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R A Stephenson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the donets basin ukraine russia coalification and thermal history
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2002Co-Authors: Reinhard F. Sachsenhofer, M V Zhykalyak, C Bueker, E A Panova, Thomas Rainer, V A Shymanovskyy, Valeriy A. Privalov, R A StephensonAbstract:The Donets Basin (Donbas) is one of the major late Paleozoic coal basins in the world. The Donbas Foldbelt is an inverted part of the Donets Basin characterized by WNW–ESE-trending folds and faults. The age of basin inversion is under discussion. Large parts of the Donets Basin host anthracite and meta-anthracite. Low-rank coals are restricted to the western and northern basin margins. Vitrinite reflectance patterns along the Gorlovka Anticline indicate syn-deformational coalification. Vitrinite reflectance isolines are displaced along thrusts, clear evidence that main coalification predates late faulting. 1-D and 2-D numerical models were applied to elucidate the factors that control coalification in the western Donets Basin (Krasnoarmeisk Monocline, Kalmius–Torets Depression, South Syncline). The models indicate that the depth of the seams and the heat flow during maximum (Permian) burial are the most important parameters. The thickness of late Carboniferous and Permian rocks increased from the southwestern basin margin towards the basin center. Permian erosion along the Krasnoarmeisk Monocline and in the Kalmius–Torets Depression was on the order of 2–3 km. More rocks were eroded southeast of the Donetsk–Kadievka Fault Zone (4–5 km). Heat flow during maximum burial was in the range of 40–75 mW/m2. Heat flow in the Krasnoarmeisk Monocline and the Kalmius–Torets Depression increased in a northeastward direction from 40 to 55 mW/m2. Heat flow at the eastern edge of the Kalmius–Torets Depression and in the South Syncline was in the range of 60–75 mW/m2 and increased towards the southeast. The resulting coalification pattern in this area was overprinted by thermal events in the northern Krasnoarmeisk Monocline and the South Syncline. These are probably related to (Permian?) magmatic intrusions. Coked coal occurs at the contact to presumed Permian sills and dikes southwest of Donetsk.
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The Donets Basin (Ukraine/Russia): coalification and thermal history.
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2002Co-Authors: Reinhard F. Sachsenhofer, M V Zhykalyak, C Bueker, E A Panova, Thomas Rainer, V A Shymanovskyy, Valeriy A. Privalov, R A StephensonAbstract:The Donets Basin (Donbas) is one of the major late Paleozoic coal basins in the world. The Donbas Foldbelt is an inverted part of the Donets Basin characterized by WNW–ESE-trending folds and faults. The age of basin inversion is under discussion. Large parts of the Donets Basin host anthracite and meta-anthracite. Low-rank coals are restricted to the western and northern basin margins. Vitrinite reflectance patterns along the Gorlovka Anticline indicate syn-deformational coalification. Vitrinite reflectance isolines are displaced along thrusts, clear evidence that main coalification predates late faulting. 1-D and 2-D numerical models were applied to elucidate the factors that control coalification in the western Donets Basin (Krasnoarmeisk Monocline, Kalmius–Torets Depression, South Syncline). The models indicate that the depth of the seams and the heat flow during maximum (Permian) burial are the most important parameters. The thickness of late Carboniferous and Permian rocks increased from the southwestern basin margin towards the basin center. Permian erosion along the Krasnoarmeisk Monocline and in the Kalmius–Torets Depression was on the order of 2–3 km. More rocks were eroded southeast of the Donetsk–Kadievka Fault Zone (4–5 km). Heat flow during maximum burial was in the range of 40–75 mW/m2. Heat flow in the Krasnoarmeisk Monocline and the Kalmius–Torets Depression increased in a northeastward direction from 40 to 55 mW/m2. Heat flow at the eastern edge of the Kalmius–Torets Depression and in the South Syncline was in the range of 60–75 mW/m2 and increased towards the southeast. The resulting coalification pattern in this area was overprinted by thermal events in the northern Krasnoarmeisk Monocline and the South Syncline. These are probably related to (Permian?) magmatic intrusions. Coked coal occurs at the contact to presumed Permian sills and dikes southwest of Donetsk.
