The Experts below are selected from a list of 42 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Francesca Meneghello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A-Bar Scrambling in Repetition in a Case of Mixed Transcortical Aphasia: Hints for the Psychological Reality of the Syntax/Pragmatic Interface
Presses universitaires de Caen, 2013Co-Authors: Ludovico Franco, Elisa Zampieri, Francesca MeneghelloAbstract:The present study deals with sentence repetition in MB, an Italian patient with Mixed Transcortical Aphasia. In preliminary testing, MB spontaneously resisted accurate repetition when presented with sentences featuring morphosyntactic violations (see Davis et al., 1978). MB also managed to repeat all the proposed phrasal chunks, even in complex sentences. Interestingly, MB tended to move the constituents with the violation (always oblique arguments/adjuncts) to the beginning of the sentence or to another non-canonical position (e.g., dislocating adjuncts immediately before verbs). Thus, he selectively performed “adjunct scrambling”. A detailed experimental task confirmed that MB only moved adjuncts or optional complements. Interestingly, most of the scrambled constituents were prosodically-marked by pitch-peaks as contrastive foci. We argue that MB resorts to scrambling as a syntactic strategy. In doing so, he activates projections that encode information related to the interface between syntax and discourse-pragmatics
Meneghello Francesca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A-Bar Scrambling in Repetition in a Case of Mixed Transcortical Aphasia: Hints for the Psychological Reality of the Syntax/Pragmatic Interface
Discours, 2013Co-Authors: Franco Ludovico, Zampieri Elisa, Meneghello FrancescaAbstract:The present study deals with sentence repetition in MB, an Italian patient with Mixed Transcortical Aphasia. In preliminary testing, MB spontaneously resisted accurate repetition when presented with sentences featuring morphosyntactic violations (see Davis et al., 1978). MB also managed to repeat all the proposed phrasal chunks, even in complex sentences. Interestingly, MB tended to move the constituents with the violation (always oblique arguments/adjuncts) to the beginning of the sentence or to another non-canonical position (e.g., dislocating adjuncts immediately before verbs). Thus, he selectively performed “adjunct scrambling”. A detailed experimental task confirmed that MB only moved adjuncts or optional complements. Interestingly, most of the scrambled constituents were prosodically-marked by pitch-peaks as contrastive foci. We argue that MB resorts to scrambling as a syntactic strategy. In doing so, he activates projections that encode information related to the interface between syntax and discourse-pragmatics
Davila Guadalupe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aphasia with anatomical isolation of the language area: A reanalysis on the light of modern neuroimaging techniques
2018Co-Authors: Torres-prioris, María José, López-barroso Diana, Berthier-torres, Marcelo Luis, Roé-vellvé Nuria, Tubío Javier, López-gonzález, Francisco Javier, Edelkraut Lisa-marie, Davila GuadalupeAbstract:Introduction : Goldstein (1948) and Geschwind (1968), based in data derived from anatomical post-mortem studies, postulated that the disconnection of the perisylvian language areas (PSLA) from other cortical areas was responsible for impairments in spontaneous speech and language comprehension with preservation of verbal repetition and echolalia (isolation of speech area). Nevertheless, other mechanisms (right hemisphere or bilateral hypotheses) underlying echolalic repetition have been proposed. Herein, we examined the structure and function of the PSLAs in two cases of Aphasia with echolalic repetition and isolation of the left PSLA. Methods : Two patients with chronic post-stroke Aphasia associated to isolation of the left PSLA were studied. Both patients underwent cognitive-language assessment and multimodal imaging. In patient 1 (p1), structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI) during repetition of words and non-words, resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) were acquired, whereas only structural MRI was performed in patient 2 (p2). The Tractotron software was used to examine the severity of disconnection in each language-related white matter tract in both patients. We quantified the severity of the disconnection by measuring the proportion of each tract that was affected. 