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Seeber Julia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Alpine soil macro-invertebrate communities from soil and litter samples from European larch and Swiss pine Forests in the LTSER area “Val Mazia/Matschertal”, South Tyrol
PANGAEA, 2020Co-Authors: Schneider Eva, Steinwandter Michael, Seeber JuliaAbstract:Here we present abundance data (i.e. individuals per square metre) of soil macro-invertebrates from Alpine European larch and Swiss pine Forests, as well as Mixed Forests. The Forests are located in the LTSER area "Val Mazia/Matschertal" in the Vinschgau Valley, South Tyrol, Italy. Each three replicates from each forest type (larch, pine, and Mixed) were sampled in late summer 2017. The animals were sampled with soil cores; the samples were split into soil and litter layer. Representatives of the mesofauna (i.e. Acari and Collembola) were excluded from the analyses
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Alpine soil macro-invertebrate communities from pitfall traps from European larch and Swiss pine Forests in the LTSER area “Val Mazia/Matschertal”, South Tyrol
PANGAEA, 2020Co-Authors: Schneider Eva, Steinwandter Michael, Seeber JuliaAbstract:Here we present abundance data (i.e. individuals per sampling day) of surface-living macro-invertebrates from Alpine European larch and Swiss pine Forests, as well as Mixed Forests. The Forests are located in the LTSER area "Val Mazia/Matschertal" in the Vinschgau Valley, South Tyrol, Italy. Each three replicates from each forest type (larch, pine, and Mixed) were sampled in late summer 2017. The animals were sampled with pit fall traps. Hymenoptera, adult Lepidoptera and Diptera, and representatives of the mesofauna (i.e. Acari and Collembola) were excluded from the analyses
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Raw data from: A comparison of Alpine soil macro-invertebrate communities from European larch and Swiss pine Forests in the LTSER area “Val Mazia/Matschertal”, South Tyrol
PANGAEA, 2020Co-Authors: Schneider Eva, Steinwandter Michael, Seeber JuliaAbstract:In the Central Alps the treeline is formed by the European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and the Swiss pine (Pinus cembra L.), shaping the alpine plant community Larici-Cembretum. Currently, alpine pastures, which are increasingly abandoned in the European Alps, are colonised, after a phase of shrub encroachment, by the European larch, while a Swiss pine forest will establish once the undergrowth becomes too dense for larch trees. Former studies on tree growth rates indicate that the European larch will react positively to increasing temperatures at the treeline and will grow faster in the future. The Swiss pine has in general slower growth rates and will likely be less affected by higher temperatures. Thus, there might be a change from Swiss pine to European larch Forests. This change in the dominating tree species might have profound impacts on the soil macro-invertebrate community, particularly due to differing chemical and physical compositions of larch and pine needle litter. To investigate potential effects of this change, we took soil core and litter samples and further installed pitfall traps in pure European larch and Swiss pine Forests, as well as in Mixed Forests. We found no explicit differences in species composition between Forests, presumably due to highly variable site and environmental parameters between and within forest types. The larch Forests showed the highest number of taxa in general and the highest number of taxa found exclusively in this habitat. The pine Forests were inhabited by the highest number of characteristic taxa while Mixed Forests harboured the most stable and consistent soil macro-invertebrate community
Christoph Leuschner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Climate Warming-Related Growth Decline Affects Fagus sylvatica, But Not Other Broad-Leaved Tree Species in Central European Mixed Forests
Ecosystems, 2015Co-Authors: Jorma Zimmermann, Markus Hauck, Choimaa Dulamsuren, Christoph LeuschnerAbstract:Climate warming is predicted to extend the duration and enhance the severity of summer droughts in Central Europe, which may pose a serious risk to forest productivity and forest health. Fagus sylvatica (European beech), the most abundant tree species of Central Europe’s natural forest vegetation and one of the key species in forestry, is thought to be particularly vulnerable to drought. Here, we present a dendrochronological analysis in three Mixed temperate broad-leaved Forests along a precipitation gradient with the aim of comparing the climatic response of radial growth of F. sylvatica with the performance of four co-existing species ( Acer pseudoplatanus , A. platanoides , Quercus petraea , Fraxinus excelsior ). We hypothesized that Fagus is the most drought sensitive of the five species, which implies that it could lose its competitive advantage at drier sites in the course of climate warming. In support of this hypothesis, we found that F. sylvatica in all stands exhibited an increase in the number of negative pointer years and a decrease in radial increment in the driest stand since about 1980, in parallel to increasing summer temperatures and drought intensity. Such a response was missing in the other four species and may point to shifts in the competitive hierarchy in these Mixed Forests under a future warmer climate. We conclude that Central Europe’s forestry sector should consider carefully the risk of failure of beech in regions with relatively low and decreasing summer precipitation.
