The Experts below are selected from a list of 34926 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Dongsong Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Ontology-Supported Misinformation Model: Toward a Digital Misinformation Library
IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans, 2007Co-Authors: Lina Zhou, Dongsong ZhangAbstract:The importance of research on Misinformation has received wide recognition. Two major challenges faced by this research community are the lack of theoretical models and the scarcity of Misinformation in support of such research. This paper aims to address the aforementioned challenges by conceptualizing Misinformation and enabling the interoperability of Misinformation. In particular, a representation and a model of Misinformation are proposed through surveying, synthesizing, and explicating existing work in the field. Moreover, ontology is used to represent the proposed model. The ontology-supported Misinformation model can not only guide future Misinformation research but also lay the foundation for building a digital Misinformation library by advancing our knowledge on Misinformation and by improving its sharing, management, and reuse. In addition, we present a formal methodology for managing Misinformation in a digital library, and suggest future research directions related to the Misinformation model.
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Web Intelligence - Building a Misinformation Ontology
2004Co-Authors: Lina Zhou, Dongsong ZhangAbstract:The importance of Misinformation research has received wide recognition. However, one major challenge facing the research community is the lack of Misinformation data and the difficulty in managing such data. Motivated by the role of ontology in information sharing and reuse, we propose a Misinformation ontology and its representation based on the analysis of the characteristics of Misinformation. The application of Misinformation ontology is illustrated with a case study. Finally, we discuss implications of the research result.
Wenwen Dou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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IUI - Vulnerable to Misinformation?: Verifi!
Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, 2019Co-Authors: Alireza Karduni, Isaac Cho, Ryan Wesslen, Sashank Santhanam, Svitlana Volkova, Dustin Arendt, Samira Shaikh, Wenwen DouAbstract:We present Verifi2, a visual analytic system to support the investigation of Misinformation on social media. Various models and studies have emerged from multiple disciplines to detect or understand the effects of Misinformation. However, there is still a lack of intuitive and accessible tools that help social media users distinguish Misinformation from verified news. Verifi2 uses state-of-the-art computational methods to highlight linguistic, network, and image features that can distinguish suspicious news accounts. By exploring news on a source and document level in Verifi2, users can interact with the complex dimensions that characterize Misinformation and contrast how real and suspicious news outlets differ on these dimensions. To evaluate Verifi2, we conduct interviews with experts in digital media, communications, education, and psychology who study Misinformation. Our interviews highlight the complexity of the problem of combating Misinformation and show promising potential for Verifi2 as an educational tool on Misinformation.
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Vulnerable to Misinformation? Verifi!.
arXiv: Human-Computer Interaction, 2018Co-Authors: Alireza Karduni, Isaac Cho, Ryan Wesslen, Sashank Santhanam, Svitlana Volkova, Dustin Arendt, Samira Shaikh, Wenwen DouAbstract:We present Verifi2, a visual analytic system to support the investigation of Misinformation on social media. On the one hand, social media platforms empower individuals and organizations by democratizing the sharing of information. On the other hand, even well-informed and experienced social media users are vulnerable to Misinformation. To address the issue, various models and studies have emerged from multiple disciplines to detect and understand the effects of Misinformation. However, there is still a lack of intuitive and accessible tools that help social media users distinguish Misinformation from verified news. In this paper, we present Verifi2, a visual analytic system that uses state-of-the-art computational methods to highlight salient features from text, social network, and images. By exploring news on a source level through multiple coordinated views in Verifi2, users can interact with the complex dimensions that characterize Misinformation and contrast how real and suspicious news outlets differ on these dimensions. To evaluate Verifi2, we conduct interviews with experts in digital media, journalism, education, psychology, and computing who study Misinformation. Our interviews show promising potential for Verifi2 to serve as an educational tool on Misinformation. Furthermore, our interview results highlight the complexity of the problem of combating Misinformation and call for more work from the visualization community.
Craig Standing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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What is information? Toward a theory of information as objective and veridical
Journal of Information Technology, 2018Co-Authors: John Mingers, Craig StandingAbstract:Information systems are a strong and ever-growing discipline of enormous relevance to today’s informated world, and yet, as recent reviews have shown, there is still not an agreed and explicit conceptualization or definition of information. After an evaluative review of a range of theories of information, this paper develops and defends a particular theory, one that sees information as both objective and veridical. By objective, we mean that the information carried by signs and messages exists independently of its receivers or observers. The information carried by a sign exists even if the sign is not actually observed. By veridical, we mean that information must be true or correct in order to be information – information is truth-constituted. False information is not information, but Misinformation or disinformation. The paper develops this theory and then discusses four contentious issues – information as objective rather than subjective; information as true or correct; information and knowledge; and information and the ambiguity of meaning. It concludes with a discussion of the practical implications of the theory.
