The Experts below are selected from a list of 207 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrew Gigiel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of a novel multi-capillary, multi-temperature commercial refrigerator cabinet with common low-pressure receiver
International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid, 2008Co-Authors: Judith Evans, Edward Hammond, Andrew GigielAbstract:A multi-temperature 4 drawer catering cabinet was designed to operate using a low-pressure receiver with capillary expansion to the separate evaporator in each drawer. Low-pressure receivers have been shown to be an effective way of allowing evaporators to operate in a fully flooded mode thus enabling more efficient use of the evaporator surface for heat transfer. If a low-pressure receiver is used in a refrigeration circuit the control of refrigerant flow into the evaporator is less critical as the expansion device is not responsible for preventing liquid returning to the compressor. Therefore, a capillary expansion device can be used effectively over a range of operating pressures. The system was shown to be effective at maintaining temperatures in the Storage drawers during chilled, frozen and Mixed Storage temperature tests carried out to the EN441 test standard. The cabinet operated successfully at all conditions except when the heat load in each drawer was excessive (>400 W above base level heat load). In this case, refrigerant was found to back up in the condenser and the low-pressure receiver was empty of liquid refrigerant. A solution to this would be to allow controlled flow of refrigerant from the condenser to the low-pressure receiver at high condensing pressures.
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Development of a novel multi-capillary, multi-temperature commercial refrigerator cabinet with common low-pressure receiver
International Journal of Refrigeration, 2008Co-Authors: Judith Evans, Edward Hammond, Andrew GigielAbstract:A multi-temperature 4 drawer catering cabinet was designed to operate using a low-pressure receiver with capillary expansion to the separate evaporator in each drawer. Low-pressure receivers have been shown to be an effective way of allowing evaporators to operate in a fully flooded mode thus enabling more efficient use of the evaporator surface for heat transfer. If a low-pressure receiver is used in a refrigeration circuit the control of refrigerant flow into the evaporator is less critical as the expansion device is not responsible for preventing liquid returning to the compressor. Therefore, a capillary expansion device can be used effectively over a range of operating pressures. The system was shown to be effective at maintaining temperatures in the Storage drawers during chilled, frozen and Mixed Storage temperature tests carried out to the EN441 test standard. The cabinet operated successfully at all conditions except when the heat load in each drawer was excessive (>400 W above base level heat load). In this case, refrigerant was found to back up in the condenser and the low-pressure receiver was empty of liquid refrigerant. A solution to this would be to allow controlled flow of refrigerant from the condenser to the low-pressure receiver at high condensing pressures. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd and IIR.
Judith Evans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of a novel multi-capillary, multi-temperature commercial refrigerator cabinet with common low-pressure receiver
International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid, 2008Co-Authors: Judith Evans, Edward Hammond, Andrew GigielAbstract:A multi-temperature 4 drawer catering cabinet was designed to operate using a low-pressure receiver with capillary expansion to the separate evaporator in each drawer. Low-pressure receivers have been shown to be an effective way of allowing evaporators to operate in a fully flooded mode thus enabling more efficient use of the evaporator surface for heat transfer. If a low-pressure receiver is used in a refrigeration circuit the control of refrigerant flow into the evaporator is less critical as the expansion device is not responsible for preventing liquid returning to the compressor. Therefore, a capillary expansion device can be used effectively over a range of operating pressures. The system was shown to be effective at maintaining temperatures in the Storage drawers during chilled, frozen and Mixed Storage temperature tests carried out to the EN441 test standard. The cabinet operated successfully at all conditions except when the heat load in each drawer was excessive (>400 W above base level heat load). In this case, refrigerant was found to back up in the condenser and the low-pressure receiver was empty of liquid refrigerant. A solution to this would be to allow controlled flow of refrigerant from the condenser to the low-pressure receiver at high condensing pressures.
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Development of a novel multi-capillary, multi-temperature commercial refrigerator cabinet with common low-pressure receiver
International Journal of Refrigeration, 2008Co-Authors: Judith Evans, Edward Hammond, Andrew GigielAbstract:A multi-temperature 4 drawer catering cabinet was designed to operate using a low-pressure receiver with capillary expansion to the separate evaporator in each drawer. Low-pressure receivers have been shown to be an effective way of allowing evaporators to operate in a fully flooded mode thus enabling more efficient use of the evaporator surface for heat transfer. If a low-pressure receiver is used in a refrigeration circuit the control of refrigerant flow into the evaporator is less critical as the expansion device is not responsible for preventing liquid returning to the compressor. Therefore, a capillary expansion device can be used effectively over a range of operating pressures. The system was shown to be effective at maintaining temperatures in the Storage drawers during chilled, frozen and Mixed Storage temperature tests carried out to the EN441 test standard. The cabinet operated successfully at all conditions except when the heat load in each drawer was excessive (>400 W above base level heat load). In this case, refrigerant was found to back up in the condenser and the low-pressure receiver was empty of liquid refrigerant. A solution to this would be to allow controlled flow of refrigerant from the condenser to the low-pressure receiver at high condensing pressures. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd and IIR.
