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Johannes A.m. Kuipers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • fluidised bed membrane Reactor for ultrapure hydrogen production via methane steam reforming experimental demonstration and model validation
    Chemical Engineering Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: Charudatta S. Patil, Martin Van Sint Annaland, Johannes A.m. Kuipers
    Abstract:

    Hydrogen is emerging as a future alternative for mobile and stationary energy carriers in addition to its use in chemical and petrochemical applications. A novel Multifunctional Reactor concept has been developed for the production of ultrapure hydrogen View the MathML source from light hydrocarbons such as methane for online use in downstream polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. A high degree of process intensification can be achieved by integrating perm-selective hydrogen membranes for selective hydrogen removal to shift the methane steam reforming and water–gas-shift equilibriums in the favourable direction and perm-selective oxygen membranes for selective oxygen addition to supply the required reaction energy via partial oxidation of part of the methane feed and enable pure CO2 capture without costly post-treatment. This can be achieved in a proposed novel Multifunctional bi-membrane bi-section fluidised bed Reactor [Patil, C.S., van Sint Annaland, M., Kuipers, J.A.M., 2005. Design of a novel autothermal membrane assisted fluidized bed Reactor for the production of ultrapure hydrogen from methane. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 44, 9502–9512]. In this paper, an experimental proof of principle for the steam reforming/water–gas-shift section of the proposed novel fluidised bed membrane Reactor is presented. A fluidised bed membrane Reactor for steam reforming of methane/water–gas-shift on a commercial noble metal-based catalyst has been designed and constructed using 10 H2 perm-selective Pd membranes for a fuel cell power output in the range of 50–100 W. It has been experimentally demonstrated that by the insertion of the membranes in the fluidised bed, the thermodynamic equilibrium constraints can indeed be overcome, i.e., increased CH4 conversion, decreased CO selectivity and higher product yield (H2 produced/CH4 reacted). Experiments at different superficial gas velocities and also at different temperatures and pressures (carried out in the regime without kinetic limitations) revealed enhanced Reactor performance at higher temperatures View the MathML source and pressures (3–4 bar). With a phenomenological two-phase Reactor model for the fluidised bed membrane Reactor, incorporating a separately developed lumped flux expression for the H2 permeation rate through the used Pd-based membranes, the measured data from the fluidised bed membrane Reactor could be well described, provided that axial gas back-mixing in the membrane-assisted fluidised bed Reactor is negligible. This indicates that the membrane Reactor behaviour approached that of an ideal isothermal plug flow Reactor with maximum H2 permeation.

  • Fluidised bed membrane Reactor for ultrapure hydrogen production via methane steam reforming: Experimental demonstration and model validation
    Chemical Engineering Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: Charudatta S. Patil, Martin Van Sint Annaland, Johannes A.m. Kuipers
    Abstract:

    Hydrogen is emerging as a future alternative for mobile and stationary energy carriers in addition to its use in chemical and petrochemical applications. A novel Multifunctional Reactor concept has been developed for the production of ultrapure hydrogen (< 10 ppm CO) from light hydrocarbons such as methane for online use in downstream polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. A high degree of process intensification can be achieved by integrating perm-selective hydrogen membranes for selective hydrogen removal to shift the methane steam reforming and water-gas-shift equilibriums in the favourable direction and perm-selective oxygen membranes for selective oxygen addition to supply the required reaction energy via partial oxidation of part of the methane feed and enable pure CO2 capture without costly post-treatment. This can be achieved in a proposed novel Multifunctional bi-membrane bi-section fluidised bed Reactor [Patil, C.S., van Sint Annaland, M., Kuipers, J.A.M., 2005. Design of a novel autothermal membrane assisted fluidized bed Reactor for the production of ultrapure hydrogen from methane. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 44, 9502-9512]. In this paper, an experimental proof of principle for the steam reforming/water-gas-shift section of the proposed novel fluidised bed membrane Reactor is presented. A fluidised bed membrane Reactor for steam reforming of methane/water-gas-shift on a commercial noble metal-based catalyst has been designed and constructed using 10 H2 perm-selective Pd membranes for a fuel cell power output in the range of 50-100 W. It has been experimentally demonstrated that by the insertion of the membranes in the fluidised bed, the thermodynamic equilibrium constraints can indeed be overcome, i.e., increased CH4 conversion, decreased CO selectivity and higher product yield (H2 produced/CH4 reacted). Experiments at different superficial gas velocities and also at different temperatures and pressures (carried out in the regime without kinetic limitations) revealed enhanced Reactor performance at higher temperatures (650 {ring operator} C) and pressures (3-4 bar). With a phenomenological two-phase Reactor model for the fluidised bed membrane Reactor, incorporating a separately developed lumped flux expression for the H2 permeation rate through the used Pd-based membranes, the measured data from the fluidised bed membrane Reactor could be well described, provided that axial gas back-mixing in the membrane-assisted fluidised bed Reactor is negligible. This indicates that the membrane Reactor behaviour approached that of an ideal isothermal plug flow Reactor with maximum H2 permeation. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Charudatta S. Patil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • fluidised bed membrane Reactor for ultrapure hydrogen production via methane steam reforming experimental demonstration and model validation
    Chemical Engineering Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: Charudatta S. Patil, Martin Van Sint Annaland, Johannes A.m. Kuipers
    Abstract:

    Hydrogen is emerging as a future alternative for mobile and stationary energy carriers in addition to its use in chemical and petrochemical applications. A novel Multifunctional Reactor concept has been developed for the production of ultrapure hydrogen View the MathML source from light hydrocarbons such as methane for online use in downstream polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. A high degree of process intensification can be achieved by integrating perm-selective hydrogen membranes for selective hydrogen removal to shift the methane steam reforming and water–gas-shift equilibriums in the favourable direction and perm-selective oxygen membranes for selective oxygen addition to supply the required reaction energy via partial oxidation of part of the methane feed and enable pure CO2 capture without costly post-treatment. This can be achieved in a proposed novel Multifunctional bi-membrane bi-section fluidised bed Reactor [Patil, C.S., van Sint Annaland, M., Kuipers, J.A.M., 2005. Design of a novel autothermal membrane assisted fluidized bed Reactor for the production of ultrapure hydrogen from methane. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 44, 9502–9512]. In this paper, an experimental proof of principle for the steam reforming/water–gas-shift section of the proposed novel fluidised bed membrane Reactor is presented. A fluidised bed membrane Reactor for steam reforming of methane/water–gas-shift on a commercial noble metal-based catalyst has been designed and constructed using 10 H2 perm-selective Pd membranes for a fuel cell power output in the range of 50–100 W. It has been experimentally demonstrated that by the insertion of the membranes in the fluidised bed, the thermodynamic equilibrium constraints can indeed be overcome, i.e., increased CH4 conversion, decreased CO selectivity and higher product yield (H2 produced/CH4 reacted). Experiments at different superficial gas velocities and also at different temperatures and pressures (carried out in the regime without kinetic limitations) revealed enhanced Reactor performance at higher temperatures View the MathML source and pressures (3–4 bar). With a phenomenological two-phase Reactor model for the fluidised bed membrane Reactor, incorporating a separately developed lumped flux expression for the H2 permeation rate through the used Pd-based membranes, the measured data from the fluidised bed membrane Reactor could be well described, provided that axial gas back-mixing in the membrane-assisted fluidised bed Reactor is negligible. This indicates that the membrane Reactor behaviour approached that of an ideal isothermal plug flow Reactor with maximum H2 permeation.

