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Antonio Piacentino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • chp combined heat and power retrofit for a large med tvc Multiple Effect Distillation along with thermal vapour compression desalination plant high efficiency assessment for different design options under the current legislative eu framework
    Energy, 2016
    Co-Authors: Alessandro Tamburini, Andrea Cipollina, G Micale, Antonio Piacentino
    Abstract:

    Integrated power plants in “dual purpose” configuration may represent a viable option for energy cost abatement of desalted water produced by MED-TVC (Multiple Effect Distillation along with Thermal Vapour Compression).

  • CHP (combined heat and power) retrofit for a large MED-TVC (Multiple Effect Distillation along with thermal vapour compression) desalination plant: High efficiency assessment for different design options under the current legislative EU framework
    Energy, 2016
    Co-Authors: Alessandro Tamburini, Andrea Cipollina, G Micale, Antonio Piacentino
    Abstract:

    Abstract Integrated power plants in “dual purpose” configuration may represent a viable option for energy cost abatement of desalted water produced by MED-TVC (Multiple Effect Distillation along with Thermal Vapour Compression). In this paper an existing large MED-TVC plant with a 36,000 m 3 /day capacity is studied: a plant retrofit is designed, based on a steam power plant with condensation and steam extraction used to drive the steam ejector. As the plant operates in CHP (Combined Heat and Power) mode, the possibility to assess the integrated “CHP + MED-TVC” as high efficiency cogeneration according to Directive 2004/8/EC is discussed. Based on a model developed in Engineering Equation Solver, a sensitivity analysis is performed: the influence of several design and operation parameters on the fraction of energy outputs assessed as “from efficient cogeneration” is investigated. This fraction was found to increase almost linearly with the number of MED units supplied with steam. Also, when all the MED units are supplied and the steam extraction pressure is decreased from 4.89 MPa down to 0.29 MPa, the CHP fraction increased from ∼54% to ∼77%. The assessment of the plant as “high efficiency CHP” was found highly dependent on the specific fuel adopted.

  • exergetic and exergoeconomic analysis of a renewable polygeneration system and viability study for small isolated communities
    Energy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Francesco Calise, Dentice M Daccadia, Antonio Piacentino
    Abstract:

    A great interest has recently arisen for the sustainable supply of energy and fresh water, due to the growing demand from developing countries. Facing this demand by traditional technologies implies evident risks related with the high cost of fossil fuels and their environmental impact. Then, alternative solutions based on the use of renewable sources and innovative technologies must be considered. In this paper a renewable polygeneration system is examined, which includes a solar field based on parabolic trough photovoltaic/thermal collectors, a biomass heater, an absorption chiller and a Multiple Effect Distillation desalination unit.

  • exergetic and exergoeconomic analysis of a renewable polygeneration system and viability study for small isolated communities
    Energy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Francesco Calise, Dentice M Daccadia, Antonio Piacentino
    Abstract:

    Abstract A great interest has recently arisen for the sustainable supply of energy and fresh water, due to the growing demand from developing countries. Facing this demand by traditional technologies implies evident risks related with the high cost of fossil fuels and their environmental impact. Then, alternative solutions based on the use of renewable sources and innovative technologies must be considered. In this paper a renewable polygeneration system is examined, which includes a solar field based on parabolic trough photovoltaic/thermal collectors, a biomass heater, an absorption chiller and a Multiple Effect Distillation desalination unit. Plant operation under dynamic conditions has been analysed in previous papers; in this paper an exergetic and exergoeconomic analysis is carried out. The exergetic analysis is intended to identify the steps that mostly affect the overall plant exergy efficiency, so as to propose possible improvements. The exergoeconomic cost accounting is aimed at assigning a monetary value to each energy or material flow, thus providing a rational basis for price assignment. Both the exergetic and exergoeconomic analyses are applied to integral values of energy flows, comparing the results obtained in the summer and winter season. Finally, economic viability of the system in different context scenarios is discussed.