Reinhard F. Sachsenhofer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the donets basin ukraine russia coalification and thermal history
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2002Co-Authors: Reinhard F. Sachsenhofer, M V Zhykalyak, C Bueker, E A Panova, Thomas Rainer, V A Shymanovskyy, Valeriy A. Privalov, R A StephensonAbstract:The Donets Basin (Donbas) is one of the major late Paleozoic coal basins in the world. The Donbas Foldbelt is an inverted part of the Donets Basin characterized by WNW–ESE-trending folds and faults. The age of basin inversion is under discussion. Large parts of the Donets Basin host anthracite and meta-anthracite. Low-rank coals are restricted to the western and northern basin margins. Vitrinite reflectance patterns along the Gorlovka Anticline indicate syn-deformational coalification. Vitrinite reflectance isolines are displaced along thrusts, clear evidence that main coalification predates late faulting. 1-D and 2-D numerical models were applied to elucidate the factors that control coalification in the western Donets Basin (Krasnoarmeisk Monocline, Kalmius–Torets Depression, South Syncline). The models indicate that the depth of the seams and the heat flow during maximum (Permian) burial are the most important parameters. The thickness of late Carboniferous and Permian rocks increased from the southwestern basin margin towards the basin center. Permian erosion along the Krasnoarmeisk Monocline and in the Kalmius–Torets Depression was on the order of 2–3 km. More rocks were eroded southeast of the Donetsk–Kadievka Fault Zone (4–5 km). Heat flow during maximum burial was in the range of 40–75 mW/m2. Heat flow in the Krasnoarmeisk Monocline and the Kalmius–Torets Depression increased in a northeastward direction from 40 to 55 mW/m2. Heat flow at the eastern edge of the Kalmius–Torets Depression and in the South Syncline was in the range of 60–75 mW/m2 and increased towards the southeast. The resulting coalification pattern in this area was overprinted by thermal events in the northern Krasnoarmeisk Monocline and the South Syncline. These are probably related to (Permian?) magmatic intrusions. Coked coal occurs at the contact to presumed Permian sills and dikes southwest of Donetsk.
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The Donets Basin (Ukraine/Russia): coalification and thermal history.
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2002Co-Authors: Reinhard F. Sachsenhofer, M V Zhykalyak, C Bueker, E A Panova, Thomas Rainer, V A Shymanovskyy, Valeriy A. Privalov, R A StephensonAbstract:The Donets Basin (Donbas) is one of the major late Paleozoic coal basins in the world. The Donbas Foldbelt is an inverted part of the Donets Basin characterized by WNW–ESE-trending folds and faults. The age of basin inversion is under discussion. Large parts of the Donets Basin host anthracite and meta-anthracite. Low-rank coals are restricted to the western and northern basin margins. Vitrinite reflectance patterns along the Gorlovka Anticline indicate syn-deformational coalification. Vitrinite reflectance isolines are displaced along thrusts, clear evidence that main coalification predates late faulting. 1-D and 2-D numerical models were applied to elucidate the factors that control coalification in the western Donets Basin (Krasnoarmeisk Monocline, Kalmius–Torets Depression, South Syncline). The models indicate that the depth of the seams and the heat flow during maximum (Permian) burial are the most important parameters. The thickness of late Carboniferous and Permian rocks increased from the southwestern basin margin towards the basin center. Permian erosion along the Krasnoarmeisk Monocline and in the Kalmius–Torets Depression was on the order of 2–3 km. More rocks were eroded southeast of the Donetsk–Kadievka Fault Zone (4–5 km). Heat flow during maximum burial was in the range of 40–75 mW/m2. Heat flow in the Krasnoarmeisk Monocline and the Kalmius–Torets Depression increased in a northeastward direction from 40 to 55 mW/m2. Heat flow at the eastern edge of the Kalmius–Torets Depression and in the South Syncline was in the range of 60–75 mW/m2 and increased towards the southeast. The resulting coalification pattern in this area was overprinted by thermal events in the northern Krasnoarmeisk Monocline and the South Syncline. These are probably related to (Permian?) magmatic intrusions. Coked coal occurs at the contact to presumed Permian sills and dikes southwest of Donetsk.
