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J Dijkstra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of supplemental concentRate during the dry period or early lactation on rumen epithelium gene and protein expression in dairy cattle during the transition period
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: K Dieho, J Van Baal, L Kruijt, A Bannink, J T Schonewille, David Carreno, W H Hendriks, J Dijkstra
    Abstract:

    We previously reported 2 experiments with rumen-cannulated Holstein-Friesian dairy cows showing that during the transition period, rumen papillae surface area, and fractional absorption Rate of volatile fatty acids (VFA) increase after calving. However, supplemental concentRate during the dry period and Rate of increase of concentRate allowance during lactation affected papillae surface area, but not VFA absorption. Here we report the changes in gene and protein expression in rumen papillae related to tissue growth and VFA utilization. The lactation experiment treatment consisted of a rapid [RAP; 1.0 kg of dry matter (DM)/d; n = 6] or gradual (GRAD; 0.25 kg of DM/d; n = 6) increase of concentRate allowance (up to 10.9 kg of DM/d), starting at 4 d postpartum (pp). The dry period experiment treatment consisted of 3.0 kg of DM/d of concentRate (n = 4) or no concentRate (n = 5) during the last 28 d of the dry period. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of rumen papillae showed that the expression of apoptosis-related genes was neither affected by day nor its interaction with treatment for both experiments. Expression of epithelial transporter genes was not affected by day or treatment in the lactation experiment, except for NBC1. In the dry period experiment, expression of MCT1, NBC1, DRA, NHE2, NHE3, and UT-B generally decreased after calving. A day and treatment interaction was observed for ATP1A1 in the dry period experiment, with greater expression at 18 and 8 d antepartum for concentRate than no concentRate. Generally, expression of VFA metabolism-related genes was not affected by day or its interaction with treatment. In the lactation experiment, immunoblotting of 5 selected genes showed that protein expression of DRA and PCCA was greater at 16 d pp compared with 3 and 44 d pp. Expression of NHE2 was greater, and that of ATP1A1 lower, at 16 and 44 d pp compared with 3 d pp, suggesting alterations in intracellular pH regulation and sodium homeostasis. Both MCT1 and PCCA protein were upregulated by RAP from 3 to 16 d pp, indicating modulations in VFA metabolism. Our data suggests that VFA absorption and metabolic capacity changed little per unit of surface area during the transition period, and suggests that a change in Mitosis Rate rather than apoptosis Rate is associated with the increased ruminal VFA production, resulting in tissue growth. A significant but weak correlation between the examined gene and protein expression levels was observed only for PCCA, indicating that care must be taken when interpreting results obtained at either level.

W H Hendriks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of supplemental concentRate during the dry period or early lactation on rumen epithelium gene and protein expression in dairy cattle during the transition period
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: K Dieho, J Van Baal, L Kruijt, A Bannink, J T Schonewille, David Carreno, W H Hendriks, J Dijkstra
    Abstract:

    We previously reported 2 experiments with rumen-cannulated Holstein-Friesian dairy cows showing that during the transition period, rumen papillae surface area, and fractional absorption Rate of volatile fatty acids (VFA) increase after calving. However, supplemental concentRate during the dry period and Rate of increase of concentRate allowance during lactation affected papillae surface area, but not VFA absorption. Here we report the changes in gene and protein expression in rumen papillae related to tissue growth and VFA utilization. The lactation experiment treatment consisted of a rapid [RAP; 1.0 kg of dry matter (DM)/d; n = 6] or gradual (GRAD; 0.25 kg of DM/d; n = 6) increase of concentRate allowance (up to 10.9 kg of DM/d), starting at 4 d postpartum (pp). The dry period experiment treatment consisted of 3.0 kg of DM/d of concentRate (n = 4) or no concentRate (n = 5) during the last 28 d of the dry period. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of rumen papillae showed that the expression of apoptosis-related genes was neither affected by day nor its interaction with treatment for both experiments. Expression of epithelial transporter genes was not affected by day or treatment in the lactation experiment, except for NBC1. In the dry period experiment, expression of MCT1, NBC1, DRA, NHE2, NHE3, and UT-B generally decreased after calving. A day and treatment interaction was observed for ATP1A1 in the dry period experiment, with greater expression at 18 and 8 d antepartum for concentRate than no concentRate. Generally, expression of VFA metabolism-related genes was not affected by day or its interaction with treatment. In the lactation experiment, immunoblotting of 5 selected genes showed that protein expression of DRA and PCCA was greater at 16 d pp compared with 3 and 44 d pp. Expression of NHE2 was greater, and that of ATP1A1 lower, at 16 and 44 d pp compared with 3 d pp, suggesting alterations in intracellular pH regulation and sodium homeostasis. Both MCT1 and PCCA protein were upregulated by RAP from 3 to 16 d pp, indicating modulations in VFA metabolism. Our data suggests that VFA absorption and metabolic capacity changed little per unit of surface area during the transition period, and suggests that a change in Mitosis Rate rather than apoptosis Rate is associated with the increased ruminal VFA production, resulting in tissue growth. A significant but weak correlation between the examined gene and protein expression levels was observed only for PCCA, indicating that care must be taken when interpreting results obtained at either level.

