California's Title 24 Standard in all but one store. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and carbon dioxide measured indoors and outdoors were analyzed. Even though there was adequate Ventilation according to standard, concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exceeded the most stringent chronic health guidelines in many of the sampled stores. The whole-building emission Rates of VOCs were estimated from the measured Ventilation Rates and the concentrations measured indoor and outdoor. Estimated formaldehyde emission Rates suggest that retail stores would need to ventilate at levels far exceeding the current Title 24 requirement to lower indoor concentrations below California's stringent formaldehyde reference level. Given the high costs of providing Ventilation, effective source control is an attractive alternative. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Field measurements suggest that California retail stores were well ventilated relative to the Minimum Ventilation Rate requirement specified in the Building Energy Efficiency Standards Title 24. Concentrations of formaldehyde found in retail stores were low relative to levels found in homes but exceeded the most stringent chronic health guideline. Looking ahead, California is mandating zero energy commercial buildings by 2030. To reduce the energy use from building Ventilation while maintaining or even lowering formaldehyde in retail stores, effective formaldehyde source control measures are vitally important.
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Cooking-related PM2.5 and acrolein measured in grocery stores and comparison with other retail types.
Indoor air, 2015Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, D P Sullivan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, W J FiskAbstract:We measured particulate matter (PM), acrolein, and other indoor air contaminants in eight visits to grocery stores in California. Retail stores of other types (hardware, furniture, and apparel) were also sampled on additional visits. Based on tracer gas decay data, most stores had adequate Ventilation according to Minimum Ventilation Rate standards. Grocery stores had significantly higher concentrations of acrolein, fine and ultrafine PM, compared to other retail stores, likely attributable to cooking. Indoor concentrations of PM2.5 and acrolein exceeded health guidelines in all tested grocery stores. Acrolein emission Rates to indoors in grocery stores had a mean estimate about 30 times higher than in other retail store types. About 80% of the indoor PM2.5 measured in grocery stores was emitted indoors, compared to only 20% for the other retail store types. Calculations suggest a substantial increase in outdoor air Ventilation Rate by a factor of three from current level is needed to reduce indoor acrolein concentrations. Alternatively, acrolein emission to indoors needs to be reduced 70% by better capturing of cooking exhaust. To maintain indoor PM2.5 below the California annual ambient standard of 12 μg/m(3) , grocery stores need to use air filters with an efficiency rating higher than the MERV 8 air filters commonly used today.
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evaluation of the indoor air quality Minimum Ventilation Rate procedure for use in california retail buildings
Indoor Air, 2015Co-Authors: S M Dutton, D P Sullivan, Mark J Mendell, Wanyu R Chan, M Barrios, Meera Sidheswaran, Ekaterina A Eliseeva, W J FiskAbstract:This research assesses benefits of adding to California Title-24 Ventilation Rate (VR) standards a performance-based option, similar to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers ‘Indoor Air Quality Procedure’ (IAQP) for retail spaces. Ventilation Rates and concentrations of contaminants of concern (CoC) were measured in 13 stores. Mass balance models were used to estimate ‘IAQP-based’ VRs that would maintain concentrations of all CoCs below health- or odor-based reference concentration limits. An intervention study in a ‘big box’ store assessed how the current VR, the Title 24-prescribed VR, and the IAQP-based VR (0.24, 0.69, and 1.51 air changes per hour) influenced measured IAQ and perceived of IAQ. Neither current VRs nor Title 24-prescribed VRs would maintain all CoCs below reference limits in 12 of 13 stores. In the big box store, the IAQP-based VR kept all CoCs below limits. More than 80% of subjects reported acceptable air quality at all three VRs. In 11 of 13 buildings, saving energy through lower VRs while maintaining acceptable IAQ would require source reduction or gas-phase air cleaning for CoCs. In only one of the 13 retail stores surveyed, application of the IAQP would have allowed reduced VRs without additional contaminant-reduction stRategies.
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Contaminant levels, source strengths, and Ventilation Rates in California retail stores.
