The Experts below are selected from a list of 156 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Laurence Steinberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the dual systems Model Review reappraisal and reaffirmation
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Elizabeth P Shulman, Ashley R Smith, Karol Silva, Grace Icenogle, Natasha Duell, Jason Chein, Laurence SteinbergAbstract:Abstract According to the dual systems perspective, risk taking peaks during adolescence because activation of an early-maturing socioemotional-incentive processing system amplifies adolescents’ affinity for exciting, pleasurable, and novel activities at a time when a still immature cognitive control system is not yet strong enough to consistently restrain potentially hazardous impulses. We Review evidence from both the psychological and neuroimaging literatures that has emerged since 2008, when this perspective was originally articulated. Although there are occasional exceptions to the general trends, studies show that, as predicted, psychological and neural manifestations of reward sensitivity increase between childhood and adolescence, peak sometime during the late teen years, and decline thereafter, whereas psychological and neural reflections of better cognitive control increase gradually and linearly throughout adolescence and into the early 20s. While some forms of real-world risky behavior peak at a later age than predicted, this likely reflects differential opportunities for risk-taking in late adolescence and young adulthood, rather than neurobiological differences that make this age group more reckless. Although it is admittedly an oversimplification, as a heuristic device, the dual systems Model provides a far more accurate account of adolescent risk taking than prior Models that have attributed adolescent recklessness to cognitive deficiencies.
Elvinia Riccobene - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rigorous development process of a safety-critical system: from ASM Models to Java code
International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer, 2017Co-Authors: Paolo Arcaini, Elvinia RiccobeneAbstract:The paper presents an approach for rigorous development of safety-critical systems based on the Abstract State Machine formal method. The development process starts from a high level formal view of the system and, through refinement, derives more detailed Models till the desired level of specification. Along the process, different validation and verification activities are available, as simulation, Model Review, and Model checking. Moreover, each refinement step can be proved correct using an SMT-based approach. As last step of the refinement process, a Java implementation can be developed and linked to the formal specification. The correctness of the implementation w.r.t. its formal specification can be proved by means of Model-based testing and runtime verification. The process is exemplified by using a Landing Gear System as case study.
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Using mutation to assess fault detection capability of Model Review
Software Testing Verification & Reliability, 2015Co-Authors: Paolo Arcaini, Angelo Gargantini, Elvinia RiccobeneAbstract:Among validation techniques, Model Review is a static analysis approach that can be performed at the early stages of software development, at the specification level, and aims at determining if a Model owns certain quality attributes like completeness, consistency and minimality. However, the Model Review capability to detect behavioural faults has never been measured. In this paper, a methodology and a supporting tool for evaluating the fault detection capability of a NuSMV Model advisor are presented, which performs an automatic static Model Review of NuSMV Models. The approach is based on the use of mutation in a similar way as in mutation testing: several mutation operators for NuSMV Models are defined, and the Model advisor is used to detect behavioural faults by statically analysing mutated specifications. In this way, it is possible to measure the Model advisor ability to discover faults. To improve the quality of the analysis, the equivalence between a NuSMV Model and any of its mutants must be checked. To perform this task, this paper proposes a technique based on the concept of equivalent Kripke structures, as NuSMV Models are Kripke structures. A number of experiments assess the fault-detecting capability, precision and accuracy of the proposed approach. Analysis of variance is used to check if the results are statistically significant. Some relationships among mutation operators and Model quality attributes are also established. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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automatic Review of abstract state machines by meta property verification
NASA Formal Methods Symposium, 2010Co-Authors: Paolo Arcaini, Angelo Gargantini, Elvinia RiccobeneAbstract:A Model Review is a validation technique aimed at determining if a Model is of sufficient quality and allows defects to be identified early in the system development, reducing the cost of fixing them. In this paper we propose a technique to performautomaticReview of Abstract State Machine (ASM) formal specifications. We first detect a family of typical vulnerabilities and defects a developer can introduce during the Modeling activity using the ASMs and we express such faults as the violation of meta-properties that guarantee certain quality attributes of the specification. These meta-properties are then mapped to temporal logic formulas and Model checked for their violation. As a proof of concept, we also report the result of applying this ASM Review process to several specifications. Using formal methods, based on rigorous mathematical foundations, for system design and development is of extreme importance, especially for high-integrity systems where safety and security are important. By means of abstract Models, faults in the specification can be detected as early as possible with limited effort. Validation should precede the application of more expensive and