Hai-liang Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Identification of novel 1-indolyl acetate-5-nitroimidazole derivatives of combretastatin A-4 as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors
    Biochemical pharmacology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Yong-fang Yao, Zhong-chang Wang, Xin-yi Liang, Yongtao Duan, Hai-liang Zhu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Microtubules are essential for the mitotic division of cells and have become an attractive target for anti-tumour drugs due to the increased incidence of cancer and significant Mitosis Rate of tumour cells. In this study, a total of six indole 1-position modified 1-indolyl acetate-5-nitroimidazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization caused by binding to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. Among them, compound 3 displayed the best ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization; it also exhibited better anti-proliferative activities than colchicine against a panel of human cancer cells (with IC 50 values ranging from 15 to 40 nM), especially HeLa cells (with IC 50 values of 15 nM), based on the cellular cytotoxicity assay results. Moreover, cellular mechanism studies indicated that compound 3 could induce G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis of HeLa and MCF-7 cells, which were associated with alterations in the expression of cell cycle-checkpoint related proteins (Cyclin B1, Cdc2, and P21) and a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as alterations in the levels of apoptosis-related proteins (PARP, Caspase 9, Bcl-2, and Bax) of these cells, respectively. Importantly, in vivo studies further revealed that compound 3 could dramatically suppress HeLa cell xenograft tumour growth compared with vehicle and CA-4 phosphate (CA-4P), and no signs of toxicity were observed in these mice. Collectively, these in vitro and in vivo results indicated that compound 3 might be a promising lead compound for further development as a potential anti-cancer drug.

K Dieho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of supplemental concentRate during the dry period or early lactation on rumen epithelium gene and protein expression in dairy cattle during the transition period
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: K Dieho, J Van Baal, L Kruijt, A Bannink, J T Schonewille, David Carreno, W H Hendriks, J Dijkstra
    Abstract:

    We previously reported 2 experiments with rumen-cannulated Holstein-Friesian dairy cows showing that during the transition period, rumen papillae surface area, and fractional absorption Rate of volatile fatty acids (VFA) increase after calving. However, supplemental concentRate during the dry period and Rate of increase of concentRate allowance during lactation affected papillae surface area, but not VFA absorption. Here we report the changes in gene and protein expression in rumen papillae related to tissue growth and VFA utilization. The lactation experiment treatment consisted of a rapid [RAP; 1.0 kg of dry matter (DM)/d; n = 6] or gradual (GRAD; 0.25 kg of DM/d; n = 6) increase of concentRate allowance (up to 10.9 kg of DM/d), starting at 4 d postpartum (pp). The dry period experiment treatment consisted of 3.0 kg of DM/d of concentRate (n = 4) or no concentRate (n = 5) during the last 28 d of the dry period. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of rumen papillae showed that the expression of apoptosis-related genes was neither affected by day nor its interaction with treatment for both experiments. Expression of epithelial transporter genes was not affected by day or treatment in the lactation experiment, except for NBC1. In the dry period experiment, expression of MCT1, NBC1, DRA, NHE2, NHE3, and UT-B generally decreased after calving. A day and treatment interaction was observed for ATP1A1 in the dry period experiment, with greater expression at 18 and 8 d antepartum for concentRate than no concentRate. Generally, expression of VFA metabolism-related genes was not affected by day or its interaction with treatment. In the lactation experiment, immunoblotting of 5 selected genes showed that protein expression of DRA and PCCA was greater at 16 d pp compared with 3 and 44 d pp. Expression of NHE2 was greater, and that of ATP1A1 lower, at 16 and 44 d pp compared with 3 d pp, suggesting alterations in intracellular pH regulation and sodium homeostasis. Both MCT1 and PCCA protein were upregulated by RAP from 3 to 16 d pp, indicating modulations in VFA metabolism. Our data suggests that VFA absorption and metabolic capacity changed little per unit of surface area during the transition period, and suggests that a change in Mitosis Rate rather than apoptosis Rate is associated with the increased ruminal VFA production, resulting in tissue growth. A significant but weak correlation between the examined gene and protein expression levels was observed only for PCCA, indicating that care must be taken when interpreting results obtained at either level.

Yong-fang Yao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Identification of novel 1-indolyl acetate-5-nitroimidazole derivatives of combretastatin A-4 as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors
    Biochemical pharmacology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Yong-fang Yao, Zhong-chang Wang, Xin-yi Liang, Yongtao Duan, Hai-liang Zhu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Microtubules are essential for the mitotic division of cells and have become an attractive target for anti-tumour drugs due to the increased incidence of cancer and significant Mitosis Rate of tumour cells. In this study, a total of six indole 1-position modified 1-indolyl acetate-5-nitroimidazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization caused by binding to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. Among them, compound 3 displayed the best ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization; it also exhibited better anti-proliferative activities than colchicine against a panel of human cancer cells (with IC 50 values ranging from 15 to 40 nM), especially HeLa cells (with IC 50 values of 15 nM), based on the cellular cytotoxicity assay results. Moreover, cellular mechanism studies indicated that compound 3 could induce G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis of HeLa and MCF-7 cells, which were associated with alterations in the expression of cell cycle-checkpoint related proteins (Cyclin B1, Cdc2, and P21) and a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as alterations in the levels of apoptosis-related proteins (PARP, Caspase 9, Bcl-2, and Bax) of these cells, respectively. Importantly, in vivo studies further revealed that compound 3 could dramatically suppress HeLa cell xenograft tumour growth compared with vehicle and CA-4 phosphate (CA-4P), and no signs of toxicity were observed in these mice. Collectively, these in vitro and in vivo results indicated that compound 3 might be a promising lead compound for further development as a potential anti-cancer drug.