  • Fluidised bed membrane Reactor for ultrapure hydrogen production via methane steam reforming: Experimental demonstration and model validation
    Chemical Engineering Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: Charudatta S. Patil, Martin Van Sint Annaland, Johannes A.m. Kuipers
    Abstract:

    Hydrogen is emerging as a future alternative for mobile and stationary energy carriers in addition to its use in chemical and petrochemical applications. A novel Multifunctional Reactor concept has been developed for the production of ultrapure hydrogen (< 10 ppm CO) from light hydrocarbons such as methane for online use in downstream polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. A high degree of process intensification can be achieved by integrating perm-selective hydrogen membranes for selective hydrogen removal to shift the methane steam reforming and water-gas-shift equilibriums in the favourable direction and perm-selective oxygen membranes for selective oxygen addition to supply the required reaction energy via partial oxidation of part of the methane feed and enable pure CO2 capture without costly post-treatment. This can be achieved in a proposed novel Multifunctional bi-membrane bi-section fluidised bed Reactor [Patil, C.S., van Sint Annaland, M., Kuipers, J.A.M., 2005. Design of a novel autothermal membrane assisted fluidized bed Reactor for the production of ultrapure hydrogen from methane. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 44, 9502-9512]. In this paper, an experimental proof of principle for the steam reforming/water-gas-shift section of the proposed novel fluidised bed membrane Reactor is presented. A fluidised bed membrane Reactor for steam reforming of methane/water-gas-shift on a commercial noble metal-based catalyst has been designed and constructed using 10 H2 perm-selective Pd membranes for a fuel cell power output in the range of 50-100 W. It has been experimentally demonstrated that by the insertion of the membranes in the fluidised bed, the thermodynamic equilibrium constraints can indeed be overcome, i.e., increased CH4 conversion, decreased CO selectivity and higher product yield (H2 produced/CH4 reacted). Experiments at different superficial gas velocities and also at different temperatures and pressures (carried out in the regime without kinetic limitations) revealed enhanced Reactor performance at higher temperatures (650 {ring operator} C) and pressures (3-4 bar). With a phenomenological two-phase Reactor model for the fluidised bed membrane Reactor, incorporating a separately developed lumped flux expression for the H2 permeation rate through the used Pd-based membranes, the measured data from the fluidised bed membrane Reactor could be well described, provided that axial gas back-mixing in the membrane-assisted fluidised bed Reactor is negligible. This indicates that the membrane Reactor behaviour approached that of an ideal isothermal plug flow Reactor with maximum H2 permeation. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Martin Van Sint Annaland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • fluidised bed membrane Reactor for ultrapure hydrogen production via methane steam reforming experimental demonstration and model validation
    Chemical Engineering Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: Charudatta S. Patil, Martin Van Sint Annaland, Johannes A.m. Kuipers
    Abstract:

    Hydrogen is emerging as a future alternative for mobile and stationary energy carriers in addition to its use in chemical and petrochemical applications. A novel Multifunctional Reactor concept has been developed for the production of ultrapure hydrogen View the MathML source from light hydrocarbons such as methane for online use in downstream polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. A high degree of process intensification can be achieved by integrating perm-selective hydrogen membranes for selective hydrogen removal to shift the methane steam reforming and water–gas-shift equilibriums in the favourable direction and perm-selective oxygen membranes for selective oxygen addition to supply the required reaction energy via partial oxidation of part of the methane feed and enable pure CO2 capture without costly post-treatment. This can be achieved in a proposed novel Multifunctional bi-membrane bi-section fluidised bed Reactor [Patil, C.S., van Sint Annaland, M., Kuipers, J.A.M., 2005. Design of a novel autothermal membrane assisted fluidized bed Reactor for the production of ultrapure hydrogen from methane. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 44, 9502–9512]. In this paper, an experimental proof of principle for the steam reforming/water–gas-shift section of the proposed novel fluidised bed membrane Reactor is presented. A fluidised bed membrane Reactor for steam reforming of methane/water–gas-shift on a commercial noble metal-based catalyst has been designed and constructed using 10 H2 perm-selective Pd membranes for a fuel cell power output in the range of 50–100 W. It has been experimentally demonstrated that by the insertion of the membranes in the fluidised bed, the thermodynamic equilibrium constraints can indeed be overcome, i.e., increased CH4 conversion, decreased CO selectivity and higher product yield (H2 produced/CH4 reacted). Experiments at different superficial gas velocities and also at different temperatures and pressures (carried out in the regime without kinetic limitations) revealed enhanced Reactor performance at higher temperatures View the MathML source and pressures (3–4 bar). With a phenomenological two-phase Reactor model for the fluidised bed membrane Reactor, incorporating a separately developed lumped flux expression for the H2 permeation rate through the used Pd-based membranes, the measured data from the fluidised bed membrane Reactor could be well described, provided that axial gas back-mixing in the membrane-assisted fluidised bed Reactor is negligible. This indicates that the membrane Reactor behaviour approached that of an ideal isothermal plug flow Reactor with maximum H2 permeation.

