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Michel Garenne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • implications of Mortality Transition for primary health care in rural south africa a population based surveillance study
    The Lancet, 2008
    Co-Authors: Michel Garenne, Benn Sartorius, Mark A Collinson, Stephen Tollman, Kathleen Kahn, Samuel J Clark
    Abstract:

    Summary Background In southern Africa, a substantial health Transition is underway, with the heavy burden of chronic infectious illness (HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis) paralleled by the growing threat of non-communicable diseases. We investigated the extent and nature of this health Transition and considered the implications for primary health care. Methods Health and sociodemographic surveillance started in the Agincourt subdistrict, rural South Africa, in 1992. In a population of 70 000, deaths (n=6153) were rigorously monitored with a validated verbal autopsy instrument to establish probable cause. We used age-standardised analyses to investigate the dynamics of the Mortality Transition by comparing the period 2002–05 with 1992–94. Findings Mortality from chronic non-communicable disease ranked highest in adults aged 50 years and older in 1992–94 (41% of deaths [123/298]), whereas acute diarrhoea and malnutrition accounted for 37% of deaths (59/158) in children younger than 5 years. Since then, all-cause Mortality increased substantially (risk ratio 1·87 [95% CI 1·73–2·03]; p vs 1·31 [1·12–1·55]; p=0·0003). Interpretation Mortality from non-communicable disease remains prominent despite the sustained increase in deaths from chronic infectious disease. The implications for primary health-care systems are substantial, with integrated chronic care based on scaled-up delivery of antiretroviral therapy needed to address this expanding burden. Funding The Wellcome Trust, UK; University of the Witwatersrand, Medical Research Council, and Anglo American and De Beers Chairman's Fund, South Africa; the European Union; Andrew W Mellon Foundation, Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, and National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, USA.

Stephen Tollman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • implications of Mortality Transition for primary health care in rural south africa a population based surveillance study
    The Lancet, 2008
    Co-Authors: Michel Garenne, Benn Sartorius, Mark A Collinson, Stephen Tollman, Kathleen Kahn, Samuel J Clark
    Abstract:

    Summary Background In southern Africa, a substantial health Transition is underway, with the heavy burden of chronic infectious illness (HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis) paralleled by the growing threat of non-communicable diseases. We investigated the extent and nature of this health Transition and considered the implications for primary health care. Methods Health and sociodemographic surveillance started in the Agincourt subdistrict, rural South Africa, in 1992. In a population of 70 000, deaths (n=6153) were rigorously monitored with a validated verbal autopsy instrument to establish probable cause. We used age-standardised analyses to investigate the dynamics of the Mortality Transition by comparing the period 2002–05 with 1992–94. Findings Mortality from chronic non-communicable disease ranked highest in adults aged 50 years and older in 1992–94 (41% of deaths [123/298]), whereas acute diarrhoea and malnutrition accounted for 37% of deaths (59/158) in children younger than 5 years. Since then, all-cause Mortality increased substantially (risk ratio 1·87 [95% CI 1·73–2·03]; p vs 1·31 [1·12–1·55]; p=0·0003). Interpretation Mortality from non-communicable disease remains prominent despite the sustained increase in deaths from chronic infectious disease. The implications for primary health-care systems are substantial, with integrated chronic care based on scaled-up delivery of antiretroviral therapy needed to address this expanding burden. Funding The Wellcome Trust, UK; University of the Witwatersrand, Medical Research Council, and Anglo American and De Beers Chairman's Fund, South Africa; the European Union; Andrew W Mellon Foundation, Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, and National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, USA.

