The Experts below are selected from a list of 362007 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Antoni Oliver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Morphological Analysis of the dravidian language family
Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017Co-Authors: Arun Kumar, Ryan Cotterell, Lluís Padró, Antoni OliverAbstract:The Dravidian family is one of the most widely spoken set of languages in the world, yet there are very few annotated resources available to NLP researchers. To remedy this, we create DravMorph, a corpus annotated for Morphological segmentation and part-of-speech. Also, we exploit novel features and higher-order models to achieve promising results on these corpora on both tasks, beating techniques proposed in the literature by as much as 4 points in segmentation F1.
Donald J Mcmahon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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individual trabecula segmentation its based Morphological Analysis of microscale images of human tibial trabecular bone at limited spatial resolution
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2011Co-Authors: Elizabeth Shane, Donald J McmahonAbstract:Individual trabecula segmentation (ITS), a rigorous model-independent 3D Morphological Analysis, has been developed to assess trabecular plate and rod microstructure separately based on micro–computed tomographic (µCT) images. We examined the influence of the limited spatial resolution, noise, and artifact of high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) on ITS measurements of human tibial trabecular bone. In comparison with measurements from “gold standard” µCT images (25 µm), decreased spatial resolution (40, 60, and 80 µm) of µCT had minimal influence on the correlations of the scale of trabecular plates (ie, plate bone volume fraction, thickness, and surface area) and the orientation (ie, axial bone volume fraction) and structural type (ie, plate tissue fraction) of the trabecular network. ITS measurements of HR-pQCT images correlated significantly with those of µCT images at a similar voxel size (80 µm, r = 0.71–0.94); correlations were stronger for plate-related parameters, suggesting that measurements of trabecular rods are more subject to noise and artifact associated with HR-pQCT imaging technology. In comparison with measurements of “gold standard” µCT images, the percent absolute errors of HR-pQCT measurements such as axial and plate bone volume fraction, plate number and tissue fraction, and plate and rod thickness (3.5% to 10.3%) were comparable with those of bone volume fraction (9.3%). For both HR-pQCT and µCT images, measurements of the scale and junction densities of trabecular plates and orientation and structural type were strong and positive indicators of the elastic modulus of trabecular bone (r = 0.59–0.95). We conclude that ITS measurements of HR-pQCT images are highly reflective of trabecular bone microarchitecture from a biomechanical perspective. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
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individual trabeculae segmentation its based Morphological Analysis of high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography images detects abnormal trabecular plate and rod microarchitecture in premenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2010Co-Authors: Sherry X Liu, Adi Cohen, Joan M. Lappe, Elizabeth Shane, Donald J Mcmahon, Emily M Stein, Halley Rogers, Shannon L Kokolus, Perry T Yin, Robert R. ReckerAbstract:Idiopathic osteoporosis (IOP) in premenopausal women is a poorly understood entity in which otherwise healthy women have low-trauma fracture or very low bone mineral density (BMD). In this study, we applied individual trabeculae segmentation (ITS)–based Morphological Analysis to high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) images of the distal radius and distal tibia to gain greater insight into skeletal microarchitecture in premenopausal women with IOP. HR-pQCT scans were performed for 26 normal control individuals and 31 women with IOP. A cubic subvolume was extracted from the trabecular bone compartment and subjected to ITS-based Analysis. Three Young's moduli and three shear moduli were calculated by micro–finite element (µFE) Analysis. ITS-based Morphological Analysis of HR-pQCT images detected significantly decreased trabecular plate and rod bone volume fraction and number, decreased axial bone volume fraction in the longitudinal axis, increased rod length, and decreased rod-to-rod, plate-to-rod, and plate-to-plate junction densities at the distal radius and distal tibia in women with IOP. However, trabecular plate and rod thickness did not differ. A more rod-like trabecular microstructure was found in the distal radius, but not in the distal tibia. Most ITS measurements contributed significantly to the elastic moduli of trabecular bone independent of bone volume fraction (BV/TV). At a fixed BV/TV, plate-like trabeculae contributed positively to the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. The results suggest that ITS-based Morphological Analysis of HR-pQCT images is a sensitive and promising clinical tool for the investigation of trabecular bone microstructure in human studies of osteoporosis. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sawalha, Majdi Shaker Salem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Open-source resources and standards for Arabic word structure Analysis: Fine grained Morphological Analysis of Arabic text corpora