Indoor air, 2014Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, D P Sullivan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, W J FiskAbstract:UNLABELLED This field study measured Ventilation Rates and indoor air quality in 21 visits to retail stores in California. Three types of stores, such as grocery, furniture/hardware stores, and apparel, were sampled. Ventilation Rates measured using a tracer gas decay method exceeded the Minimum requirement of California's Title 24 Standard in all but one store. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and carbon dioxide measured indoors and outdoors were analyzed. Even though there was adequate Ventilation according to standard, concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exceeded the most stringent chronic health guidelines in many of the sampled stores. The whole-building emission Rates of VOCs were estimated from the measured Ventilation Rates and the concentrations measured indoor and outdoor. Estimated formaldehyde emission Rates suggest that retail stores would need to ventilate at levels far exceeding the current Title 24 requirement to lower indoor concentrations below California's stringent formaldehyde reference level. Given the high costs of providing Ventilation, effective source control is an attractive alternative. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Field measurements suggest that California retail stores were well ventilated relative to the Minimum Ventilation Rate requirement specified in the Building Energy Efficiency Standards Title 24. Concentrations of formaldehyde found in retail stores were low relative to levels found in homes but exceeded the most stringent chronic health guideline. Looking ahead, California is mandating zero energy commercial buildings by 2030. To reduce the energy use from building Ventilation while maintaining or even lowering formaldehyde in retail stores, effective formaldehyde source control measures are vitally important.
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Comparison of predicted and derived measures of volatile organic compounds inside four new relocatable classrooms
Indoor Air, 2004Co-Authors: A T Hodgson, W J Fisk, D G Shendell, M G ApteAbstract:UNLABELLED Our objective was to develop a process for selecting interior finish materials having low impacts with respect to emissions of toxic and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for school relocatable classrooms (RCs). A laboratory study identified alternate materials with low VOC emissions. Two pairs of RCs then were constructed. One RC per pair contained standard interior materials; the other incorpoRated alternate materials. The pairs were sited side-by-side at two California elementary schools in fall 2001. Fifteen target VOCs, including the toxicants formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, vinyl acetate, phenol, toluene, and naphthalene, were measured during school hours over 8 weeks in the succeeding fall cooling season. Indoor minus outdoor VOC concentrations with an advanced HVAC opeRated were low; only formaldehyde concentrations exceeded 5 p.p.b. Classroom VOC concentrations were predicted based on emission factors (microg/m(2)/h), material quantities and design Ventilation Rates. These were compared to average adjusted concentrations measured when the occupied classrooms were operating at near the code-Minimum Ventilation Rate. For 16 of the possible 42 comparisons, measured concentrations agreed within a factor of two of predicted the predicted values. Concentrations of six of 10 VOCs were significantly lower in modified RCs though average differences were mostly less than 1 p.p.b. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Laboratory-based material testing combined with modeling and field validation to select low VOC-impact interior finish materials helped achieve the aim of providing generally acceptable air quality in new school relocatable classrooms (RCs). The accuracy of the combined process was evidenced by the correct prediction of air quality impacts, though small, due to material VOC emissions when the study RCs were ventilated at code-Minimum requirements. The process could be generalized to other manufacturers and classroom types. Material selection also is important to accommodate reduced Ventilation Rate conditions, which likely occur in many classrooms.
