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Jutta Heckhausen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Invited Commentary: Societal Constraints and Individual Agency: Navigating Educational Transitions for Upward Mobility
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2020Co-Authors: Jutta HeckhausenAbstract:This article discusses three empirical studies of the role of individual agency in educational transitions in the conceptual framework of the Motivational Theory of lifespan development that integrates life-course sociological and life-span psychological perspectives. The educational systems in the U.K., the US, and Switzerland set up specific opportunities and constraints in their primary to secondary and secondary to tertiary educational tracks. Individual agency plays out in different ways in these country- and transition-specific fields of action and accordingly enables or hinders individual youths’ upward mobility. Early transitions into segregated secondary school systems are dominated by the influence of teachers and parents and tend to maintain social inequality. Later transitions into tertiary education are more open to individual agency that can substantially contribute to overcoming social inequalities in college admission. Finally, once enrolled in university, students have comparatively better opportunities to overcome disadvantages of their parents’ socio-economic status and educational background.
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Motivational Theory of lifespan development
2019Co-Authors: Jacob Shane, Jutta HeckhausenAbstract:Abstract This chapter outlines how the Motivational Theory of lifespan development can be applied to individuals functioning in the work domain. We begin with an overview of the Theory, including a discussion of central tenets and propositions. We then apply the Theory to aspects of an individual’s work life, including: How work and career goals function as developmental goal pursuits that structure and direct individuals’ development; how control capacity and trajectories differ across career fields and career stages; how individuals organize their control strivings to capitalize on the opportunities provided within a career field and during a career stage; and the functional advantage and adaptive criteria of specific control strategies. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
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control strategies for managing physical health problems in old age evidence for the Motivational Theory of life span development
2016Co-Authors: Meaghan A Barlow, Jutta Heckhausen, Carsten Wrosch, Richard SchulzAbstract:This chapter addresses how older adults manage the occurrence of physical health threats. Based on the Motivational Theory of life-span development (Heckhausen, Wrosch, & Schulz, 2010), we show how an opportunity-adjusted use of control strategies prevents older adults from experiencing the adverse psychological and physical consequences of confronting age-related declines in their physical health. We begin this chapter by outlining some of the basic theoretical assumptions of the Motivational Theory of life-span development, proposing a model for managing physical health threats in older adulthood. Next, we review the empirical literature on the effects of using control strategies for addressing physical health declines in the elderly. We finally suggest promising avenues for future research.
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Downward social comparison and subjective well-being in late life: the moderating role of perceived control.
Aging & mental health, 2012Co-Authors: Tara L. Stewart, Judith G. Chipperfield, Joelle C. Ruthig, Jutta HeckhausenAbstract:Objective: Drawing from Heckhausen and Schulz's Motivational Theory of Life-span Development, this study examined perceived control as a moderator of the protective relationship between downward social comparison and subjective well-being among older adults. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults (N = 97, 63% female, ages 79–97) were interviewed in their own homes at three time-points over a nine-year period. Interviews assessed older adults’ perceived control over daily tasks, their use of downward social comparison in response to task restriction, and their subjective well-being. Results: Regression analyses yielded a significant interaction between downward social comparison and perceived control for three subjective well-being outcomes: life satisfaction, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms. Follow-up analyses revealed that downward social comparison was associated with greater subjective well-being at low levels of perceived control; but was unrelated to subjective well-being at high levels o...
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a Motivational Theory of life span development
Psychological Review, 2010Co-Authors: Jutta Heckhausen, Carsten Wrosch, Richard SchulzAbstract:This article had four goals. First, the authors identified a set of general challenges and questions that a life-span Theory of development should address. Second, they presented a comprehensive account of their Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development. They integrated the model of optimization in primary and secondary control and the action-phase model of developmental regulation with their original life-span Theory of control to present a comprehensive Theory of development. Third, they reviewed the relevant empirical literature testing key propositions of the Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development. Finally, because the conceptual reach of their Theory goes far beyond the current empirical base, they pointed out areas that deserve further and more focused empirical inquiry.