Emily K Vraga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in related news that was wrong the correction of Misinformation through related stories functionality in social media
Journal of Communication, 2015Co-Authors: Leticia Bode, Emily K VragaAbstract:Research on social media and research on correcting Misinformation are both growing areas in communication, but for the most part they have not found common ground. This study seeks to bridge these two areas, considering the role that social media may play in correcting Misinformation. To do so, we test a new function of Facebook, which provides related links when people click on a link within Facebook. We show users a post containing Misinformation, and then manipulate the related stories to either confirm, correct, or both confirm and correct the Misinformation. Findings suggest that when related stories correct a post that includes Misinformation, misperceptions are significantly reduced
Elizabeth F Loftus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pandemics and infodemics: Research on the effects of Misinformation on memory.
Human behavior and emerging technologies, 2020Co-Authors: Rachel Leigh Greenspan, Elizabeth F LoftusAbstract:On social media and in everyday life, people are often exposed to Misinformation. Decades of research have shown that exposure to Misinformation can have significant impacts on people's thoughts, actions, and memories. During global pandemics like COVID-19, people are likely exposed to heightened quantities of Misinformation as they search for and are exposed to copious amounts of information about the disease and its effects. This media environment, with an abundance of both accurate and inaccurate information, is often called an "infodemic." In the current essay, we discuss the consequences of exposure to Misinformation during this infodemic, particularly in the domain of memory. We review existing research demonstrating how inaccurate, postevent information impacts a person's memory for a previously witnessed event. We discuss various factors that strengthen the impact of Misinformation, including repetition and whether the Misinformation is consistent with people's pre-existing attitudes or beliefs. We conclude by describing how social media companies and individual users can help prevent the spread of Misinformation and the ways in which cognitive science research can inform these approaches.
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Misinformation in the Courtroom
Oxford Scholarship Online, 2017Co-Authors: Shari R. Berkowitz, Elizabeth F LoftusAbstract:For many decades eyewitness-memory researchers have testified as expert witnesses in legal cases. Although eyewitness-memory experts may testify to the myriad factors that can influence and distort an eyewitness’s memory, one crucial factor that can contaminate an eyewitness’s memory is Misinformation. This chapter provides a review of the scientific research on Misinformation and highlights the sources of Misinformation that eyewitness-memory experts sometimes come across in criminal investigations and trials. The chapter concludes with recommendations for legal professionals who may encounter or need to uncover Misinformation in the context of a legal case.
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The relationship between DRM and Misinformation false memories.
Memory & cognition, 2013Co-Authors: Bi Zhu, Elizabeth F Loftus, Chuansheng Chen, Chongde Lin, Qi DongAbstract:This research investigated the relationship between false memories induced by two different paradigms (Misinformation and Deese-Roediger-McDermott [DRM]). The Misinformation effect refers to the phenomenon that a person's recollection of a witnessed event can be altered after exposure to misleading information about the event. DRM false memory represents the intrusion of words that are semantically related but not actually presented in the study session. Subjects (N = 432) completed both Misinformation and DRM false memory tests. Results showed a small but significant correlation (r = .12, p = .02) between the Misinformation and DRM false memories. Furthermore, using signal detection theory, we found that the discrimination ability index (d') was related to both the Misinformation and DRM false memories (r = -.12 and -.13, p = .01), while the response bias was related only to DRM false memory (r = -.46, p < .001). These results suggest that Misinformation and DRM false memories generally involve different mechanisms and that their shared mechanism may involve the global discrimination ability.
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planting Misinformation in the human mind a 30 year investigation of the malleability of memory
Learning & Memory, 2005Co-Authors: Elizabeth F LoftusAbstract:The Misinformation effect refers to the impairment in memory for the past that arises after exposure to misleading information. The phenomenon has been investigated for at least 30 years, as investigators have addressed a number of issues. These include the conditions under which people are especially susceptible to the negative impact of Misinformation, and conversely when are they resistant. Warnings about the potential for Misinformation sometimes work to inhibit its damaging effects, but only under limited circumstances. The Misinformation effect has been observed in a variety of human and nonhuman species. And some groups of individuals are more susceptible than others. At a more theoretical level, investigators have explored the fate of the original memory traces after exposure to Misinformation appears to have made them inaccessible. This review of the field ends with a brief discussion of the newer work involving Misinformation that has explored the processes by which people come to believe falsely that they experienced rich complex events that never, in fact, occurred.