Wanyu R Chan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contaminant levels source strengths and Ventilation Rates in california retail stores
Indoor Air, 2015Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, Douglas P Sullivan, W J FiskAbstract:UNLABELLED: This field study measured Ventilation Rates and indoor air quality in 21 visits to retail stores in California. Three types of stores, such as grocery, furniture/hardware stores, and apparel, were sampled. Ventilation Rates measured using a tracer gas decay method exceeded the Minimum requirement of California's Title 24 Standard in all but one store. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and carbon dioxide measured indoors and outdoors were analyzed. Even though there was adequate Ventilation according to standard, concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exceeded the most stringent chronic health guidelines in many of the sampled stores. The whole-building emission Rates of VOCs were estimated from the measured Ventilation Rates and the concentrations measured indoor and outdoor. Estimated formaldehyde emission Rates suggest that retail stores would need to ventilate at levels far exceeding the current Title 24 requirement to lower indoor concentrations below California's stringent formaldehyde reference level. Given the high costs of providing Ventilation, effective source control is an attractive alternative. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Field measurements suggest that California retail stores were well ventilated relative to the Minimum Ventilation Rate requirement specified in the Building Energy Efficiency Standards Title 24. Concentrations of formaldehyde found in retail stores were low relative to levels found in homes but exceeded the most stringent chronic health guideline. Looking ahead, California is mandating zero energy commercial buildings by 2030. To reduce the energy use from building Ventilation while maintaining or even lowering formaldehyde in retail stores, effective formaldehyde source control measures are vitally important.
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Cooking-related PM2.5 and acrolein measured in grocery stores and comparison with other retail types.
Indoor air, 2015Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, D P Sullivan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, W J FiskAbstract:We measured particulate matter (PM), acrolein, and other indoor air contaminants in eight visits to grocery stores in California. Retail stores of other types (hardware, furniture, and apparel) were also sampled on additional visits. Based on tracer gas decay data, most stores had adequate Ventilation according to Minimum Ventilation Rate standards. Grocery stores had significantly higher concentrations of acrolein, fine and ultrafine PM, compared to other retail stores, likely attributable to cooking. Indoor concentrations of PM2.5 and acrolein exceeded health guidelines in all tested grocery stores. Acrolein emission Rates to indoors in grocery stores had a mean estimate about 30 times higher than in other retail store types. About 80% of the indoor PM2.5 measured in grocery stores was emitted indoors, compared to only 20% for the other retail store types. Calculations suggest a substantial increase in outdoor air Ventilation Rate by a factor of three from current level is needed to reduce indoor acrolein concentrations. Alternatively, acrolein emission to indoors needs to be reduced 70% by better capturing of cooking exhaust. To maintain indoor PM2.5 below the California annual ambient standard of 12 μg/m(3) , grocery stores need to use air filters with an efficiency rating higher than the MERV 8 air filters commonly used today.
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evaluation of the indoor air quality Minimum Ventilation Rate procedure for use in california retail buildings
Indoor Air, 2015Co-Authors: S M Dutton, D P Sullivan, Mark J Mendell, Wanyu R Chan, M Barrios, Meera Sidheswaran, Ekaterina A Eliseeva, W J FiskAbstract:This research assesses benefits of adding to California Title-24 Ventilation Rate (VR) standards a performance-based option, similar to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers ‘Indoor Air Quality Procedure’ (IAQP) for retail spaces. Ventilation Rates and concentrations of contaminants of concern (CoC) were measured in 13 stores. Mass balance models were used to estimate ‘IAQP-based’ VRs that would maintain concentrations of all CoCs below health- or odor-based reference concentration limits. An intervention study in a ‘big box’ store assessed how the current VR, the Title 24-prescribed VR, and the IAQP-based VR (0.24, 0.69, and 1.51 air changes per hour) influenced measured IAQ and perceived of IAQ. Neither current VRs nor Title 24-prescribed VRs would maintain all CoCs below reference limits in 12 of 13 stores. In the big box store, the IAQP-based VR kept all CoCs below limits. More than 80% of subjects reported acceptable air quality at all three VRs. In 11 of 13 buildings, saving energy through lower VRs while maintaining acceptable IAQ would require source reduction or gas-phase air cleaning for CoCs. In only one of the 13 retail stores surveyed, application of the IAQP would have allowed reduced VRs without additional contaminant-reduction stRategies.
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Contaminant levels, source strengths, and Ventilation Rates in California retail stores.