  • application of advanced thermodynamics thermoeconomics and exergy costing to a Multiple Effect Distillation plant in depth analysis of cost formation process
    Desalination, 2015
    Co-Authors: Antonio Piacentino
    Abstract:

    Abstract The high thermal energy consumption per m3 fresh water is one of the main barriers to the spread of thermally driven desalination processes and has limited their use to applications in countries with high reserves of fossil fuels or to specific technological solutions like dual purpose cogeneration plants and solar desalination systems. Being energy conversion efficiency a major issue to improve the performance of thermally driven desalination plants, thermoeconomic analysis has been attracting the efforts of researchers for the identification of margins for process improvement. In this paper a rigorous exergy and thermoeconomic analysis is presented for an 8 Effect forward feed Multiple Effect Distillation plant, based on models developed in Engineering Equation Solver. The innovative contribution lies in the detailed methodological formulation with explicative notes on the main assumptions and in the high level of disaggregation used, which allows us to follow each specific subprocess and thus to acquire an in-depth understanding of the whole cost formation process. The results indicate that the monetary value associated with the physical and chemical exergy flows highly vary throughout the plant and that the contribution to the final cost of fresh water is higher for the distillate produced in the last Effects.

Stephen K Gray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • study of hybrid pva ma teos pervaporation membrane and evaluation of energy requirement for desalination by pervaporation
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018
    Co-Authors: Zongli Xie, Manh Hoang, Jianhua Zhang, Stephen K Gray
    Abstract:

    Desalination by pervaporation is a membrane process that is yet to be realized for commercial application. To investigate the feasibility and viability of scaling up, a process engineering model was developed to evaluate the energy requirement based on the experimental study of a hybrid polyvinyl alcohol/maleic acid/tetraethyl orthosilicate (PVA/MA/TEOS) Pervaporation Membrane. The energy consumption includes the external heating and cooling required for the feed and permeate streams, as well as the electrical power associated with pumps for re-circulating feed and maintaining vacuum. The thermal energy requirement is significant (e.g., up to 2609 MJ/m3 of thermal energy) and is required to maintain the feed stream at 65 °C in recirculation mode. The electrical energy requirement is very small (<0.2 kWh/m3 of required at 65 °C feed temperature at steady state) with the vacuum pump contributing to the majority of the electrical energy. The energy required for the pervaporation process was also compared to other desalination processes such as Reverse Osmosis (RO), Multi-stage Flash (MSF), and Multiple Effect Distillation (MED). The electrical energy requirement for pervaporation is the lowest among these desalination technologies. However, the thermal energy needed for pervaporation is significant. Pervaporation may be attractive when the process is integrated with waste heat and heat recovery option and used in niche applications such as RO brine concentration or salt recovery.

Ibrahim S Almutaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • potential of nuclear desalination in the arabian gulf countries
    Desalination, 2001
    Co-Authors: Ibrahim S Almutaz
    Abstract:

    Abstract Arabian Gulf countries are located in an arid area with limited water resources. Hydrological investigations point to large resources of underground water, but they are saline and need to be desalted. The best choice for providing fresh water in the Arabian Gulf countries is through seawater desalination with ground water as a back up. About 65% of desalination plants that are in operation worldwide are located in the Arabian Gulf countries, most of which are the dual-purpose multistage flash (MSF) plants, producing power and water. Reverse osmosis (RO) is used mainly for brackish water treatment and a limited number of Multiple Effect Distillation (MED) plants are used in the Arabian Gulf countries. The use of nuclear desalination is practically essential in these countries where massive quantities of water are desalinated and there is a fast increase in power demand. These is no technical impediment to the use of nuclear reactors for supply of either heat or electricity or both to a desalination plant. However, the cost Effectiveness of nuclear desalination is a site dependent matter. The type of desalination process and the size and type of the nuclear reactor have to be determined based on the specific site data. MSF plants are considered as energy intensive processes where energy cost is a major controlling parameter in the overall cost of desalination. Oil price fluctuations affect the cost of desalted water significantly, whereas nuclear power offers long term availability of indigenous fuel as well as long term fuel price stability. It has minimal environmental impact compared with other conventional desalination processes. This paper will discuss the potential of application of nuclear desalination in the Arabian Gulf countries. Various processes will be reviewed and most appropriate method selected.