University of Leeds, 2011Co-Authors: Sawalha, Majdi Shaker SalemAbstract:Morphological analyzers are preprocessors for text Analysis. Many Text Analytics applications need them to perform their tasks. The aim of this thesis is to develop standards, tools and resources that widen the scope of Arabic word structure Analysis - particularly Morphological Analysis, to process Arabic text corpora of different domains, formats and genres, of both vowelized and non-vowelized text. We want to Morphologically tag our Arabic Corpus, but evaluation of existing Morphological analyzers has highlighted shortcomings and shown that more research is required. Tag-assignment is significantly more complex for Arabic than for many languages. The Morphological analyzer should add the appropriate linguistic information to each part or morpheme of the word (proclitic, prefix, stem, suffix and enclitic); in effect, instead of a tag for a word, we need a subtag for each part. Very fine-grained distinctions may cause problems for automatic morphosyntactic Analysis – particularly probabilistic taggers which require training data, if some words can change grammatical tag depending on function and context; on the other hand, finegrained distinctions may actually help to disambiguate other words in the local context. The SALMA – Tagger is a fine grained Morphological analyzer which is mainly depends on linguistic information extracted from traditional Arabic grammar books and prior knowledge broad-coverage lexical resources; the SALMA – ABCLexicon. More fine-grained tag sets may be more appropriate for some tasks. The SALMA –Tag Set is a theory standard for encoding, which captures long-established traditional fine-grained Morphological features of Arabic, in a notation format intended to be compact yet transparent. The SALMA – Tagger has been used to lemmatize the 176-million words Arabic Internet Corpus. It has been proposed as a language-engineering toolkit for Arabic lexicography and for phonetically annotating the Qur’an by syllable and primary stress information, as well as, fine-grained Morphological tagging
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Open-source resources and standards for Arabic word structure Analysis : fine grained Morphological Analysis of Arabic text corpora
2011Co-Authors: Sawalha, Majdi Shaker SalemAbstract:Morphological analyzers are preprocessors for text Analysis. Many Text Analytics applications need them to perform their tasks. The aim of this thesis is to develop standards, tools and resources that widen the scope of Arabic word structure Analysis - particularly Morphological Analysis, to process Arabic text corpora of different domains, formats and genres, of both vowelized and non-vowelized text. We want to Morphologically tag our Arabic Corpus, but evaluation of existing Morphological analyzers has highlighted shortcomings and shown that more research is required. Tag-assignment is significantly more complex for Arabic than for many languages. The Morphological analyzer should add the appropriate linguistic information to each part or morpheme of the word (proclitic, prefix, stem, suffix and enclitic); in effect, instead of a tag for a word, we need a subtag for each part. Very fine-grained distinctions may cause problems for automatic morphosyntactic Analysis – particularly probabilistic taggers which require training data, if some words can change grammatical tag depending on function and context; on the other hand, finegrained distinctions may actually help to disambiguate other words in the local context. The SALMA – Tagger is a fine grained Morphological analyzer which is mainly depends on linguistic information extracted from traditional Arabic grammar books and prior knowledge broad-coverage lexical resources; the SALMA – ABCLexicon. More fine-grained tag sets may be more appropriate for some tasks. The SALMA –Tag Set is a theory standard for encoding, which captures long-established traditional fine-grained Morphological features of Arabic, in a notation format intended to be compact yet transparent. The SALMA – Tagger has been used to lemmatize the 176-million words Arabic Internet Corpus. It has been proposed as a language-engineering toolkit for Arabic lexicography and for phonetically annotating the Qur’an by syllable and primary stress information, as well as, fine-grained Morphological tagging.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Elizabeth Shane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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individual trabecula segmentation its based Morphological Analysis of microscale images of human tibial trabecular bone at limited spatial resolution
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2011Co-Authors: Elizabeth Shane, Donald J McmahonAbstract:Individual trabecula segmentation (ITS), a rigorous model-independent 3D Morphological Analysis, has been developed to assess trabecular plate and rod microstructure separately based on micro–computed tomographic (µCT) images. We examined the influence of the limited spatial resolution, noise, and artifact of high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) on ITS measurements of human tibial trabecular bone. In comparison with measurements from “gold standard” µCT images (25 µm), decreased spatial resolution (40, 60, and 80 µm) of µCT had minimal influence on the correlations of the scale of trabecular plates (ie, plate bone volume fraction, thickness, and surface area) and the orientation (ie, axial bone volume fraction) and structural type (ie, plate tissue fraction) of the trabecular network. ITS measurements of HR-pQCT