Indoor air, 2014Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, D P Sullivan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, W J FiskAbstract:UNLABELLED This field study measured Ventilation Rates and indoor air quality in 21 visits to retail stores in California. Three types of stores, such as grocery, furniture/hardware stores, and apparel, were sampled. Ventilation Rates measured using a tracer gas decay method exceeded the Minimum requirement of California's Title 24 Standard in all but one store. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and carbon dioxide measured indoors and outdoors were analyzed. Even though there was adequate Ventilation according to standard, concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exceeded the most stringent chronic health guidelines in many of the sampled stores. The whole-building emission Rates of VOCs were estimated from the measured Ventilation Rates and the concentrations measured indoor and outdoor. Estimated formaldehyde emission Rates suggest that retail stores would need to ventilate at levels far exceeding the current Title 24 requirement to lower indoor concentrations below California's stringent formaldehyde reference level. Given the high costs of providing Ventilation, effective source control is an attractive alternative. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Field measurements suggest that California retail stores were well ventilated relative to the Minimum Ventilation Rate requirement specified in the Building Energy Efficiency Standards Title 24. Concentrations of formaldehyde found in retail stores were low relative to levels found in homes but exceeded the most stringent chronic health guideline. Looking ahead, California is mandating zero energy commercial buildings by 2030. To reduce the energy use from building Ventilation while maintaining or even lowering formaldehyde in retail stores, effective formaldehyde source control measures are vitally important.
Meera Sidheswaran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contaminant levels source strengths and Ventilation Rates in california retail stores
Indoor Air, 2015Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, Douglas P Sullivan, W J FiskAbstract:UNLABELLED: This field study measured Ventilation Rates and indoor air quality in 21 visits to retail stores in California. Three types of stores, such as grocery, furniture/hardware stores, and apparel, were sampled. Ventilation Rates measured using a tracer gas decay method exceeded the Minimum requirement of California's Title 24 Standard in all but one store. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and carbon dioxide measured indoors and outdoors were analyzed. Even though there was adequate Ventilation according to standard, concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exceeded the most stringent chronic health guidelines in many of the sampled stores. The whole-building emission Rates of VOCs were estimated from the measured Ventilation Rates and the concentrations measured indoor and outdoor. Estimated formaldehyde emission Rates suggest that retail stores would need to ventilate at levels far exceeding the current Title 24 requirement to lower indoor concentrations below California's stringent formaldehyde reference level. Given the high costs of providing Ventilation, effective source control is an attractive alternative. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Field measurements suggest that California retail stores were well ventilated relative to the Minimum Ventilation Rate requirement specified in the Building Energy Efficiency Standards Title 24. Concentrations of formaldehyde found in retail stores were low relative to levels found in homes but exceeded the most stringent chronic health guideline. Looking ahead, California is mandating zero energy commercial buildings by 2030. To reduce the energy use from building Ventilation while maintaining or even lowering formaldehyde in retail stores, effective formaldehyde source control measures are vitally important.
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Cooking-related PM2.5 and acrolein measured in grocery stores and comparison with other retail types.
Indoor air, 2015Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, D P Sullivan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, W J FiskAbstract:We measured particulate matter (PM), acrolein, and other indoor air contaminants in eight visits to grocery stores in California. Retail stores of other types (hardware, furniture, and apparel) were also sampled on additional visits. Based on tracer gas decay data, most stores had adequate Ventilation according to Minimum Ventilation Rate standards. Grocery stores had significantly higher concentrations of acrolein, fine and ultrafine PM, compared to other retail stores, likely attributable to cooking. Indoor concentrations of PM2.5 and acrolein exceeded health guidelines in all tested grocery stores. Acrolein emission Rates to indoors in grocery stores had a mean estimate about 30 times higher than in other retail store types. About 80% of the indoor PM2.5 measured in grocery stores was emitted indoors, compared to only 20% for the other retail store types. Calculations suggest a substantial increase in outdoor air Ventilation Rate by a factor of three from current level is needed to reduce indoor acrolein concentrations. Alternatively, acrolein emission to indoors needs to be reduced 70% by better capturing of cooking exhaust. To maintain indoor PM2.5 below the California annual ambient standard of 12 μg/m(3) , grocery stores need to use air filters with an efficiency rating higher than the MERV 8 air filters commonly used today.