  • potential of nuclear desalination in the arabian gulf countries
    Desalination, 2001
    Co-Authors: Ibrahim S Almutaz
    Abstract:

    Abstract Arabian Gulf countries are located in an arid area with limited water resources. Hydrological investigations point to large resources of underground water, but they are saline and need to be desalted. The best choice for providing fresh water in the Arabian Gulf countries is through seawater desalination with ground water as a back up. About 65% of desalination plants that are in operation worldwide are located in the Arabian Gulf countries, most of which are the dual-purpose multistage flash (MSF) plants, producing power and water. Reverse osmosis (RO) is used mainly for brackish water treatment and a limited number of Multiple Effect Distillation (MED) plants are used in the Arabian Gulf countries. The use of nuclear desalination is practically essential in these countries where massive quantities of water are desalinated and there is a fast increase in power demand. These is no technical impediment to the use of nuclear reactors for supply of either heat or electricity or both to a desalination plant. However, the cost Effectiveness of nuclear desalination is a site dependent matter. The type of desalination process and the size and type of the nuclear reactor have to be determined based on the specific site data. MSF plants are considered as energy intensive processes where energy cost is a major controlling parameter in the overall cost of desalination. Oil price fluctuations affect the cost of desalted water significantly, whereas nuclear power offers long term availability of indigenous fuel as well as long term fuel price stability. It has minimal environmental impact compared with other conventional desalination processes. This paper will discuss the potential of application of nuclear desalination in the Arabian Gulf countries. Various processes will be reviewed and most appropriate method selected.

Zongli Xie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • study of hybrid pva ma teos pervaporation membrane and evaluation of energy requirement for desalination by pervaporation
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018
    Co-Authors: Zongli Xie, Manh Hoang, Jianhua Zhang, Stephen K Gray
    Abstract:

    Desalination by pervaporation is a membrane process that is yet to be realized for commercial application. To investigate the feasibility and viability of scaling up, a process engineering model was developed to evaluate the energy requirement based on the experimental study of a hybrid polyvinyl alcohol/maleic acid/tetraethyl orthosilicate (PVA/MA/TEOS) Pervaporation Membrane. The energy consumption includes the external heating and cooling required for the feed and permeate streams, as well as the electrical power associated with pumps for re-circulating feed and maintaining vacuum. The thermal energy requirement is significant (e.g., up to 2609 MJ/m3 of thermal energy) and is required to maintain the feed stream at 65 °C in recirculation mode. The electrical energy requirement is very small (<0.2 kWh/m3 of required at 65 °C feed temperature at steady state) with the vacuum pump contributing to the majority of the electrical energy. The energy required for the pervaporation process was also compared to other desalination processes such as Reverse Osmosis (RO), Multi-stage Flash (MSF), and Multiple Effect Distillation (MED). The electrical energy requirement for pervaporation is the lowest among these desalination technologies. However, the thermal energy needed for pervaporation is significant. Pervaporation may be attractive when the process is integrated with waste heat and heat recovery option and used in niche applications such as RO brine concentration or salt recovery.

  • Study of Hybrid PVA/MA/TEOS Pervaporation Membrane and Evaluation of Energy Requirement for Desalination by Pervaporation
    MDPI AG, 2018
    Co-Authors: Zongli Xie, Manh Hoang, Jianhua Zhang, Stephen Gray
    Abstract:

    Desalination by pervaporation is a membrane process that is yet to be realized for commercial application. To investigate the feasibility and viability of scaling up, a process engineering model was developed to evaluate the energy requirement based on the experimental study of a hybrid polyvinyl alcohol/maleic acid/tetraethyl orthosilicate (PVA/MA/TEOS) Pervaporation Membrane. The energy consumption includes the external heating and cooling required for the feed and permeate streams, as well as the electrical power associated with pumps for re-circulating feed and maintaining vacuum. The thermal energy requirement is significant (e.g., up to 2609 MJ/m3 of thermal energy) and is required to maintain the feed stream at 65 °C in recirculation mode. The electrical energy requirement is very small (<0.2 kWh/m3 of required at 65 °C feed temperature at steady state) with the vacuum pump contributing to the majority of the electrical energy. The energy required for the pervaporation process was also compared to other desalination processes such as Reverse Osmosis (RO), Multi-stage Flash (MSF), and Multiple Effect Distillation (MED). The electrical energy requirement for pervaporation is the lowest among these desalination technologies. However, the thermal energy needed for pervaporation is significant. Pervaporation may be attractive when the process is integrated with waste heat and heat recovery option and used in niche applications such as RO brine concentration or salt recovery