Victor N. Podkovyrov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lithogeochemistry and depositional environments of sedimentary rocks of the upper vendian and lower cambrian of the north west baltic Monocline
Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Victor N. Podkovyrov, Ludmila N KotovaAbstract:A lithochemical and chemostratigraphic study of the boundary Upper Vendian–Lower Cambrian deposits of the Baltic Monocline in the well sections of Leningrad Oblast and northeastern Estonia was carried out in the volume of the Redkino, Kotlin and Lontova horizons. Both common features and differences in the rock associations of individual horizons in different wells are revealed, which is a consequence of local variations of sedimentation conditions. The deposits of the Redkino horizon uncovered in the central and eastern parts of the region are characterized by a similar composition of rocks, represented by moderately deep-water sandy-clayey sediments of small thickness, formed in disoxidic and anoxic environments with pronounced processes of bacterial sulfate reduction. The deposits of the Kotlin horizon are represented by two groups of rocks. In the sections of wells in the east and west of Leningrad Oblast, a variety of sandy-siltstone rocks, representing coastalmarine sediments of oxidative conditions in the basin, predominate. In sections of the central part of the Baltic Monocline (district of St. Petersburg), fine-grained deep-water disoxic and ferrigenous anoxic environments with a marked accumulation of siderite are common. Marine sandy-clay deposits of the Lontova horizon of the Lower Cambrian have similar lithochemical characteristics with the Kotlin deposits of the “eastern” and “western” sections of the territory, but they were formed under conditions of some oxygen deficiency (disoxic facies). Petrochemical analysis of core material showed that all the sediments studied belong to lithogenic sediments in which no presence of volcanic or pyrogenic material is observed. The formation of the sedimentary sequence of the Upper Vendian–Lower Cambrian of the Baltic Monocline took place under the conditions of a passive continental regime with a gradual change of humid climatic conditions with semiarid ones.
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lithostratigraphy and geochemistry of upper vendian lower cambrian deposits in the northeastern baltic Monocline
Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 2017Co-Authors: Victor N. Podkovyrov, A B Kuznetsov, A V Maslov, Victoria B ErshovaAbstract:The results of investigations of Upper Vendian‒Lower Cambrian deposits in the northeastern part of the Baltic Monocline specify views on the evolution of depositional environments of sedimentary successions constituting the basal part of the sedimentary cover in inner areas of the northwestern East European Platform. It is shown that the Late Vendian and initial Cambrian were characterized by the consecutive influx of relatively mature terrigenous detrital material that originated from both the weathering crust of the Baltic Shield and new sources. Its deposition was interrupted by notable, although likely asynchronous, hiatuses, which are registered at the base of the Upper Vendian Vasileostrovskaya and Voronkovo formations and Lower Cambrian Lomonosov Formation. In the Late Vendian, sedimentary material was transported from the Baltic Shield, while beginning from the initial Early Cambrian the additional contribution to the formation of the sedimentary cover of the Baltic Monocline was provided by coarse-grained sedimentary material from the Timan margin of the Baltica as follows from U‒Pb isotopic ages obtained for detrital zircons. At the same time, lithogeochemical parameters of fine-grained rocks experienced no substantial changes.
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Lithostratigraphy and geochemistry of Upper Vendian‒Lower Cambrian deposits in the northeastern Baltic Monocline
Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 2017Co-Authors: Victor N. Podkovyrov, A B Kuznetsov, A V Maslov, Victoria B ErshovaAbstract:The results of investigations of Upper Vendian‒Lower Cambrian deposits in the northeastern part of the Baltic Monocline specify views on the evolution of depositional environments of sedimentary successions constituting the basal part of the sedimentary cover in inner areas of the northwestern East European Platform. It is shown that the Late Vendian and initial Cambrian were characterized by the consecutive influx of relatively mature terrigenous detrital material that originated from both the weathering crust of the Baltic Shield and new sources. Its deposition was interrupted by notable, although likely asynchronous, hiatuses, which are registered at the base of the Upper Vendian Vasileostrovskaya and Voronkovo formations and Lower Cambrian Lomonosov Formation. In the Late Vendian, sedimentary material was transported from the Baltic Shield, while beginning from the initial Early Cambrian the additional contribution to the formation of the sedimentary cover of the Baltic Monocline was provided by coarse-grained sedimentary material from the Timan margin of the Baltica as follows from U‒Pb isotopic ages obtained for detrital zircons. At the same time, lithogeochemical parameters of fine-grained rocks experienced no substantial changes.