accurate verification methods, that should be applied only when a designer has enough confidence that the specification really reflects the user perceptions. Otherwise (right) properties could be proved true for a wrong specification. Model Review, also called “Model walk-through” or “Model inspection”, is a validation technique in which Modeling efforts are critically examined to determine if a Model not only fulfills the intended requirements, but also are of sufficient quality to be easy to develop, maintain, and enhance. This process should, therefore, assure a certain degree of quality. The assurance of quality, namely ensuring readability and avoiding error-prone constructs, is one of the most essential aspects in the development of safety-critical reactive systems, since the failure of such systems ‐ often attributable to Modeling and, therefore, coding flaws ‐ can cause loss of property or even human life [13]. When Model Reviews are performed properly, they can have a big payoff because they allow defects to be detected early in the system development, reducing the cost of fixing them. Usually Model Review, which comes from the code-Review idea, is performed by a group of external qualified people. However, this Review process, if done by hand, requires a great effort that might be tremendously reduced if performed in an automatic way ‐ as allowed by using formal notations ‐ by systematically checking specifications for known vulnerabilities or defects. The question iswhatto check on andhowto automatically check the Model. In other words, it is necessary to identify classes of faults and defects to check, and to establish a process by which to detect such deficiencies in the underlying Model. If these faults are expressed in terms of formal statements, these can be assumed as a sort of measure of theModel quality assurance. In this paper, we tackle the problem of automatically Reviewing formal specifications given in terms of Abstract State Machines (ASMs) [4]. We first detect a family of typical vulnerabilities and defects a developer can introduce during the Modeling activity using the ASMs and we express such faults as the violation of formal properties. These properties refer to Modelattributesand characteristics that should hold in any ASM Model, independently from the particular Model to analyze. For this reason they are ! This work was partially supported by the Italian Government under the project PRIN 2007 D-ASAP (2007XKEHFA)
Chew Tin Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Review of distributed generation (DG) system planning and optimisation techniques: Comparison of numerical and mathematical Modelling methods
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Wai Lip Theo, Jeng Shiun Lim, Hadzli Hashim, Wai Shin Ho, Chew Tin LeeAbstract:An overview of numerical and mathematical Modelling-based distributed generation (DG) system optimisation techniques is presented in this Review paper. The objective is to compare different aspects of these two broad classes of DG optimisation techniques, explore their applications, and identify potential research directions from Reviewed studies. Introductory descriptions of general electrical power system and DG system are first provided, followed by Reviews on renewable resource assessment, load demand analysis, Model formulation, and optimisation techniques. In renewable resource assessment Model Review, uncertain solar and wind energy resources are emphasised whereas applications of forecasting Models have been highlighted based on their prediction horizons, computational power requirement, and training data intensity. For DG optimisation framework, (solar, wind and tidal) power generator, energy storage and energy balance Models are discussed; in optimisation technique section, both numerical and mathematical Modelling optimisation methods are Reviewed, analysed and criticised with recommendations for their improvements. In overall, this Review provides preliminary guidelines, research gaps and recommendations for developing a better and more user-friendly DG energy planning optimisation tool.
Rebecca Bulander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Design Thinking Process Model Review
2018 IEEE International Conference on Engineering Technology and Innovation (ICE ITMC), 2018Co-Authors: Lukas Waidelich, Alexander Richter, Bernhard Kölmel, Rebecca BulanderAbstract:The presented research provides an overview of thirty-five analyzed process Models in the field of Design Thinking for application in a practical environment. The overall objective is a comparison of Design Thinking process Models according to a number of process steps and their specific terminology. The structure of the paper is as follows: First, an introduction helps the readers to become involved in the topic. Second the methodology of the systematic literature Review and the focus of this paper are explained. Afterwards, the results of the literature Review are presented. Then in the next step the key findings are discussed. The paper concludes with a summary of the main findings and provides an outlook of future research tasks.
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ICE/ITMC - Design Thinking Process Model Review
2018 IEEE International Conference on Engineering Technology and Innovation (ICE ITMC), 2018Co-Authors: Lukas Waidelich, Alexander Richter, Bernhard Kölmel, Rebecca BulanderAbstract:The presented research provides an overview of thirty-five analyzed process Models in the field of Design Thinking for application in a practical environment. The overall objective is a comparison of Design Thinking process Models according to a number of process steps and their specific terminology. The structure of the paper is as follows: First, an introduction helps the readers to become involved in the topic. Second the methodology of the systematic literature Review and the focus of this paper are explained. Afterwards, the results of the literature Review are presented. Then in the next step the key findings are discussed. The paper concludes with a summary of the main findings and provides an outlook of future research tasks.