18FDG-PET was also acquired in both patients. Results : P1 had a Mixed Transcortical Aphasia and p2 had a Transcortical sensory/anomic Aphasia. In both, the MRI showed separate left anterior and posterior lesions with relative preservation of the PSLA. In both, 18FDG-PET revealed significant decrements of metabolic activity in areas of the left PSLA, although some parts showed normal metabolic activity. In p1 the left arcuate fasciculus (AF) and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi (IFOF) could not be reconstructed. fMRI showed perilesional activity in the left hemisphere and increased activity in the right during word repetition. rsfMRI showed compensatory activity in both hemispheres (right greater than left). Analysis with the Tractotron software revealed disconnection of both the AF and the IFOF in the left hemisphere of both patients. Discussion : Although some parts of the left PSLA had preserved metabolic activity in both patients, our neuroimaging data revealed that preserved repetition ability did not rely exclusively on the residual activity of the left PSLA. In support, the connectivity between different components of the left PSLA was severely affected. This coupled with the increased metabolic activity of the right PSLA supports the bilateral hypothesis of residual repetition in Transcortical Aphasias. References : Goldstein, K. (1948). Language and Language Disturbances. Geschwind, et al. (1968). Neuropsychologia 6, 327–340.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec
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Overrepresentation of verbal repetition deficits in aphasic men with stroke: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
2017Co-Authors: Torres-prioris, María José, Pertierra Lucía, Davila Guadalupe, Allegri, Ricardo F, López-barroso Diana, Berthier-torres, Marcelo LuisAbstract:Introduction: The arcuate fasciculus (AF) is a key component for language repetition Neuroimaging evidence indicates a gender-dimorphic architecture of this white matter tract. Strong left lateralization of the direct segment of the AF is m∼ore frequent in men ( 85%), while mild lateralization or symmetrical bilateral ∼ representation ( 60%) is more prevalent amongst women. Therefore, most men do not have a well-developed right AF. This predicts that men with Aphasia and left hemisphere damage will have less capacity than aphasic women to compensate repetition deficits and, consequently, Aphasias associated to repetition deficits (e.g conduction Aphasia – CA) will be more prevalent in men. While this assumption is intuitively appealing, it has not been empirically tested up to now. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published cases of CA and Transcortical Aphasia (TA) was performed. Adult patients with first-ever unilateral cerebrovascular event and no prior history of neurological or psychiatric disease were included in the database. The men: women proportion of CA and TA was calculated from the database, and compared with the men:women proportion of stroke prevalence. The group of patients with Aphasias showing relatively preserved repetition (Transcortical motor and sensory Aphasias) was used as control. Patients with Mixed Transcortical Aphasia were excluded because repetition is not fully preserved. Results: Two hundred fifty three publications were included, gathering 799 cases of CA and TA. Males accounted for 74% (n = 375) of CA subjects (n = 507), while among TA (n=249, Mixed TA excluded) men represented 62% (n=154) of subjects. Compared with 59% of male prevalence in stroke, men were overrepresented amongst CA (p
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A reappraisal of echolalia in Aphasia: A case-series study with multimodal neuroimaging
2017Co-Authors: López-barroso Diana, Torres-prioris, María José, Berthier-torres, Marcelo Luis, Roé-vellvé Nuria, Thurnhofer-hemsi Karl, Paredes-pacheco José, López-gonzález Francisco, Tubío Javier, Alfaro Francisco, Davila GuadalupeAbstract:Introduction: Verbal echoes are commonplace in patients with Aphasia, yet information on their cognitive and neural mechanisms remains unexplored (Berthier et al., in press). This study aims to instantiate the concept of echolalia (Berthier et al., 2016) by reappraising its relevance in the frame of modern neuroscience in three different types: (1) automatic echolalia (AE) (parrot-like repetition of all verbal stimuli); (2) mitigated echolalia (ME) (changes in echoes for communicative purposes), and (3) effortful echolalia (EE) (echolalia with articulatory struggling, distorted prosody, and increased effort). Methods: Case-series study of three variants of echolalia in three patients with chronic post-stroke Aphasia using cognitive testing and multimodal imaging including structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI) during repetition of words and non-words, and resting state fMRI (rsfMRI). Patient 1 had Mixed Transcortical Aphasia (mutism and nil auditory comprehension with intact repetition). Patient 2 had residual Wernicke’s Aphasia with mildly impaired auditory comprehension; and patient 3 had Broca’s Aphasia with impaired syntactic comprehension. Results: Patient 1 had severe AE associated with two large lesions in the left dorsolateral and mesial frontal lobe and the left temporo-parietal cortex (isolation of speech area). DTI revealed absent left dorsal and ventral streams and full development of right white matter tracts. Using fMRI and rsfMRI a compensatory activity in both cerebral hemispheres (right greater than left) was found. Patient 2 had ME associated with DTI-proven incomplete damage to the left dorsal stream and complete damaged to the left ventral stream. fMRI and rsfMRI revealed compensatory activity via right hemisphere structures. Patient 3 had EE associated to a large lesion in the left perisylvian language core. Discussion:Our study revealed heterogeneous aphasic profiles and cognitive deficits in the different types of echolalia amongst patients with chronic Aphasia. In addition, multimodal imaging showed a complex pattern of network rearrangement in both cerebral hemispheres which depended upon the localization of the structural lesion. Our preliminary findings set out a starting point to advance research on echolalia eventually providing hints for neurorehabilitation. References: Berthier ML et al.. P. Coppens and J. Patterson (Eds.). Jones & Bartlett Learning, Burlington, MA (2016) Berthier ML et al. Aphasiology (2017)Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