Victoria B Ershova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lithostratigraphy and geochemistry of upper vendian lower cambrian deposits in the northeastern baltic Monocline
Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 2017Co-Authors: Victor N. Podkovyrov, A B Kuznetsov, A V Maslov, Victoria B ErshovaAbstract:The results of investigations of Upper Vendian‒Lower Cambrian deposits in the northeastern part of the Baltic Monocline specify views on the evolution of depositional environments of sedimentary successions constituting the basal part of the sedimentary cover in inner areas of the northwestern East European Platform. It is shown that the Late Vendian and initial Cambrian were characterized by the consecutive influx of relatively mature terrigenous detrital material that originated from both the weathering crust of the Baltic Shield and new sources. Its deposition was interrupted by notable, although likely asynchronous, hiatuses, which are registered at the base of the Upper Vendian Vasileostrovskaya and Voronkovo formations and Lower Cambrian Lomonosov Formation. In the Late Vendian, sedimentary material was transported from the Baltic Shield, while beginning from the initial Early Cambrian the additional contribution to the formation of the sedimentary cover of the Baltic Monocline was provided by coarse-grained sedimentary material from the Timan margin of the Baltica as follows from U‒Pb isotopic ages obtained for detrital zircons. At the same time, lithogeochemical parameters of fine-grained rocks experienced no substantial changes.
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Lithostratigraphy and geochemistry of Upper Vendian‒Lower Cambrian deposits in the northeastern Baltic Monocline
Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 2017Co-Authors: Victor N. Podkovyrov, A B Kuznetsov, A V Maslov, Victoria B ErshovaAbstract:The results of investigations of Upper Vendian‒Lower Cambrian deposits in the northeastern part of the Baltic Monocline specify views on the evolution of depositional environments of sedimentary successions constituting the basal part of the sedimentary cover in inner areas of the northwestern East European Platform. It is shown that the Late Vendian and initial Cambrian were characterized by the consecutive influx of relatively mature terrigenous detrital material that originated from both the weathering crust of the Baltic Shield and new sources. Its deposition was interrupted by notable, although likely asynchronous, hiatuses, which are registered at the base of the Upper Vendian Vasileostrovskaya and Voronkovo formations and Lower Cambrian Lomonosov Formation. In the Late Vendian, sedimentary material was transported from the Baltic Shield, while beginning from the initial Early Cambrian the additional contribution to the formation of the sedimentary cover of the Baltic Monocline was provided by coarse-grained sedimentary material from the Timan margin of the Baltica as follows from U‒Pb isotopic ages obtained for detrital zircons. At the same time, lithogeochemical parameters of fine-grained rocks experienced no substantial changes.
R. Weinberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On the Relation Between Steep Monoclinal Flexure Zones and Steep Hydraulic Gradients
2016Co-Authors: Y. Yechieli, U. Kafri, S. Wollman, V. Lyakhovsky, R. WeinbergerAbstract:Steep hydraulic gradients are found in association with steep monoclinal flexures. However, the physics of the reduction of the hydraulic conductivity, which is responsible for the steep gradients, has seldom been studied. We present results of hydrological and mechanical modeling aiming to study the effect of such steep hydraulic gra-dients demonstrated in the Judea Group Aquifer system, Israel. The hydrological configuration of steep dips and anisotropy between flows parallel and perpendicular to the bedding planes was simulated using the FEFLOW code. It exhibited a situation whereby part of the flow is oblique to the bedding planes and therefore some steepen-ing of the hydraulic gradients occurred due to actual conductivity reduction. However, this reduction is not enough to account for the steeper gradients observed. The effect of a deep-seated reverse fault under the Monocline on the permeability distribution within the structure was examined by numerical mechanical simulations. It exhibited a compressional stress distribution in the steep part of the Monocline, which, due to shortening and closure of joints and voids, is presumably responsible for a significant pressure-induced permeability reduction. This process by it-self in a layered structure, including interlayering of thin marl layers, could be responsible for the steep hydraulic gradients in the steep part of the Monocline