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evaluation of the indoor air quality Minimum Ventilation Rate procedure for use in california retail buildings
Indoor Air, 2015Co-Authors: S M Dutton, D P Sullivan, Mark J Mendell, Wanyu R Chan, M Barrios, Meera Sidheswaran, Ekaterina A Eliseeva, W J FiskAbstract:This research assesses benefits of adding to California Title-24 Ventilation Rate (VR) standards a performance-based option, similar to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers ‘Indoor Air Quality Procedure’ (IAQP) for retail spaces. Ventilation Rates and concentrations of contaminants of concern (CoC) were measured in 13 stores. Mass balance models were used to estimate ‘IAQP-based’ VRs that would maintain concentrations of all CoCs below health- or odor-based reference concentration limits. An intervention study in a ‘big box’ store assessed how the current VR, the Title 24-prescribed VR, and the IAQP-based VR (0.24, 0.69, and 1.51 air changes per hour) influenced measured IAQ and perceived of IAQ. Neither current VRs nor Title 24-prescribed VRs would maintain all CoCs below reference limits in 12 of 13 stores. In the big box store, the IAQP-based VR kept all CoCs below limits. More than 80% of subjects reported acceptable air quality at all three VRs. In 11 of 13 buildings, saving energy through lower VRs while maintaining acceptable IAQ would require source reduction or gas-phase air cleaning for CoCs. In only one of the 13 retail stores surveyed, application of the IAQP would have allowed reduced VRs without additional contaminant-reduction stRategies.
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Contaminant levels, source strengths, and Ventilation Rates in California retail stores.
Indoor air, 2014Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, D P Sullivan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, W J FiskAbstract:UNLABELLED This field study measured Ventilation Rates and indoor air quality in 21 visits to retail stores in California. Three types of stores, such as grocery, furniture/hardware stores, and apparel, were sampled. Ventilation Rates measured using a tracer gas decay method exceeded the Minimum requirement of California's Title 24 Standard in all but one store. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and carbon dioxide measured indoors and outdoors were analyzed. Even though there was adequate Ventilation according to standard, concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exceeded the most stringent chronic health guidelines in many of the sampled stores. The whole-building emission Rates of VOCs were estimated from the measured Ventilation Rates and the concentrations measured indoor and outdoor. Estimated formaldehyde emission Rates suggest that retail stores would need to ventilate at levels far exceeding the current Title 24 requirement to lower indoor concentrations below California's stringent formaldehyde reference level. Given the high costs of providing Ventilation, effective source control is an attractive alternative. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Field measurements suggest that California retail stores were well ventilated relative to the Minimum Ventilation Rate requirement specified in the Building Energy Efficiency Standards Title 24. Concentrations of formaldehyde found in retail stores were low relative to levels found in homes but exceeded the most stringent chronic health guideline. Looking ahead, California is mandating zero energy commercial buildings by 2030. To reduce the energy use from building Ventilation while maintaining or even lowering formaldehyde in retail stores, effective formaldehyde source control measures are vitally important.
D P Sullivan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cooking-related PM2.5 and acrolein measured in grocery stores and comparison with other retail types.
Indoor air, 2015Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, D P Sullivan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, W J FiskAbstract:We measured particulate matter (PM), acrolein, and other indoor air contaminants in eight visits to grocery stores in California. Retail stores of other types (hardware, furniture, and apparel) were also sampled on additional visits. Based on tracer gas decay data, most stores had adequate Ventilation according to Minimum Ventilation Rate standards. Grocery stores had significantly higher concentrations of acrolein, fine and ultrafine PM, compared to other retail stores, likely attributable to cooking. Indoor concentrations of PM2.5 and acrolein exceeded health guidelines in all tested grocery stores. Acrolein emission Rates to indoors in grocery stores had a mean estimate about 30 times higher than in other retail store types. About 80% of the indoor PM2.5 measured in grocery stores was emitted indoors, compared to only 20% for the other retail store types. Calculations suggest a substantial increase in outdoor air Ventilation Rate by a factor of three from current level is needed to reduce indoor acrolein concentrations. Alternatively, acrolein emission to indoors needs to be reduced 70% by better capturing of cooking exhaust. To maintain indoor PM2.5 below the California annual ambient standard of 12 μg/m(3) , grocery stores need to use air filters with an efficiency rating higher than the MERV 8 air filters commonly used today.
