The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David J. Hess - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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publics as threats integrating science and technology Studies and social Movement Studies
Science As Culture, 2015Co-Authors: David J. HessAbstract:AbstractWhen government and industry elites respond to or anticipate public acceptance issues having to do with industrial innovation, they construct models of the public that have variously been described as imaginaries, discourses, and frames. Because publics are sometimes mobilized in opposition to new technologies, opportunities emerge for bridging science and technology Studies and social Movement Studies. Methodological and conceptual challenges for such syntheses are discussed. First, it is important to disaggregate categories of the public, industrial and political elites, and imaginaries (e.g. as threats, sources of innovation, or legitimate concerns). One solution is to use flexible typologies of the relations, such as industrial opposition Movements, justice Movements, alternative industrial Movements, and regime preservation Movements. Second, there is sometimes a tendency for the cultural analysis of imaginaries or discourses to utilize all-encompassing cultural logics and culturalism and to ...
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technology and product oriented Movements approximating social Movement Studies and science and technology Studies
Science Technology & Human Values, 2005Co-Authors: David J. HessAbstract:Technology- and product-oriented Movements (TPMs) are mobilizations of civil society organizations that generally include alliances with private-sector firms, for which the target of social change is support for an alternative technology and/or product, as well as the policies with which they are associated. TPMs generally involve “private-sector symbiosis,” that is, a mixture of advocacy organizations/networks and private-sector firms. Case Studies of nutritional therapeutics, wind energy, and open-source software are used to explore the tendency for large corporations in established industries to incorporate the products and technologies advocated by the TPM. As the incorporation process proceeds, the alternative technologies undergo design transformations that make them more compatible with existing products and technological systems. As the technological/product field undergoes diversification, “object conflicts” erupt over a range of design possibilities, from those advocated by the more social movem...
Raphael Schlembach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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advances in social Movement theory since the global financial crisis
European Journal of Social Theory, 2018Co-Authors: Eugene Nulman, Raphael SchlembachAbstract:The social Movement literature in Western Europe and North America has oriented much of its theoretical work towards micro-, meso-, and macro-level examinations of its subject of study but has rarely integrated these levels of analysis. This review article broadly documents the leading theoretical perspectives on social Movements, while highlighting the contributions made in recent years with regard to the wave of protests across the globe – typified by the Occupy Movement and the ‘Arab Spring’ – and grievances that are relatively novel in qualitative or quantitative form such as austerity, precarity, and a sense of democratic deficiency. While these novel social processes have invigorated the specialized arena of ‘social Movement Studies’ and generated a resurgence of work on social Movements beyond the field, this article argues for the need to interconnect levels of analysis in order to develop a more insightful account of contemporary contentious politics.
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negation refusal and co optation the frankfurt school and social Movement theory
Sociology Compass, 2015Co-Authors: Raphael SchlembachAbstract:This article outlines how the critical theory of the Frankfurt School has influenced some key debates within social Movement Studies. The impact of Jurgen Habermas's sociology is widely acknowledged, especially with regards to our understanding of ‘new social Movements'. There have however also been several lesser-known attempts to bring the concerns of Theodor W. Adorno's negative dialectics and Herbert Marcuse's critique of one-dimensional society to bear onto social Movement research. For this reason it makes sense to outline the relevance of the ‘first generation' members of the Frankfurt School - something that is often missing from the most authoritative overviews and textbooks on social Movement theory. Presenting a body of literature that often appears as fragmented or only on the periphery of social Movement theory in this way reveals a number of common themes, such as negation, refusal and co-optation. To this end, the article provides a comprehensive theoretical overview of the multiple ways of how critical theory has made sense of social Movements and argues that its concerns can be brought into a rewarding dialogue with contemporary social Movement Studies.
Gemma Edwards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Habermas and Social Movement Theory
Sociology Compass, 2009Co-Authors: Gemma EdwardsAbstract:This article outlines Habermas’ social Movement–related ideas and reviews the critical reception of them from within critical theory and social Movement Studies more widely. Criticism of Habermas’ explanation of the new social Movements has been wide-ranging and persuasive. There have however been some contemporary critical engagements with Habermas’ ideas within social Movement Studies. The direction they take suggests (1) the concept of ‘colonisation’ finds political relevance in the twenty-first century context of global capitalism and resistance to neo-liberal policies; (2) that recent engagements with Habermas loosely unite in a concern with the ‘applied turn’ in critical theory; and (3) there is some potential for aspects of Habermas’ theory to be used in ways that make him capable of engaging in dialogue with the current concerns of social Movement theory.