G Micale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • New considerations for modelling a MED-TVC plant under dynamic conditions
    Desalination, 2019
    Co-Authors: L. Guimard, Andrea Cipollina, G Micale, Bartolomé Ortega-delgado, Françoise Couenne, P. Bandelier, Christian Jallut
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Multiple-Effect Distillation (MED) technology is nowadays the most promising desalination process to be coupled with variable heat sources, thus leading to a more sustainable way to produce water. In order to prove the potential of this, it is of major interest to develop powerful modelling tools to predict the performance of this coupling. Only a few models have been presented so far. They show promising results but were based on some simplifying assumptions and non-physical constraints that could limit the analysis of the dynamic behaviour of a MED plant. This paper presents new considerations for the dynamic modelling of a MED plant associated with a thermal vapour compression unit, starting from a previous work “A dynamic model for MED-TVC transient operation”. After several improvements, this model is now more representative of the real operating modes of a MED-TVC plant by considering real process inputs. This paper also highlights the importance of accurately modelling the interconnection between Effects, the evaporation and condensation processes and the other components, such as the pre-heaters. Here is also presented a control strategy for operating a MED plant under dynamic conditions. Indeed, when a perturbation occurs in the motive steam pressure, it is possible to stabilize the whole plant by a simultaneous variation in the intake seawater mass flow rate at the final condenser. The model has been validated in steady-state conditions with experimental data from a MED-TVC plant operated in Trapani (Sicily) and was used to perform dynamic simulation to prove the feasibility of operating a MED-TVC plant under dynamic conditions, which is a major step toward proving the possibility of a coupling with renewable energies.

  • chp combined heat and power retrofit for a large med tvc Multiple Effect Distillation along with thermal vapour compression desalination plant high efficiency assessment for different design options under the current legislative eu framework
    Energy, 2016
    Co-Authors: Alessandro Tamburini, Andrea Cipollina, G Micale, Antonio Piacentino
    Abstract:

    Integrated power plants in “dual purpose” configuration may represent a viable option for energy cost abatement of desalted water produced by MED-TVC (Multiple Effect Distillation along with Thermal Vapour Compression).

  • CHP (combined heat and power) retrofit for a large MED-TVC (Multiple Effect Distillation along with thermal vapour compression) desalination plant: High efficiency assessment for different design options under the current legislative EU framework
    Energy, 2016
    Co-Authors: Alessandro Tamburini, Andrea Cipollina, G Micale, Antonio Piacentino
    Abstract:

    Abstract Integrated power plants in “dual purpose” configuration may represent a viable option for energy cost abatement of desalted water produced by MED-TVC (Multiple Effect Distillation along with Thermal Vapour Compression). In this paper an existing large MED-TVC plant with a 36,000 m 3 /day capacity is studied: a plant retrofit is designed, based on a steam power plant with condensation and steam extraction used to drive the steam ejector. As the plant operates in CHP (Combined Heat and Power) mode, the possibility to assess the integrated “CHP + MED-TVC” as high efficiency cogeneration according to Directive 2004/8/EC is discussed. Based on a model developed in Engineering Equation Solver, a sensitivity analysis is performed: the influence of several design and operation parameters on the fraction of energy outputs assessed as “from efficient cogeneration” is investigated. This fraction was found to increase almost linearly with the number of MED units supplied with steam. Also, when all the MED units are supplied and the steam extraction pressure is decreased from 4.89 MPa down to 0.29 MPa, the CHP fraction increased from ∼54% to ∼77%. The assessment of the plant as “high efficiency CHP” was found highly dependent on the specific fuel adopted.