Paul R Pintrich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an achievement goal Theory perspective on issues in motivation terminology Theory and research
Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2000Co-Authors: Paul R PintrichAbstract:There are a number of important issues raised by Murphy and Alexander in the lead article of this issue. In this response, four general issues are discussed in light of current research and achievement goal Theory. The four issues include: (1) the general definition and theoretical clarity of Motivational constructs, (2) the accessibility and consciousness of Motivational beliefs, (3) the interdependent or independent nature of the relations between Motivational constructs, and (4) the stability of motivation over time, domains, and contexts. These issues are considered in the context of current achievement goal Theory research with the hope that the discussion will help to clarify the four issues for both Motivational Theory and research in general as well as for specific theoretical and empirical efforts within goal Theory research.
Richard Schulz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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control strategies for managing physical health problems in old age evidence for the Motivational Theory of life span development
2016Co-Authors: Meaghan A Barlow, Jutta Heckhausen, Carsten Wrosch, Richard SchulzAbstract:This chapter addresses how older adults manage the occurrence of physical health threats. Based on the Motivational Theory of life-span development (Heckhausen, Wrosch, & Schulz, 2010), we show how an opportunity-adjusted use of control strategies prevents older adults from experiencing the adverse psychological and physical consequences of confronting age-related declines in their physical health. We begin this chapter by outlining some of the basic theoretical assumptions of the Motivational Theory of life-span development, proposing a model for managing physical health threats in older adulthood. Next, we review the empirical literature on the effects of using control strategies for addressing physical health declines in the elderly. We finally suggest promising avenues for future research.
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a Motivational Theory of life span development
Psychological Review, 2010Co-Authors: Jutta Heckhausen, Carsten Wrosch, Richard SchulzAbstract:This article had four goals. First, the authors identified a set of general challenges and questions that a life-span Theory of development should address. Second, they presented a comprehensive account of their Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development. They integrated the model of optimization in primary and secondary control and the action-phase model of developmental regulation with their original life-span Theory of control to present a comprehensive Theory of development. Third, they reviewed the relevant empirical literature testing key propositions of the Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development. Finally, because the conceptual reach of their Theory goes far beyond the current empirical base, they pointed out areas that deserve further and more focused empirical inquiry.
Michael B Arthur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Motivational effects of charismatic leadership a self concept based Theory
Organization Science, 1993Co-Authors: Boas Shamir, Robert J House, Michael B ArthurAbstract:The empirical literature on charismatic or transformational leadership demonstrates that such leadership has profound effects on followers. However, while several versions of charismatic leadership Theory predict such effects, none of them explains the process by which these effects are achieved. In this paper we seek to advance leadership Theory by addressing this fundamental problem. We offer a self-concept based Motivational Theory to explain the process by which charismatic leader behaviors cause profound transformational effects on followers. The Theory presents the argument that charismatic leadership has its effects by strongly engaging followers' self-concepts in the interest of the mission articulated by the leader. We derive from this Theory testable propositions about a the behavior of charismatic leaders and their effects on followers, b the role of followers' values and orientations in the charismatic relationship, and c some of the organizational conditions that favor the emergence and effectiveness of charismatic leaders.
Boas Shamir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Motivational effects of charismatic leadership a self concept based Theory
Organization Science, 1993Co-Authors: Boas Shamir, Robert J House, Michael B ArthurAbstract:The empirical literature on charismatic or transformational leadership demonstrates that such leadership has profound effects on followers. However, while several versions of charismatic leadership Theory predict such effects, none of them explains the process by which these effects are achieved. In this paper we seek to advance leadership Theory by addressing this fundamental problem. We offer a self-concept based Motivational Theory to explain the process by which charismatic leader behaviors cause profound transformational effects on followers. The Theory presents the argument that charismatic leadership has its effects by strongly engaging followers' self-concepts in the interest of the mission articulated by the leader. We derive from this Theory testable propositions about a the behavior of charismatic leaders and their effects on followers, b the role of followers' values and orientations in the charismatic relationship, and c some of the organizational conditions that favor the emergence and effectiveness of charismatic leaders.