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Volker Sick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on the ignition and flame development in a spray guided direct injection spark ignition engine
Combustion and Flame, 2014Co-Authors: Brian Peterson, David L Reuss, Volker SickAbstract:Abstract High-speed fuel, flow, and flame imaging are combined with spark discharge measurements to investigate the causes of rare Misfires and partial burns in a spray-guided spark-ignited direct-injection (SG-SIDI) engine over a range of nitrogen dilution levels (0–26% by volume). Planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) of biacetyl is combined with planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) to provide quantitative measurements of equivalence ratio and flow velocity within the tumble plane of an optical engine. Mie scattering images used for PIV are also used to identify the enflamed region to resolve the flame development. Engine parameters were selected to mimic low-load idle operating conditions with stratified fuel injection, which provided stable engine performance with the occurrence of rare Misfire and partial burn cycles. Nitrogen dilution was introduced into the intake air, thereby displacing the oxygen, which destabilized combustion and increased the occurrence of poor burning cycles. Spark measurements revealed that all cycles exhibited sufficient spark energy and duration for successful ignition. High-speed PLIF, PIV, and Mie scattering images were utilized to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of the fuel distribution and flow velocity on flame kernel development to better understand the nature of poor burning cycles at each dilution level. The images revealed that all cycles exhibited a flammable mixture near the spark plug at spark timing and a flame kernel was present for all cycles, but the flame failed to develop for Misfire and partial burn cycles. Improper flame development was caused by slow flame propagation which prevented the flame from consuming the bulk of the fuel mixture within the piston bowl, which was a crucial step to achieve further combustion. The mechanisms identified in this work that caused slower flame development are: (1) lean mixtures, (2) external dilution, and (3) convection velocities that impede transport of the flame into the fuel mixture.
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high speed imaging analysis of Misfires in a spray guided direct injection engine
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2011Co-Authors: Brian Peterson, David L Reuss, Volker SickAbstract:Abstract This study is an experimental investigation of rare Misfire and partial burn cycles in a spray-guided spark-ignited direct-injection optical engine. Spark discharge energy, discharge duration, flame imaging, velocity and equivalence ratio were measured every crank angle degree. Imaging was performed using high-speed 2-D particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser inducted fluorescence (PLIF). The engine was operated near its optimum but produced rare and random partial burn and Misfire cycles. Spark energy and spark duration for the partial burn and Misfire cycles fell within the range of those for the well-burned cycles, with a slight bias toward low-energy, short-duration discharges, indicating no abnormal spark discharge events. PIV and PLIF measurements extracted from a 4 mm × 4 mm region adjacent to and downstream of the spark plug at spark timing revealed that the partial burn and Misfire cycles occur under lean mixtures and low velocities, but still within the range of values for the well-burned cycles. PIV and PLIF images of partial burn and Misfire cycles were compared to well-burned cycles, which had similar velocities and equivalence ratios near the spark plug at the onset of spark. Observations of the fuel distribution and flame areas for the partial burns and Misfires showed that an early flame kernel was always formed, but failed to develop sufficiently to propagate to the fuel in the bowl. A flame kernel arriving late within the piston bowl found significantly leaner conditions and the mixture was not fully consumed leading to a partial burn. For Misfire cycles, the mixture in the measurement plane was significantly leaner surrounding the flame kernel, which disappeared shortly after the spark discharge. It is concluded that the partial burns and Misfires are not the result of failed ignition, but failure during the flame propagation process.
Brian Peterson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on the ignition and flame development in a spray guided direct injection spark ignition engine
Combustion and Flame, 2014Co-Authors: Brian Peterson, David L Reuss, Volker SickAbstract:Abstract High-speed fuel, flow, and flame imaging are combined with spark discharge measurements to investigate the causes of rare Misfires and partial burns in a spray-guided spark-ignited direct-injection (SG-SIDI) engine over a range of nitrogen dilution levels (0–26% by volume). Planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) of biacetyl is combined with planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) to provide quantitative measurements of equivalence ratio and flow velocity within the tumble plane of an optical engine. Mie scattering images used for PIV are also used to identify the enflamed region to resolve the flame development. Engine parameters were selected to mimic low-load idle operating conditions with stratified fuel injection, which provided stable engine performance with the occurrence of rare Misfire and partial burn cycles. Nitrogen dilution was introduced into the intake air, thereby displacing the oxygen, which destabilized combustion and increased the occurrence of poor burning cycles. Spark measurements revealed that all cycles exhibited sufficient spark energy and duration for successful ignition. High-speed PLIF, PIV, and Mie scattering images were utilized to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of the fuel distribution and flow velocity on flame kernel development to better understand the nature of poor burning cycles at each dilution level. The images revealed that all cycles exhibited a flammable mixture near the spark plug at spark timing and a flame kernel was present for all cycles, but the flame failed to develop for Misfire and partial burn cycles. Improper flame development was caused by slow flame propagation which prevented the flame from consuming the bulk of the fuel mixture within the piston bowl, which was a crucial step to achieve further combustion. The mechanisms identified in this work that caused slower flame development are: (1) lean mixtures, (2) external dilution, and (3) convection velocities that impede transport of the flame into the fuel mixture.