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evaluation of the indoor air quality Minimum Ventilation Rate procedure for use in california retail buildings
Indoor Air, 2015Co-Authors: S M Dutton, D P Sullivan, Mark J Mendell, Wanyu R Chan, M Barrios, Meera Sidheswaran, Ekaterina A Eliseeva, W J FiskAbstract:This research assesses benefits of adding to California Title-24 Ventilation Rate (VR) standards a performance-based option, similar to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers ‘Indoor Air Quality Procedure’ (IAQP) for retail spaces. Ventilation Rates and concentrations of contaminants of concern (CoC) were measured in 13 stores. Mass balance models were used to estimate ‘IAQP-based’ VRs that would maintain concentrations of all CoCs below health- or odor-based reference concentration limits. An intervention study in a ‘big box’ store assessed how the current VR, the Title 24-prescribed VR, and the IAQP-based VR (0.24, 0.69, and 1.51 air changes per hour) influenced measured IAQ and perceived of IAQ. Neither current VRs nor Title 24-prescribed VRs would maintain all CoCs below reference limits in 12 of 13 stores. In the big box store, the IAQP-based VR kept all CoCs below limits. More than 80% of subjects reported acceptable air quality at all three VRs. In 11 of 13 buildings, saving energy through lower VRs while maintaining acceptable IAQ would require source reduction or gas-phase air cleaning for CoCs. In only one of the 13 retail stores surveyed, application of the IAQP would have allowed reduced VRs without additional contaminant-reduction stRategies.
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Contaminant levels, source strengths, and Ventilation Rates in California retail stores.
Indoor air, 2014Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, D P Sullivan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, W J FiskAbstract:UNLABELLED This field study measured Ventilation Rates and indoor air quality in 21 visits to retail stores in California. Three types of stores, such as grocery, furniture/hardware stores, and apparel, were sampled. Ventilation Rates measured using a tracer gas decay method exceeded the Minimum requirement of California's Title 24 Standard in all but one store. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and carbon dioxide measured indoors and outdoors were analyzed. Even though there was adequate Ventilation according to standard, concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exceeded the most stringent chronic health guidelines in many of the sampled stores. The whole-building emission Rates of VOCs were estimated from the measured Ventilation Rates and the concentrations measured indoor and outdoor. Estimated formaldehyde emission Rates suggest that retail stores would need to ventilate at levels far exceeding the current Title 24 requirement to lower indoor concentrations below California's stringent formaldehyde reference level. Given the high costs of providing Ventilation, effective source control is an attractive alternative. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Field measurements suggest that California retail stores were well ventilated relative to the Minimum Ventilation Rate requirement specified in the Building Energy Efficiency Standards Title 24. Concentrations of formaldehyde found in retail stores were low relative to levels found in homes but exceeded the most stringent chronic health guideline. Looking ahead, California is mandating zero energy commercial buildings by 2030. To reduce the energy use from building Ventilation while maintaining or even lowering formaldehyde in retail stores, effective formaldehyde source control measures are vitally important.