  • Fluidised bed membrane Reactor for ultrapure hydrogen production via methane steam reforming: Experimental demonstration and model validation
    Chemical Engineering Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: Charudatta S. Patil, Martin Van Sint Annaland, Johannes A.m. Kuipers
    Abstract:

    Hydrogen is emerging as a future alternative for mobile and stationary energy carriers in addition to its use in chemical and petrochemical applications. A novel Multifunctional Reactor concept has been developed for the production of ultrapure hydrogen (< 10 ppm CO) from light hydrocarbons such as methane for online use in downstream polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. A high degree of process intensification can be achieved by integrating perm-selective hydrogen membranes for selective hydrogen removal to shift the methane steam reforming and water-gas-shift equilibriums in the favourable direction and perm-selective oxygen membranes for selective oxygen addition to supply the required reaction energy via partial oxidation of part of the methane feed and enable pure CO2 capture without costly post-treatment. This can be achieved in a proposed novel Multifunctional bi-membrane bi-section fluidised bed Reactor [Patil, C.S., van Sint Annaland, M., Kuipers, J.A.M., 2005. Design of a novel autothermal membrane assisted fluidized bed Reactor for the production of ultrapure hydrogen from methane. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 44, 9502-9512]. In this paper, an experimental proof of principle for the steam reforming/water-gas-shift section of the proposed novel fluidised bed membrane Reactor is presented. A fluidised bed membrane Reactor for steam reforming of methane/water-gas-shift on a commercial noble metal-based catalyst has been designed and constructed using 10 H2 perm-selective Pd membranes for a fuel cell power output in the range of 50-100 W. It has been experimentally demonstrated that by the insertion of the membranes in the fluidised bed, the thermodynamic equilibrium constraints can indeed be overcome, i.e., increased CH4 conversion, decreased CO selectivity and higher product yield (H2 produced/CH4 reacted). Experiments at different superficial gas velocities and also at different temperatures and pressures (carried out in the regime without kinetic limitations) revealed enhanced Reactor performance at higher temperatures (650 {ring operator} C) and pressures (3-4 bar). With a phenomenological two-phase Reactor model for the fluidised bed membrane Reactor, incorporating a separately developed lumped flux expression for the H2 permeation rate through the used Pd-based membranes, the measured data from the fluidised bed membrane Reactor could be well described, provided that axial gas back-mixing in the membrane-assisted fluidised bed Reactor is negligible. This indicates that the membrane Reactor behaviour approached that of an ideal isothermal plug flow Reactor with maximum H2 permeation. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Luís M. Madeira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • autothermal reforming of impure glycerol for h2 production thermodynamic study including in situ co2 and or h2 separation
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016
    Co-Authors: A L Leal, M A Soria, Luís M. Madeira
    Abstract:

    Abstract In the present work, thermodynamics was applied to study the autothermal reforming (ATR) of impure glycerol (mixture of glycerol and methanol) to generate pure hydrogen. The equilibrium compositions were calculated using the Gibbs free energy minimization method and simulations were performed in a wide range of conditions of pressure (1–20 atm), temperature (600–1000 K), oxygen to glycerol feed molar ratio (0.0–3.0), and water to glycerol feed molar ratio (3–12). The effect of in situ CO2 and/or H2 removal was investigated as well, in the perspective of reaction/separation process integration in a hybrid Multifunctional Reactor. Whatever the composition of the glycerol fed, the in situ separation of H2 and CO2 in ATR process maximizes the hydrogen yield and completely eliminates methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide formation. At 700 K, it is possible to improve the H2 yield, with respect to the traditional Reactor, up to 186% when CO2 removal is considered, up to 152% when only H2 removal is implemented, and by 195% when both H2 and CO2 removal are considered in the hybrid Reactor. From the investigation of the energetically neutral conditions, it was found that in the sorption-enhanced process, with or without in situ H2 separation, no partial oxidation reactions are needed to provide the required heat to maintain the isothermal reformer at the desired temperature, and consequently the yield of hydrogen can be improved up to 6.93, which is close to the stoichiometric theoretical value of 7.

  • Autothermal reforming of impure glycerol for H-2 production: Thermodynamic study including in situ CO2 and/or H-2 separation
    'Elsevier BV', 2016
    Co-Authors: M A Soria, A L Leal, Luís M. Madeira
    Abstract:

    In the present work, thermodynamics was applied to study the autothermal reforming (ATR) of impure glycerol (mixture of glycerol and methanol) to generate pure hydrogen. The equilibrium compositions were calculated using the Gibbs free energy minimization method and simulations were performed in a wide range of conditions of pressure (1-20 atm), temperature (600-1000 K), oxygen to glycerol feed molar ratio (0.0-3.0), and water to glycerol feed molar ratio (3-12). The effect of in situ CO2 and/or H-2 removal was investigated as well, in the perspective of reaction/separation process integration in a hybrid Multifunctional Reactor. Whatever the composition of the glycerol fed, the in situ separation of H-2 and CO2 in ATR process maximizes the hydrogen yield and completely eliminates methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide formation. At 700 K, it is possible to improve the H-2 yield, with respect to the traditional Reactor, up to 186% when CO2 removal is considered, up to 152% when only H-2 removal is implemented, and by 195% when both H-2 and CO2 removal are considered in the hybrid Reactor. From the investigation of the energetically neutral conditions, it was found that in the sorption-enhanced process, with or without in situ H-2 separation, no partial oxidation reactions are needed to provide the required heat to maintain the isothermal reformer at the desired temperature, and consequently the yield of hydrogen can be improved up to 6.93, which is close to the stoichiometric theoretical value of 7. Copyright (c) 2015, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rightsreserved

Joaquín Zúñiga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Palladium based membranes and membrane Reactors for hydrogen production and purification: An overview of research activities at Tecnalia and TU/e
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017
    Co-Authors: E. Fernandez, Jose A. Medrano, Jon Melendez, Vincenzo Spallina, N. C.a. De Nooijer, Alba Arratibel, Arash Helmi, Kai Coenen, Jose Luis Viviente, Joaquín Zúñiga
    Abstract:

    In this paper, the main achievements of several European research projects on Pd based membranes and Pd membrane Reactors for hydrogen production are reported. Pd-based membranes have received an increasing interest for separation and purification of hydrogen. In addition, the integration of such membranes in membrane Reactors has been widely studied for enhancing the efficiency of several dehydrogenation reactions. The integration of reaction and separation in one Multifunctional Reactor allows obtaining higher conversion degrees, smaller Reactor volumes and higher efficiencies compared with conventional systems. In the last decade, much thinner dense Pd-based membranes have been produced that can be used in membrane Reactors. However, the thinner the membranes the higher the flux and the higher the effect of concentration polarization in packed bed membrane Reactors. A Reactor concept that can circumvent (or at least strongly reduce) concentration polarization is the fluidized bed membrane Reactor configuration, which improves the heat transfer as well. Tecnalia and TU/e are involved in several European projects that are related to development of fluidized bed membrane Reactors for hydrogen production using thin Pd-based (