Mathieu Boulanger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interaction between the oculomotor and postural systems during a dual task compensatory reductions in head sway following visually induced postural perturbations promote the production of accurate double step saccades in standing human adults
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Mathieu Boulanger, Guillaume Giraudet, Jocelyn FaubertAbstract:Humans routinely scan their environment for useful information using saccadic eye Movements and/or coordinated Movements of the eyes and other body segments such the head and the torso. Most previous eye Movement Studies were conducted with seated subject and showed that single saccades and sequences of saccades (e.g. double-step saccades) made to briefly flashed stimuli were equally accurate and precise. As one can easily appreciate, most gaze shifts performed daily by a given person are not produced from a seated position, but rather from a standing position either as subjects perform an action from an upright stance or as they walk from one place to another. In the experiments presented here, we developed a new dual-task paradigm in order to study the interaction between the gaze control system and the postural system. Healthy adults (n = 12) were required to both maintain balance and produce accurate single-step and double-step eye saccades from a standing position. Visually-induced changes in head sway were evoked using wide-field background stimuli that either moved in the mediolateral direction or in the anteroposterior direction. We found that, as in the seated condition, single- and double-step saccades were very precise and accurate when made from a standing position, but that a tighter control of head sway was necessary in the more complex double-step saccades condition for equivalent results to be obtained. Our perturbation results support the “common goal” hypothesis that state that if necessary, as was the case during the more complex oculomotor task, context-dependent modulations of the postural system can be triggered to reduced instability and therefore support the accomplishment of a suprapostural goal.
Stefan Van Der Stigchel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of similarity non spatial features modulate obstacle avoidance
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Rudmer Menger, Chris H Dijkerman, Stefan Van Der StigchelAbstract:The introduction of non-target objects into a workspace leads to temporal and spatial adjustments of reaching trajectories towards a target. If the non-target is obstructing the path of the hand towards the target, the reach is adjusted such that collision with the non-target, or obstacle, is avoided. Little is known about the influence of features which are irrelevant for the execution of the Movement on avoidance Movements, like color similarity between target and non-target objects. In eye Movement Studies the similarity of non-targets has been revealed to influence oculomotor competition. Because of the tight neural and behavioral coupling between the gaze and reaching system, our aim was to determine the contribution of similarity between target and non-target to avoidance Movements. We performed 2 experiments in which participants had to reach to grasp a target object while a non-target was present in the workspace. These non-targets could be either similar or dissimilar in color to the target. The results indicate that the non-spatial feature similarity can further modify the avoidance response and therefore further modify the spatial path of the reach. Indeed, we find that dissimilar pairs have a stronger effect on reaching-to-grasp Movements than similar pairs. This effect was most pronounced when the non-target was on the outside of the reaching hand, where it served as more of an obstacle to the trailing arm. We propose that the increased capture of attention by the dissimilar obstacle is responsible for the more robust avoidance response.
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a review on eye Movement Studies in childhood and adolescent psychiatry
Brain and Cognition, 2008Co-Authors: Nanda Rommelse, Stefan Van Der Stigchel, Joseph A SergeantAbstract:The neural substrates of eye Movement measures are largely known. Therefore, measurement of eye Movements in psychiatric disorders may provide insight into the underlying neuropathology of these disorders. Visually guided saccades, antisaccades, memory guided saccades, and smooth pursuit eye Movements will be reviewed in various childhood psychiatric disorders. The four aims of this review are (1) to give a thorough overview of eye Movement Studies in a wide array of psychiatric disorders occurring during childhood and adolescence (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional deviant disorder and conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorders, reading disorder, childhood-onset schizophrenia, Tourette’s syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder, and anxiety and depression), (2) to discuss the specificity and overlap of eye Movement findings across disorders and paradigms, (3) to discuss the developmental aspects of eye Movement abnormalities in childhood and adolescence psychiatric disorders, and (4) to present suggestions for future research. In order to make this review of interest to a broad audience, attention will be given to the clinical manifestation of the disorders and the theoretical background of the eye Movement paradigms.