Kathleen Kahn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • implications of Mortality Transition for primary health care in rural south africa a population based surveillance study
    The Lancet, 2008
    Co-Authors: Michel Garenne, Benn Sartorius, Mark A Collinson, Stephen Tollman, Kathleen Kahn, Samuel J Clark
    Abstract:

    Summary Background In southern Africa, a substantial health Transition is underway, with the heavy burden of chronic infectious illness (HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis) paralleled by the growing threat of non-communicable diseases. We investigated the extent and nature of this health Transition and considered the implications for primary health care. Methods Health and sociodemographic surveillance started in the Agincourt subdistrict, rural South Africa, in 1992. In a population of 70 000, deaths (n=6153) were rigorously monitored with a validated verbal autopsy instrument to establish probable cause. We used age-standardised analyses to investigate the dynamics of the Mortality Transition by comparing the period 2002–05 with 1992–94. Findings Mortality from chronic non-communicable disease ranked highest in adults aged 50 years and older in 1992–94 (41% of deaths [123/298]), whereas acute diarrhoea and malnutrition accounted for 37% of deaths (59/158) in children younger than 5 years. Since then, all-cause Mortality increased substantially (risk ratio 1·87 [95% CI 1·73–2·03]; p vs 1·31 [1·12–1·55]; p=0·0003). Interpretation Mortality from non-communicable disease remains prominent despite the sustained increase in deaths from chronic infectious disease. The implications for primary health-care systems are substantial, with integrated chronic care based on scaled-up delivery of antiretroviral therapy needed to address this expanding burden. Funding The Wellcome Trust, UK; University of the Witwatersrand, Medical Research Council, and Anglo American and De Beers Chairman's Fund, South Africa; the European Union; Andrew W Mellon Foundation, Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, and National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, USA.

Samuel J Clark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • implications of Mortality Transition for primary health care in rural south africa a population based surveillance study
    The Lancet, 2008
    Co-Authors: Michel Garenne, Benn Sartorius, Mark A Collinson, Stephen Tollman, Kathleen Kahn, Samuel J Clark
    Abstract:

    Summary Background In southern Africa, a substantial health Transition is underway, with the heavy burden of chronic infectious illness (HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis) paralleled by the growing threat of non-communicable diseases. We investigated the extent and nature of this health Transition and considered the implications for primary health care. Methods Health and sociodemographic surveillance started in the Agincourt subdistrict, rural South Africa, in 1992. In a population of 70 000, deaths (n=6153) were rigorously monitored with a validated verbal autopsy instrument to establish probable cause. We used age-standardised analyses to investigate the dynamics of the Mortality Transition by comparing the period 2002–05 with 1992–94. Findings Mortality from chronic non-communicable disease ranked highest in adults aged 50 years and older in 1992–94 (41% of deaths [123/298]), whereas acute diarrhoea and malnutrition accounted for 37% of deaths (59/158) in children younger than 5 years. Since then, all-cause Mortality increased substantially (risk ratio 1·87 [95% CI 1·73–2·03]; p vs 1·31 [1·12–1·55]; p=0·0003). Interpretation Mortality from non-communicable disease remains prominent despite the sustained increase in deaths from chronic infectious disease. The implications for primary health-care systems are substantial, with integrated chronic care based on scaled-up delivery of antiretroviral therapy needed to address this expanding burden. Funding The Wellcome Trust, UK; University of the Witwatersrand, Medical Research Council, and Anglo American and De Beers Chairman's Fund, South Africa; the European Union; Andrew W Mellon Foundation, Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, and National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, USA.

Miguel Sanchezromero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mortality Transition and differential incentives for early retirement
    Journal of Economic Theory, 2012
    Co-Authors: Paul S Lau, Miguel Sanchezromero
    Abstract:

    Existing studies investigating the effect of Mortality decline on retirement age usually specify the human Mortality pattern in a parametric way and consider the derivative of optimal retirement age with respect to a change in the survival parameter. However, a survival parameter change affects the Mortality rates at different ages simultaneously. Motivated by the stylized fact that Mortality decline affects primarily younger people in the early phase of a Mortality Transition but mainly older people in the later phase, we study the more fundamental question of how a Mortality change at an arbitrary age affects optimal retirement age. By using the Volterra derivative for a functional, we show that a Mortality decline at an older age unambiguously leads to a later retirement age, but a Mortality decline at a younger age may lead to earlier retirement because of the substantial increase in the individual's expected lifetime human wealth.