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canopy transpiration of pure and Mixed forest stands with variable abundance of european beech
Journal of Hydrology, 2012Co-Authors: Tobias Gebauer, Viviana Horna, Christoph LeuschnerAbstract:Summary The importance of tree species identity and diversity for biogeochemical cycles in Forests is not well understood. In the past, forestry has widely converted Mixed Forests to pure stands while contemporary forest policy often prefers Mixed stands again. However, the hydrological consequences of these changes remain unclear. We tested the hypotheses (i) that significant differences in water use per ground area exist among the tree species of temperate Mixed Forests and that these differences are more relevant for the amount of stand-level canopy transpiration ( E c ) than putative complementarity effects of tree water use, and (ii) that the seasonal patterns of E c in Mixed stands are significantly influenced by the identity of the present tree species. We measured xylem sap flux during 2005 (average precipitation) and 2006 (relatively dry) synchronously in three nearby old-growth forest stands on similar soil differing in the abundance of European beech (pure beech stand, 3-species stand with 70% beech, 5-species stand with E c was 50% higher in the beech-poor 5-species stand than in the two stands with moderate to high beech presence (158 vs. 97 and 101 mm yr −1 ); in the dry summer 2006, all stands converged toward similar E c totals (128–139 mm yr −1 ). Species differences in E c were large on a sapwood area basis, reflecting a considerable variation in hydraulic architecture and leaf conductance regulation among the co-existing species. Moreover, transpiration per crown projection area ( E CA ) also differed up to 5-fold among the different species in the Mixed stands, probably reflecting contrasting sapwood/crown area ratios. We conclude that E c is not principally higher in Mixed Forests than in pure beech stands. However, tree species-specific traits have an important influence on the height of E c and affect its seasonal variation. Species with a relatively high E CA (notably Tilia ) may exhaust soil water reserves early in summer, thereby increasing drought stress in dry years and possibly reducing ecosystem stability in Mixed Forests.
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crown plasticity in Mixed Forests quantifying asymmetry as a measure of competition using terrestrial laser scanning
Forest Ecology and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Dominik Seidel, Christoph Leuschner, Annika Muller, Benjamin KrauseAbstract:Abstract Interspecific competition is a key process determining the dynamics of Mixed forest stands and influencing the yield of multispecies tree plantations. Trees can respond to competitive pressure from neighbors by crown plasticity, thereby avoiding competition. We employed a high-resolution ground-based laser scanner to analyze the 3-dimensional extensions and shape of the tree crowns in a near-natural broad-leaved Mixed forest in order to quantify the direction and degree of crown asymmetry of 15 trees (Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, Carpinus betulus) in detail. We also scanned the direct neighbors and analyzed the distance of their crown centres and the crown shape with the aim to predict the crown asymmetry of the focal tree from competition-relevant attributes of its neighbors. It was found that the combination of two parameters, one summarizing the size of the neighbor (DBH) and one describing the distance to the neighbor tree (HD), was most suitable for characterizing the strength of the competitive interaction exerted on a target tree by a given neighbor. By summing up the virtual competitive pressure of all neighbors in a single competitive pressure vector, we were able to predict the direction of crown asymmetry of the focal tree with an accuracy of 96° on the full circle (360°). The competitive pressure model was equally applicable to beech, ash and hornbeam trees and may generate valuable insight into competitive interactions among tree crowns in Mixed stands, provided that sufficiently precise data on the shape and position of the tree crowns is available. Multiple-aspect laser-scanning proved to be an accurate and practicable approach for analyzing the complex 3-dimensional shape of the tree crowns, needed to quantify the plasticity of growth processes in the canopy. We conclude that the laser-based analysis of crown plasticity offers the opportunity to achieve a better understanding of the dynamics of canopy space exploration and also may produce valuable advice for the silvicultural management of Mixed stands.