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high speed imaging analysis of Misfires in a spray guided direct injection engine
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2011Co-Authors: Brian Peterson, David L Reuss, Volker SickAbstract:Abstract This study is an experimental investigation of rare Misfire and partial burn cycles in a spray-guided spark-ignited direct-injection optical engine. Spark discharge energy, discharge duration, flame imaging, velocity and equivalence ratio were measured every crank angle degree. Imaging was performed using high-speed 2-D particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser inducted fluorescence (PLIF). The engine was operated near its optimum but produced rare and random partial burn and Misfire cycles. Spark energy and spark duration for the partial burn and Misfire cycles fell within the range of those for the well-burned cycles, with a slight bias toward low-energy, short-duration discharges, indicating no abnormal spark discharge events. PIV and PLIF measurements extracted from a 4 mm × 4 mm region adjacent to and downstream of the spark plug at spark timing revealed that the partial burn and Misfire cycles occur under lean mixtures and low velocities, but still within the range of values for the well-burned cycles. PIV and PLIF images of partial burn and Misfire cycles were compared to well-burned cycles, which had similar velocities and equivalence ratios near the spark plug at the onset of spark. Observations of the fuel distribution and flame areas for the partial burns and Misfires showed that an early flame kernel was always formed, but failed to develop sufficiently to propagate to the fuel in the bowl. A flame kernel arriving late within the piston bowl found significantly leaner conditions and the mixture was not fully consumed leading to a partial burn. For Misfire cycles, the mixture in the measurement plane was significantly leaner surrounding the flame kernel, which disappeared shortly after the spark discharge. It is concluded that the partial burns and Misfires are not the result of failed ignition, but failure during the flame propagation process.
Fabrizio Ponti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of a Torsional Behavior Powertrain Model for Multiple Misfire Detection
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2008Co-Authors: Fabrizio PontiAbstract:Many methodologies have been developed in the past for Misfire detection purposes based on the analysis of the instantaneous engine speed. The missing combustion is usually detected, thanks to the sudden engine speed decrease that takes place after a Misfire event. Misfire detection and, in particular, cylinder isolation are nevertheless still a challenging issue for engines with a high number of cylinders, for engine operating conditions at low load or high engine speed, and for multiple Misfire events. When a Misfire event takes place, a torsional vibration is excited and shows up in the instantaneous engine speed wave form. If a multiple Misfire occurs, this torsional vibration is excited more than once in a very short time interval. The interaction between these successive vibrations can generate false alarms or misdetection, and an increased complexity when dealing with cylinder isolation. This paper presents the development of a powertrain torsional behavior model in order to identify the effects of a Misfire event on the instantaneous engine speed signal. The identified wave form has then been used to filter out the torsional vibration effects in order to enlighten the missing combustions even in the case of multiple Misfire events. The model response is also used to speed up the setup process for the detection algorithm employed, thus evaluating, before running specific experimental tests on a test bench facility, the values for the threshold and the optimal setup of the procedure. The proposed algorithm is developed in this paper for an SI L4 engine; its application to other engine configurations is possible, as is also discussed in this paper.