Sebastian Cohn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contaminant levels source strengths and Ventilation Rates in california retail stores
Indoor Air, 2015Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, Douglas P Sullivan, W J FiskAbstract:UNLABELLED: This field study measured Ventilation Rates and indoor air quality in 21 visits to retail stores in California. Three types of stores, such as grocery, furniture/hardware stores, and apparel, were sampled. Ventilation Rates measured using a tracer gas decay method exceeded the Minimum requirement of California's Title 24 Standard in all but one store. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and carbon dioxide measured indoors and outdoors were analyzed. Even though there was adequate Ventilation according to standard, concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exceeded the most stringent chronic health guidelines in many of the sampled stores. The whole-building emission Rates of VOCs were estimated from the measured Ventilation Rates and the concentrations measured indoor and outdoor. Estimated formaldehyde emission Rates suggest that retail stores would need to ventilate at levels far exceeding the current Title 24 requirement to lower indoor concentrations below California's stringent formaldehyde reference level. Given the high costs of providing Ventilation, effective source control is an attractive alternative. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Field measurements suggest that California retail stores were well ventilated relative to the Minimum Ventilation Rate requirement specified in the Building Energy Efficiency Standards Title 24. Concentrations of formaldehyde found in retail stores were low relative to levels found in homes but exceeded the most stringent chronic health guideline. Looking ahead, California is mandating zero energy commercial buildings by 2030. To reduce the energy use from building Ventilation while maintaining or even lowering formaldehyde in retail stores, effective formaldehyde source control measures are vitally important.
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Cooking-related PM2.5 and acrolein measured in grocery stores and comparison with other retail types.
Indoor air, 2015Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, D P Sullivan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, W J FiskAbstract:We measured particulate matter (PM), acrolein, and other indoor air contaminants in eight visits to grocery stores in California. Retail stores of other types (hardware, furniture, and apparel) were also sampled on additional visits. Based on tracer gas decay data, most stores had adequate Ventilation according to Minimum Ventilation Rate standards. Grocery stores had significantly higher concentrations of acrolein, fine and ultrafine PM, compared to other retail stores, likely attributable to cooking. Indoor concentrations of PM2.5 and acrolein exceeded health guidelines in all tested grocery stores. Acrolein emission Rates to indoors in grocery stores had a mean estimate about 30 times higher than in other retail store types. About 80% of the indoor PM2.5 measured in grocery stores was emitted indoors, compared to only 20% for the other retail store types. Calculations suggest a substantial increase in outdoor air Ventilation Rate by a factor of three from current level is needed to reduce indoor acrolein concentrations. Alternatively, acrolein emission to indoors needs to be reduced 70% by better capturing of cooking exhaust. To maintain indoor PM2.5 below the California annual ambient standard of 12 μg/m(3) , grocery stores need to use air filters with an efficiency rating higher than the MERV 8 air filters commonly used today.
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Contaminant levels, source strengths, and Ventilation Rates in California retail stores.
Indoor air, 2014Co-Authors: Wanyu R Chan, D P Sullivan, Meera Sidheswaran, Sebastian Cohn, W J FiskAbstract:UNLABELLED This field study measured Ventilation Rates and indoor air quality in 21 visits to retail stores in California. Three types of stores, such as grocery, furniture/hardware stores, and apparel, were sampled. Ventilation Rates measured using a tracer gas decay method exceeded the Minimum requirement of California's Title 24 Standard in all but one store. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and carbon dioxide measured indoors and outdoors were analyzed. Even though there was adequate Ventilation according to standard, concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exceeded the most stringent chronic health guidelines in many of the sampled stores. The whole-building emission Rates of VOCs were estimated from the measured Ventilation Rates and the concentrations measured indoor and outdoor. Estimated formaldehyde emission Rates suggest that retail stores would need to ventilate at levels far exceeding the current Title 24 requirement to lower indoor concentrations below California's stringent formaldehyde reference level. Given the high costs of providing Ventilation, effective source control is an attractive alternative. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Field measurements suggest that California retail stores were well ventilated relative to the Minimum Ventilation Rate requirement specified in the Building Energy Efficiency Standards Title 24. Concentrations of formaldehyde found in retail stores were low relative to levels found in homes but exceeded the most stringent chronic health guideline. Looking ahead, California is mandating zero energy commercial buildings by 2030. To reduce the energy use from building Ventilation while maintaining or even lowering formaldehyde in retail stores, effective formaldehyde source control measures are vitally important.