Schneider Eva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Alpine soil macro-invertebrate communities from soil and litter samples from European larch and Swiss pine Forests in the LTSER area “Val Mazia/Matschertal”, South Tyrol
PANGAEA, 2020Co-Authors: Schneider Eva, Steinwandter Michael, Seeber JuliaAbstract:Here we present abundance data (i.e. individuals per square metre) of soil macro-invertebrates from Alpine European larch and Swiss pine Forests, as well as Mixed Forests. The Forests are located in the LTSER area "Val Mazia/Matschertal" in the Vinschgau Valley, South Tyrol, Italy. Each three replicates from each forest type (larch, pine, and Mixed) were sampled in late summer 2017. The animals were sampled with soil cores; the samples were split into soil and litter layer. Representatives of the mesofauna (i.e. Acari and Collembola) were excluded from the analyses
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Alpine soil macro-invertebrate communities from pitfall traps from European larch and Swiss pine Forests in the LTSER area “Val Mazia/Matschertal”, South Tyrol
PANGAEA, 2020Co-Authors: Schneider Eva, Steinwandter Michael, Seeber JuliaAbstract:Here we present abundance data (i.e. individuals per sampling day) of surface-living macro-invertebrates from Alpine European larch and Swiss pine Forests, as well as Mixed Forests. The Forests are located in the LTSER area "Val Mazia/Matschertal" in the Vinschgau Valley, South Tyrol, Italy. Each three replicates from each forest type (larch, pine, and Mixed) were sampled in late summer 2017. The animals were sampled with pit fall traps. Hymenoptera, adult Lepidoptera and Diptera, and representatives of the mesofauna (i.e. Acari and Collembola) were excluded from the analyses
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Raw data from: A comparison of Alpine soil macro-invertebrate communities from European larch and Swiss pine Forests in the LTSER area “Val Mazia/Matschertal”, South Tyrol
PANGAEA, 2020Co-Authors: Schneider Eva, Steinwandter Michael, Seeber JuliaAbstract:In the Central Alps the treeline is formed by the European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and the Swiss pine (Pinus cembra L.), shaping the alpine plant community Larici-Cembretum. Currently, alpine pastures, which are increasingly abandoned in the European Alps, are colonised, after a phase of shrub encroachment, by the European larch, while a Swiss pine forest will establish once the undergrowth becomes too dense for larch trees. Former studies on tree growth rates indicate that the European larch will react positively to increasing temperatures at the treeline and will grow faster in the future. The Swiss pine has in general slower growth rates and will likely be less affected by higher temperatures. Thus, there might be a change from Swiss pine to European larch Forests. This change in the dominating tree species might have profound impacts on the soil macro-invertebrate community, particularly due to differing chemical and physical compositions of larch and pine needle litter. To investigate potential effects of this change, we took soil core and litter samples and further installed pitfall traps in pure European larch and Swiss pine Forests, as well as in Mixed Forests. We found no explicit differences in species composition between Forests, presumably due to highly variable site and environmental parameters between and within forest types. The larch Forests showed the highest number of taxa in general and the highest number of taxa found exclusively in this habitat. The pine Forests were inhabited by the highest number of characteristic taxa while Mixed Forests harboured the most stable and consistent soil macro-invertebrate community
Steinwandter Michael - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Alpine soil macro-invertebrate communities from soil and litter samples from European larch and Swiss pine Forests in the LTSER area “Val Mazia/Matschertal”, South Tyrol
PANGAEA, 2020Co-Authors: Schneider Eva, Steinwandter Michael, Seeber JuliaAbstract:Here we present abundance data (i.e. individuals per square metre) of soil macro-invertebrates from Alpine European larch and Swiss pine Forests, as well as Mixed Forests. The Forests are located in the LTSER area "Val Mazia/Matschertal" in the Vinschgau Valley, South Tyrol, Italy. Each three replicates from each forest type (larch, pine, and Mixed) were sampled in late summer 2017. The animals were sampled with soil cores; the samples were split into soil and litter layer. Representatives of the mesofauna (i.e. Acari and Collembola) were excluded from the analyses