Edward Hammond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of a novel multi-capillary, multi-temperature commercial refrigerator cabinet with common low-pressure receiver
International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid, 2008Co-Authors: Judith Evans, Edward Hammond, Andrew GigielAbstract:A multi-temperature 4 drawer catering cabinet was designed to operate using a low-pressure receiver with capillary expansion to the separate evaporator in each drawer. Low-pressure receivers have been shown to be an effective way of allowing evaporators to operate in a fully flooded mode thus enabling more efficient use of the evaporator surface for heat transfer. If a low-pressure receiver is used in a refrigeration circuit the control of refrigerant flow into the evaporator is less critical as the expansion device is not responsible for preventing liquid returning to the compressor. Therefore, a capillary expansion device can be used effectively over a range of operating pressures. The system was shown to be effective at maintaining temperatures in the Storage drawers during chilled, frozen and Mixed Storage temperature tests carried out to the EN441 test standard. The cabinet operated successfully at all conditions except when the heat load in each drawer was excessive (>400 W above base level heat load). In this case, refrigerant was found to back up in the condenser and the low-pressure receiver was empty of liquid refrigerant. A solution to this would be to allow controlled flow of refrigerant from the condenser to the low-pressure receiver at high condensing pressures.
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Development of a novel multi-capillary, multi-temperature commercial refrigerator cabinet with common low-pressure receiver
International Journal of Refrigeration, 2008Co-Authors: Judith Evans, Edward Hammond, Andrew GigielAbstract:A multi-temperature 4 drawer catering cabinet was designed to operate using a low-pressure receiver with capillary expansion to the separate evaporator in each drawer. Low-pressure receivers have been shown to be an effective way of allowing evaporators to operate in a fully flooded mode thus enabling more efficient use of the evaporator surface for heat transfer. If a low-pressure receiver is used in a refrigeration circuit the control of refrigerant flow into the evaporator is less critical as the expansion device is not responsible for preventing liquid returning to the compressor. Therefore, a capillary expansion device can be used effectively over a range of operating pressures. The system was shown to be effective at maintaining temperatures in the Storage drawers during chilled, frozen and Mixed Storage temperature tests carried out to the EN441 test standard. The cabinet operated successfully at all conditions except when the heat load in each drawer was excessive (>400 W above base level heat load). In this case, refrigerant was found to back up in the condenser and the low-pressure receiver was empty of liquid refrigerant. A solution to this would be to allow controlled flow of refrigerant from the condenser to the low-pressure receiver at high condensing pressures. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd and IIR.
Santanu Bandyopadhyay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optimization of solar thermal systems with a thermocline Storage tank
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2020Co-Authors: Indrajeet B. Jadhav, Manaswita Bose, Santanu BandyopadhyayAbstract:The solar thermal-based hot water system has established itself as one of the prominent options to achieve sustainable energy systems. Optimization of the solar water-heating system focuses mainly on two major decision variables, the solar collector area and the Storage tank volume, and leads to a significant reduction in the capital investment. In conventional design practice, a well-Mixed Storage tank is considered for storing the heat. A thermocline tank offers benefits like the uniformity of the output temperature and reduction in thermal losses from the solar collector, through the establishment of thermal stratification. A holistic approach to optimize the overall system is missing in the literature. A methodology is proposed in this paper to optimize the solar water-heating systems, incorporating a thermocline Storage tank, with the application of the design space framework. The design space was proposed initially to design and optimize energy systems as it helps in identifying different design constraints through a graphical representation. The design space, graphically represented on a Storage volume versus collector area diagram, incorporates variations of the thermocline zone with the change in solar irradiation, thermal load, and other system-level constraints. The effects of various system parameters on system design through sensitivity analysis are also studied. It is observed that the solar collector area requirement and the overall capital investment can be reduced by 57% and 28%, by optimally integrating a thermocline tank. Graphic abstract
Lambert W. C. A. Breemen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diurnal buoyancy changes of Microcystis in an artificially Mixed Storage reservoir
Hydrobiologia, 1996Co-Authors: Petra M. Visser, Henk A. M. Ketelaarsl, Lambert W. C. A. BreemenAbstract:In a Storage reservoir, which is artificially Mixed in order to reduce algal and especially cyanobacterial growth, the cyanobacterium Microcystis is still present. The aim of the research was to investigate why Microcystis was able to grow in the artificially Mixed reservoir. From the results it could be concluded that the large shallow area in the reservoir allows this growth. The loss of buoyancy during the day was much higher in this shallow part than in the deep part. Assuming that the loss of buoyancy was the result of a higher carbohydrate content, a higher growth rate in the shallow part may be expected. A higher received light dose by the phytoplankton in the shallow Mixed part of the reservoir than in the deep Mixed part explains the difference in buoyancy loss. A significant correlation between the received light dose (calculated for homogeneously Mixed phytoplankton) and the buoyancy loss was found. Apparently, the Microcystis colonies were entrained in the turbulent flow in both the shallow and the deep part of the reservoir. With a little higher stability on one sampling day, due to the late start of the artificial mixing, the loss of buoyancy at the deep site was higher than on the other days and almost comparable to the loss at the shallow site. Although the vertical biomass distribution and the temperature profiles showed homogeneous mixing, the colonies in the upper layers apparently received a higher light dose than those deeper in the water column. Determination of the buoyancy state of cyanobacteria appeared to be a valuable method to investigate the light history and hence their entrainment in the turbulent flow in the water column.