Paolo Arcaini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rigorous development process of a safety-critical system: from ASM Models to Java code
International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer, 2017Co-Authors: Paolo Arcaini, Elvinia RiccobeneAbstract:The paper presents an approach for rigorous development of safety-critical systems based on the Abstract State Machine formal method. The development process starts from a high level formal view of the system and, through refinement, derives more detailed Models till the desired level of specification. Along the process, different validation and verification activities are available, as simulation, Model Review, and Model checking. Moreover, each refinement step can be proved correct using an SMT-based approach. As last step of the refinement process, a Java implementation can be developed and linked to the formal specification. The correctness of the implementation w.r.t. its formal specification can be proved by means of Model-based testing and runtime verification. The process is exemplified by using a Landing Gear System as case study.
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Using mutation to assess fault detection capability of Model Review
Software Testing Verification & Reliability, 2015Co-Authors: Paolo Arcaini, Angelo Gargantini, Elvinia RiccobeneAbstract:Among validation techniques, Model Review is a static analysis approach that can be performed at the early stages of software development, at the specification level, and aims at determining if a Model owns certain quality attributes like completeness, consistency and minimality. However, the Model Review capability to detect behavioural faults has never been measured. In this paper, a methodology and a supporting tool for evaluating the fault detection capability of a NuSMV Model advisor are presented, which performs an automatic static Model Review of NuSMV Models. The approach is based on the use of mutation in a similar way as in mutation testing: several mutation operators for NuSMV Models are defined, and the Model advisor is used to detect behavioural faults by statically analysing mutated specifications. In this way, it is possible to measure the Model advisor ability to discover faults. To improve the quality of the analysis, the equivalence between a NuSMV Model and any of its mutants must be checked. To perform this task, this paper proposes a technique based on the concept of equivalent Kripke structures, as NuSMV Models are Kripke structures. A number of experiments assess the fault-detecting capability, precision and accuracy of the proposed approach. Analysis of variance is used to check if the results are statistically significant. Some relationships among mutation operators and Model quality attributes are also established. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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automatic Review of abstract state machines by meta property verification
NASA Formal Methods Symposium, 2010Co-Authors: Paolo Arcaini, Angelo Gargantini, Elvinia RiccobeneAbstract:A Model Review is a validation technique aimed at determining if a Model is of sufficient quality and allows defects to be identified early in the system development, reducing the cost of fixing them. In this paper we propose a technique to performautomaticReview of Abstract State Machine (ASM) formal specifications. We first detect a family of typical vulnerabilities and defects a developer can introduce during the Modeling activity using the ASMs and we express such faults as the violation of meta-properties that guarantee certain quality attributes of the specification. These meta-properties are then mapped to temporal logic formulas and Model checked for their violation. As a proof of concept, we also report the result of applying this ASM Review process to several specifications. Using formal methods, based on rigorous mathematical foundations, for system design and development is of extreme importance, especially for high-integrity systems where safety and security are important. By means of abstract Models, faults in the specification can be detected as early as possible with limited effort. Validation should precede the application of more expensive and accurate verification methods, that should be applied only when a designer has enough confidence that the specification really reflects the user perceptions. Otherwise (right) properties could be proved true for a wrong specification. Model Review, also called “Model walk-through” or “Model inspection”, is a validation technique in which Modeling efforts are critically examined to determine if a Model not only fulfills the intended requirements, but also are of sufficient quality to be easy to develop, maintain, and enhance. This process should, therefore, assure a certain degree of quality. The assurance of quality, namely ensuring readability and avoiding error-prone constructs, is one of the most essential aspects in the development of safety-critical reactive systems, since the failure of such systems ‐ often attributable to Modeling and, therefore, coding flaws ‐ can cause loss of property or even human life [13]. When Model Reviews are performed properly, they can have a big payoff because they allow defects to be detected early in the system development, reducing the cost of fixing them. Usually Model Review, which comes from the code-Review idea, is performed by a group of external qualified people. However, this Review process, if done by hand, requires a great effort that might be tremendously reduced if performed in an automatic way ‐ as allowed by using formal notations ‐ by systematically checking specifications for known vulnerabilities or defects. The question iswhatto check on andhowto automatically check the Model. In other words, it is necessary to identify classes of faults and defects to check, and to establish a process by which to detect such deficiencies in the underlying Model. If these faults are expressed in terms of formal statements, these can be assumed as a sort of measure of theModel quality assurance. In this paper, we tackle the problem of automatically Reviewing formal specifications given in terms of Abstract State Machines (ASMs) [4]. We first detect a family of typical vulnerabilities and defects a developer can introduce during the Modeling activity using the ASMs and we express such faults as the violation of formal properties. These properties refer to Modelattributesand characteristics that should hold in any ASM Model, independently from the particular Model to analyze. For this reason they are ! This work was partially supported by the Italian Government under the project PRIN 2007 D-ASAP (2007XKEHFA)