images correlated significantly with those of µCT images at a similar voxel size (80 µm, r = 0.71–0.94); correlations were stronger for plate-related parameters, suggesting that measurements of trabecular rods are more subject to noise and artifact associated with HR-pQCT imaging technology. In comparison with measurements of “gold standard” µCT images, the percent absolute errors of HR-pQCT measurements such as axial and plate bone volume fraction, plate number and tissue fraction, and plate and rod thickness (3.5% to 10.3%) were comparable with those of bone volume fraction (9.3%). For both HR-pQCT and µCT images, measurements of the scale and junction densities of trabecular plates and orientation and structural type were strong and positive indicators of the elastic modulus of trabecular bone (r = 0.59–0.95). We conclude that ITS measurements of HR-pQCT images are highly reflective of trabecular bone microarchitecture from a biomechanical perspective. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
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individual trabeculae segmentation its based Morphological Analysis of high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography images detects abnormal trabecular plate and rod microarchitecture in premenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2010Co-Authors: Sherry X Liu, Adi Cohen, Joan M. Lappe, Elizabeth Shane, Donald J Mcmahon, Emily M Stein, Halley Rogers, Shannon L Kokolus, Perry T Yin, Robert R. ReckerAbstract:Idiopathic osteoporosis (IOP) in premenopausal women is a poorly understood entity in which otherwise healthy women have low-trauma fracture or very low bone mineral density (BMD). In this study, we applied individual trabeculae segmentation (ITS)–based Morphological Analysis to high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) images of the distal radius and distal tibia to gain greater insight into skeletal microarchitecture in premenopausal women with IOP. HR-pQCT scans were performed for 26 normal control individuals and 31 women with IOP. A cubic subvolume was extracted from the trabecular bone compartment and subjected to ITS-based Analysis. Three Young's moduli and three shear moduli were calculated by micro–finite element (µFE) Analysis. ITS-based Morphological Analysis of HR-pQCT images detected significantly decreased trabecular plate and rod bone volume fraction and number, decreased axial bone volume fraction in the longitudinal axis, increased rod length, and decreased rod-to-rod, plate-to-rod, and plate-to-plate junction densities at the distal radius and distal tibia in women with IOP. However, trabecular plate and rod thickness did not differ. A more rod-like trabecular microstructure was found in the distal radius, but not in the distal tibia. Most ITS measurements contributed significantly to the elastic moduli of trabecular bone independent of bone volume fraction (BV/TV). At a fixed BV/TV, plate-like trabeculae contributed positively to the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. The results suggest that ITS-based Morphological Analysis of HR-pQCT images is a sensitive and promising clinical tool for the investigation of trabecular bone microstructure in human studies of osteoporosis. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Eric Oneill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Morphological Analysis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells co cultured with ovarian cancer cells in 3d an oncogenic angiogenesis assay
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Xiao Wan, Phurit Bovornchutichai, Zhanfeng Cui, Eric OneillAbstract:Antiangiogenic therapy for cancer is a strategy targeted at tumour vasculature, often in combination with conventional cytotoxicity treatments. Animal testing is still the most common method used for evaluating the efficacy of new drugs but tissue-engineered in vitro models are becoming more acceptable for replacing and reducing the use of animals in anti-cancer drug screening. In this study, a 3D co-culture model of human endothelial cells and ovarian cancer cells was developed. This model has the potential to mimic the interactions between endothelial cells and ovarian cancer cells. The feasibility of applying this model in drug testing was explored here. The complex morphology of the co-culture system, which features development of both endothelial tubule-like structures and tumour structures, was analysed quantitatively by an image Analysis method. The co-culture morphology integrity was maintained for 10 days and the potential of the model for anti-cancer drug testing was evaluated using Paclitaxel and Cisplatin, two common anti-tumour drugs with different mechanisms of action. Both traditional cell viability assays and quantitative Morphological analyses were applied in the drug testing. Cisplatin proved a good example showing the advantages of Morphological Analysis of the co-culture model when compared with mono-culture of endothelial cells, which did not reveal an inhibitory effect of Cisplatin on the tubule-like endothelial structures. Thus, the tubule areas of the co-culture reflected the anti-angiogenesis potential of Cisplatin. In summary, in vitro cancer models can be developed using a tissue engineering approach to more closely mimic the characteristics of tumours in vivo. Combined with the image Analysis technique, this developed 3D co-culture angiogenesis model will provide more reproducible and reliably quantified results and reveal further information of the drug's effects on both tumour cell growth and tumour angiogenesis.