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Development of a Torsional Behavior Powertrain Model for Multiple Misfire Detection
ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference, 2005Co-Authors: Fabrizio PontiAbstract:Many methodologies have been developed in the past for Misfire detection purposes based on the analysis of the instantaneous engine speed. The missing combustion is usually detected thanks to the sudden engine speed decrease that takes place after a Misfire event. Misfire detection and in particular cylinder isolation is anyhow still a challenging issue for engines with a high number of cylinders, for engine operating conditions at low load or high engine speed and for multiple Misfire events. When a Misfire event takes place in fact a torsional vibration is excited and shows up in the instantaneous engine speed waveform. If a multiple Misfire occurs this torsional vibration is excited more than once in a very short time interval. The interaction among these successive vibrations can generate false alarms or misdetection, and an increased complexity when dealing with cylinder isolation. The paper presents the development of a powertrain torsional behavior model in order to identify the effects of a Misfire event on the instantaneous engine speed signal. The identified waveform has then been used to filter out the torsional vibration effects in order to enlighten the missing combustions even in the case of multiple Misfire events. The model response is also used to quicken the setup process for the detection algorithm employed, evaluating before running specific experimental tests on a test bench facility, the values for the threshold and the optimal setup of the procedure. The proposed algorithm is developed in this paper for an SI L4 engine; Its application to other engine configurations is possible, as it is also discussed in the paper.© 2005 ASME
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Instantaneous Engine Speed Analysis for Cylinder Isolation in Multiple Misfire Events
Design and Control of Diesel and Natural Gas Engines for Industrial and Rail Transportation Applications, 2003Co-Authors: Fabrizio PontiAbstract:Misfire detection is a subject that has been deep studied during the last years and many methodologies have been developed for this purpose. Affordably detecting the Misfire event and isolating the cylinder where the missing combustion took place can be considered a solved problem for engines with a limited number of cylinders. Misfire detection and in particular cylinder isolation is still challenging for engine operating conditions at very low load and high engine speed, for engines with a high number of cylinders, or when more than one Misfire event is present within the same engine cycle (multiple Misfire). In particular this last malfunctioning condition is very challenging, and its detection is enforced by the international regulations without requiring cylinder isolation, but only the number of misfiring cylinders. Many methodologies have been developed in the past based on the analysis of the instantaneous engine speed. The missing combustion effect on this signal is anyway very low when the number of cylinders is high and for engine operating conditions at low engine speed, giving rise to misdetection or false alarms as already mentioned. In addition when a Misfire event takes place a torsional vibration is excited and shows up in the instantaneous engine speed waveform. If a multiple Misfire occurs this torsional vibration is excited more than once in a very short time interval. The interaction among these successive vibrations can further generate false alarms or misdetection, and an increased complexity when dealing with cylinder isolation is necessary. The approach here presented permits enhancing existing Misfire detection methods through optimized algorithm that allows correctly isolating the multiple misfiring cylinders over the entire engine operating range. This has been obtained by proper identifying the effect of the torsional vibration over the instantaneous engine speed. The identified waveform has been then used to filter out the torsional vibration effects in order to enlighten the effects of the missing combustions. In addition a proper instantaneous engine speed windowing has been introduced in order to increase the detection signal to noise ratio over the whole engine operating range. The integration of these two signal processing techniques has proven to be very effective on the engine investigated in this study, and it is easily extendible to other engine architectures. Particular care has been devoted to satisfy on-board implementation requirements in terms of memory allocation and computational power. The tests have been conducted on an L4 1.2 liter spark ignition engine mounted in a test cell. In-cylinder pressure signals have been acquired in order to validate the methodology here developed.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Matthew A. Franchek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Residual generation and statistical pattern recognition for engine Misfire diagnostics
Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2006Co-Authors: Andrew W. Osburn, Theodore M. Kostek, Matthew A. FranchekAbstract:Methods for diagnosing Misfire in internal combustion engines are presented in this paper. Crank-angle domain digital filters are used to extract features from the measured engine speed signal that are characteristic of Misfire. Features for intermittent and continuous Misfires are developed separately, since the engine speed responses for intermittent and continuous Misfires are distinctly different. Also, the influence of crankshaft torsional vibration and repeatable measurement errors must be addressed differently in each case. The outputs from the digital filters serve as inputs to a pattern recognition network based on linear parametric classifiers. Experimental results from implementation on a Ford 4.6L V-8 engine are provided.
Mattias Krysander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of Misfire detection algorithm using quantitative FDI performance analysis
Control Engineering Practice, 2015Co-Authors: Daniel Jung, Lars Eriksson, Erik Frisk, Mattias KrysanderAbstract:A model-based Misfire detection algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is able to detect Misfires and identify the failing cylinder during different conditions, such as cylinder-to-cylinder variation ...
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Flywheel angular velocity model for Misfire and driveline disturbance simulation
IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2013Co-Authors: Daniel Eriksson, Lars Eriksson, Erik Frisk, Mattias KrysanderAbstract:Abstract A flywheel angular velocity model for Misfire and disturbance simulation is presented. Applications of the model are, for example, initial parameter calibration and robustness analysis of Misfire detection algorithms. An analytical cylinder pressure model is used to model cylinder torque and a multi-body model with torsional flexibilities is used to model crankshaft and driveline oscillations. Misfires, cylinder variations, changes in auxiliary load, and flywheel manufacturing errors can be injected in the model and the resulting speed variations can be simulated. A qualitative validation of the model shows that simulated angular velocity captures the amplitude and oscillatory behavior of measurement data and the effects of different phenomena, such as Misfire and flywheel manufacturing errors.
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Flywheel angular velocity model for Misfire simulation
2013Co-Authors: Daniel Eriksson, Lars Eriksson, Erik Frisk, Mattias KrysanderAbstract:A flywheel angular velocity model for Misfire and disturbance simulation is presented. Applications of the model are, for example, initial parameter calibration or robustness analysis of Misfire de ...