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Alpine soil macro-invertebrate communities from pitfall traps from European larch and Swiss pine Forests in the LTSER area “Val Mazia/Matschertal”, South Tyrol
PANGAEA, 2020Co-Authors: Schneider Eva, Steinwandter Michael, Seeber JuliaAbstract:Here we present abundance data (i.e. individuals per sampling day) of surface-living macro-invertebrates from Alpine European larch and Swiss pine Forests, as well as Mixed Forests. The Forests are located in the LTSER area "Val Mazia/Matschertal" in the Vinschgau Valley, South Tyrol, Italy. Each three replicates from each forest type (larch, pine, and Mixed) were sampled in late summer 2017. The animals were sampled with pit fall traps. Hymenoptera, adult Lepidoptera and Diptera, and representatives of the mesofauna (i.e. Acari and Collembola) were excluded from the analyses
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Raw data from: A comparison of Alpine soil macro-invertebrate communities from European larch and Swiss pine Forests in the LTSER area “Val Mazia/Matschertal”, South Tyrol
PANGAEA, 2020Co-Authors: Schneider Eva, Steinwandter Michael, Seeber JuliaAbstract:In the Central Alps the treeline is formed by the European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and the Swiss pine (Pinus cembra L.), shaping the alpine plant community Larici-Cembretum. Currently, alpine pastures, which are increasingly abandoned in the European Alps, are colonised, after a phase of shrub encroachment, by the European larch, while a Swiss pine forest will establish once the undergrowth becomes too dense for larch trees. Former studies on tree growth rates indicate that the European larch will react positively to increasing temperatures at the treeline and will grow faster in the future. The Swiss pine has in general slower growth rates and will likely be less affected by higher temperatures. Thus, there might be a change from Swiss pine to European larch Forests. This change in the dominating tree species might have profound impacts on the soil macro-invertebrate community, particularly due to differing chemical and physical compositions of larch and pine needle litter. To investigate potential effects of this change, we took soil core and litter samples and further installed pitfall traps in pure European larch and Swiss pine Forests, as well as in Mixed Forests. We found no explicit differences in species composition between Forests, presumably due to highly variable site and environmental parameters between and within forest types. The larch Forests showed the highest number of taxa in general and the highest number of taxa found exclusively in this habitat. The pine Forests were inhabited by the highest number of characteristic taxa while Mixed Forests harboured the most stable and consistent soil macro-invertebrate community
Olga Orman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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european beech silver fir and norway spruce differ in establishment height growth and mortality rates on coarse woody debris and forest floor a study from a Mixed beech forest in the western carpathians
Annals of Forest Science, 2015Co-Authors: Olga Orman, Janusz SzewczykAbstract:& Key message In Mixed Forests, coarse woody debris promotes the successful establishment and growth of conifers and beech. In contrast to beech and fir, older spruce seedlings were only present on coarse woody debris and not on the forest floor. & Context Coarse woody debris (CWD) is considered a suitable seedbed for small-seeded and light-demanding species. Its role in enhancing tree regeneration is well reported in borealorsubalpinespruceForests.Lessisknown about itsrole in the establishment, growth, and survival of other species, particularly in Mixed Forests. & Aims We analyzed the role of CWD in seedling establishment, growth, and survival for European beech, silver fir, and Norway spruce. & Methods We tracked the growth and survival of all germinants and seedlings over 5 years. & Results Coniferswererelativelymoresuccessfulthanbeech at colonizing on CWD. The density of seedlings was variable in all CWD decay classes but was the highest on welldecomposedCWD.CWD supported the growthofall species. Beech cohorts and older seedlings had similar mortality rates on both microsites. Spruce germinants did not survive on the forestfloorformorethanayear,andolderseedlingswereonly observed on CWD. Fir cohorts had similar mortality rates on both microsites, but older seedlings survived better on the forest floor. & Conclusion Although the three species differed in their