Berthier-torres, Marcelo Luis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aphasia with anatomical isolation of the language area: A reanalysis on the light of modern neuroimaging techniques
2018Co-Authors: Torres-prioris, María José, López-barroso Diana, Berthier-torres, Marcelo Luis, Roé-vellvé Nuria, Tubío Javier, López-gonzález, Francisco Javier, Edelkraut Lisa-marie, Davila GuadalupeAbstract:Introduction : Goldstein (1948) and Geschwind (1968), based in data derived from anatomical post-mortem studies, postulated that the disconnection of the perisylvian language areas (PSLA) from other cortical areas was responsible for impairments in spontaneous speech and language comprehension with preservation of verbal repetition and echolalia (isolation of speech area). Nevertheless, other mechanisms (right hemisphere or bilateral hypotheses) underlying echolalic repetition have been proposed. Herein, we examined the structure and function of the PSLAs in two cases of Aphasia with echolalic repetition and isolation of the left PSLA. Methods : Two patients with chronic post-stroke Aphasia associated to isolation of the left PSLA were studied. Both patients underwent cognitive-language assessment and multimodal imaging. In patient 1 (p1), structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI) during repetition of words and non-words, resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) were acquired, whereas only structural MRI was performed in patient 2 (p2). The Tractotron software was used to examine the severity of disconnection in each language-related white matter tract in both patients. We quantified the severity of the disconnection by measuring the proportion of each tract that was affected. 18FDG-PET was also acquired in both patients. Results : P1 had a Mixed Transcortical Aphasia and p2 had a Transcortical sensory/anomic Aphasia. In both, the MRI showed separate left anterior and posterior lesions with relative preservation of the PSLA. In both, 18FDG-PET revealed significant decrements of metabolic activity in areas of the left PSLA, although some parts showed normal metabolic activity. In p1 the left arcuate fasciculus (AF) and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi (IFOF) could not be reconstructed. fMRI showed perilesional activity in the left hemisphere and increased activity in the right during word repetition. rsfMRI showed compensatory activity in both hemispheres (right greater than left). Analysis with the Tractotron software revealed disconnection of both the AF and the IFOF in the left hemisphere of both patients. Discussion : Although some parts of the left PSLA had preserved metabolic activity in both patients, our neuroimaging data revealed that preserved repetition ability did not rely exclusively on the residual activity of the left PSLA. In support, the connectivity between different components of the left PSLA was severely affected. This coupled with the increased metabolic activity of the right PSLA supports the bilateral hypothesis of residual repetition in Transcortical Aphasias. References : Goldstein, K. (1948). Language and Language Disturbances. Geschwind, et al. (1968). Neuropsychologia 6, 327–340.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec
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Overrepresentation of verbal repetition deficits in aphasic men with stroke: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
2017Co-Authors: Torres-prioris, María José, Pertierra Lucía, Davila Guadalupe, Allegri, Ricardo F, López-barroso Diana, Berthier-torres, Marcelo LuisAbstract:Introduction: The arcuate fasciculus (AF) is a key component for language repetition Neuroimaging evidence indicates a gender-dimorphic architecture of this white matter tract. Strong left lateralization of the direct segment of the AF is m∼ore frequent in men ( 85%), while mild lateralization or symmetrical bilateral ∼ representation ( 60%) is more prevalent amongst women. Therefore, most men do not have a well-developed right AF. This predicts that men with Aphasia and left hemisphere damage will have less capacity than aphasic women to compensate repetition deficits and, consequently, Aphasias associated to repetition deficits (e.g conduction Aphasia – CA) will be more prevalent in men. While this assumption is intuitively appealing, it has not been empirically tested up to now. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published cases of CA and Transcortical Aphasia (TA) was performed. Adult patients with first-ever unilateral cerebrovascular event and no prior history of neurological or psychiatric disease were included in the database. The men: women proportion of CA and TA was calculated from the database, and compared with the men:women proportion of stroke prevalence. The group of patients with Aphasias showing relatively preserved repetition (Transcortical motor and sensory Aphasias) was used as control. Patients with Mixed Transcortical Aphasia were excluded because repetition is not fully preserved. Results: Two hundred fifty three publications were included, gathering 799 cases of CA and TA. Males accounted for 74% (n = 375) of CA subjects (n = 507), while among TA (n=249, Mixed TA excluded) men represented 62% (n=154) of subjects. Compared with 59% of male prevalence in stroke, men were overrepresented amongst CA (p
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A reappraisal of echolalia in Aphasia: A case-series study with multimodal neuroimaging
2017Co-Authors: López-barroso Diana, Torres-prioris, María José, Berthier-torres, Marcelo Luis, Roé-vellvé Nuria, Thurnhofer-hemsi Karl, Paredes-pacheco José, López-gonzález Francisco, Tubío Javier, Alfaro Francisco, Davila GuadalupeAbstract:Introduction: Verbal echoes are commonplace in patients with Aphasia, yet information on their cognitive and neural mechanisms remains unexplored (Berthier et al., in press). This study aims to instantiate the concept of echolalia (Berthier et al., 2016) by reappraising its relevance in the frame of modern neuroscience in three different types: (1) automatic echolalia (AE) (parrot-like repetition of all verbal stimuli); (2) mitigated echolalia (ME) (changes in echoes for communicative purposes), and (3) effortful echolalia (EE) (echolalia with articulatory struggling, distorted prosody, and increased effort). Methods: Case-series study of three variants of echolalia in three patients with chronic post-stroke Aphasia using cognitive testing and multimodal imaging including structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI) during repetition of words and non-words, and resting state fMRI (rsfMRI). Patient 1 had Mixed Transcortical Aphasia (mutism and nil auditory comprehension with intact repetition). Patient 2 had residual Wernicke’s Aphasia with mildly impaired auditory comprehension; and patient 3 had Broca’s Aphasia with impaired syntactic comprehension. Results: Patient 1 had severe AE associated with two large lesions in the left dorsolateral and mesial frontal lobe and the left temporo-parietal cortex (isolation of speech area). DTI revealed absent left dorsal and ventral streams and full development of right white matter tracts. Using fMRI and rsfMRI a compensatory activity in both cerebral hemispheres (right greater than left) was found. Patient 2 had ME associated with DTI-proven incomplete damage to the left dorsal stream and complete damaged to the left ventral stream. fMRI and rsfMRI revealed compensatory activity via right hemisphere structures. Patient 3 had EE associated to a large lesion in the left perisylvian language core. Discussion:Our study revealed heterogeneous aphasic profiles and cognitive deficits in the different types of echolalia amongst patients with chronic Aphasia. In addition, multimodal imaging showed a complex pattern of network rearrangement in both cerebral hemispheres which depended upon the localization of the structural lesion. Our preliminary findings set out a starting point to advance research on echolalia eventually providing hints for neurorehabilitation. References: Berthier ML et al.. P. Coppens and J. Patterson (Eds.). Jones & Bartlett Learning, Burlington, MA (2016) Berthier ML et al. Aphasiology (2017)Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
Ludovico Franco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A-Bar Scrambling in Repetition in a Case of Mixed Transcortical Aphasia: Hints for the Psychological Reality of the Syntax/Pragmatic Interface
Presses universitaires de Caen, 2013Co-Authors: Ludovico Franco, Elisa Zampieri, Francesca MeneghelloAbstract:The present study deals with sentence repetition in MB, an Italian patient with Mixed Transcortical Aphasia. In preliminary testing, MB spontaneously resisted accurate repetition when presented with sentences featuring morphosyntactic violations (see Davis et al., 1978). MB also managed to repeat all the proposed phrasal chunks, even in complex sentences. Interestingly, MB tended to move the constituents with the violation (always oblique arguments/adjuncts) to the beginning of the sentence or to another non-canonical position (e.g., dislocating adjuncts immediately before verbs). Thus, he selectively performed “adjunct scrambling”. A detailed experimental task confirmed that MB only moved adjuncts or optional complements. Interestingly, most of the scrambled constituents were prosodically-marked by pitch-peaks as contrastive foci. We argue that MB resorts to scrambling as a syntactic strategy. In doing so, he activates projections that encode information related to the interface between syntax and discourse-pragmatics