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Mesoscale folds and faults along a flank of a Syrian Arc Monocline, discordant to the Monocline trend
Geological Society London Special Publications, 2010Co-Authors: N. Joseph-hai, Y. Eyal, R. WeinbergerAbstract:Orientations of folds and small faults were measured in Turonian and Senonian rocks along the western limb of the Ramallah Monocline in Israel, one of the structures comprising the Syrian Arc fold belt (SAFB). The minority of the folds, aligned NNE–SSW, are compatible with the WNW–ESE shortening trend of the SAFB, whereas the majority of them, aligned ENE–WSW, are not compatible with this shortening trend. Kinematic analysis of faults’ attitude indicates NNW–SSE shortening and ENE–WSW extension in accordance with the shortening of the majority of folds. Based on the folds trends, scale, and geometry, as well as the associated fault kinematics, we conclude that the folding mechanism is tectonic shortening and not intraformational folding due to landsliding or collapse owing to karst activity as previously postulated. We propose that a minority of the folds, compatible with the major trend of the Ramallah Monocline, are parasitic small folds within the SAFB. The majority of the folds, which are not compatible with the SAFB, were formed owing to NNW–SSE shortening that has been associated with Miocene to Recent movement along the Dead Sea Transform. The Syrian Arc fold belt (SAFB) (Krenkel 1924) consists of three segments, which are characterized by the distinct orientation of their axes (Fig. 1a). The fold axes in the southwestern segment in Sinai (Egypt) and northern Negev (Israel) are aligned NE–SW; the folds in the central segment, comprising the Judea-Samaria and Galilee mountains in Israel and southern Lebanon, are aligned NNE–SSW to almost north–south, and the northeastern segment, the Palmyrides (Syria), are aligned NE–SW. It is widely accepted that these structures formed owing to displacement along reverse faults (e.g. Mimran 1976), that resulted from reactivation of older, Jurassic, normal faults (Freund et al. 1975; Bruner 1991; Walley 1998; and references therein). The central segment of the Syrian Arc comprises the NNE–SSW trending Monoclines of Hebron, Ramallah, and Fariah, whose axes are arranged in en-echelon architecture (Shahar 1994). These Monoclines are the most prominent structures in the central and northern parts of Israel and form the mountain backbone west of the Jordan River (Fig. 1b). The early folding of the Syrian Arc owing to WNW–ESE shortening started during the Turonian series and terminated at the Miocene series (Letouzey & Tremolieres 1980; Eyal & Reches 1983) or extended from the Turonian series to the Present (Eyal 1996). A later regional shortening, trending NNW–SSE and related to the Dead Sea Transform (DST) is active from the Miocene series to the Present (Letouzey & Tremolieres 1980; Eyal & Reches 1983; Eyal 1996; Eyal et al. 2001). New road cuts in the Turonian Bina Formation expose many mesoscale folds, faults, and joints in the western margins of the Judea Mountains during the last decade owing to the construction of Highway 6 (Cross Israel Highway). Previous studies in the surrounding areas already described folds, whose axes are oriented perpendicular to the main NNE–SSW trending of the Monocline axes (e.g. Bentor & Vroman 1954; Shomroni 1970; Dimant 1971; Livnat 1971; Ilani 1972; Hildebrand 1975). However, to date, there is no coherent explanation to their origin and time relation with the large-scale Monoclines. Several options have been suggested to explain the origin of these folds. (a) They are collapse structures that formed owing to karst activity. This karstic activity formed large sub-surface cavities in the carbonate rocks of Bina formation into which the overlying rocks were tilted and folded by collapse. (b) The folds are intraformational structures of the Turonian age that initiated by landslides in the unstable shelf sediments. (c) The folds have a tectonic origin owing to post-Turonian shortening. Each of these fold mechanisms is known in the area and displays a distinctive pattern (Fig. 2). The goals of the present study are to quantify the orientations of these folds (and associated faults) and From: Homberg, C. & Bachmann, M. (eds) Evolution of the Levant Margin and Western Arabia Platform since the Mesozoic. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 341, 211–226. DOI: 10.1144/SP341.10 0305-8719/10/$15.00 # The Geological Society of London 2010. Fig. 1. (a) Generalized tectonic map of Israel showing the SAFB. (b) Location of the study area along Highway 6. N. JOSEPH-HAI ET AL. 212