The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Petra Molnar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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osteoarthritis and activity an analysis of the relationship between eburnation Musculoskeletal Stress markers msm and age in two neolithic hunter gatherer populations from gotland sweden
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2011Co-Authors: Petra Molnar, Torbjörn Ahlström, Ido LedenAbstract:Osteoarthritis and Activity- An Analysis of the Relationship between Eburnation, Musculoskeletal Stress Markers and Age in two Neolithic Hunter-gatherer Populations from Gotland
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Osteoarthritis and activity—an analysis of the relationship between eburnation, Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM) and age in two Neolithic hunter–gatherer populations from Gotland, Sweden
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2009Co-Authors: Petra Molnar, Torbjörn Ahlström, Ido LedenAbstract:Osteoarthritis and Activity- An Analysis of the Relationship between Eburnation, Musculoskeletal Stress Markers and Age in two Neolithic Hunter-gatherer Populations from Gotland
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Patterns of physical activity and material culture on Gotland, Sweden, during the Middle Neolithic
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2008Co-Authors: Petra MolnarAbstract:Linking MSM (Musculoskeletal Stress Markers) to specific activities is difficult. This problem is explored by combining and comparing patterns of MSM and material culture. Sex- and age-related patt ...
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Tracing Prehistoric Activities : Life ways, habitual behaviour and health of hunter-gatherers on Gotland
2008Co-Authors: Petra MolnarAbstract:In the present thesis, skeletal and dental evidence of physical strain and habitual behaviour has been investigated through Musculoskeletal Stress markers (MSM) and extramasticatory dental wear. Th ...
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tracing prehistoric activities Musculoskeletal Stress marker analysis of a stone age population on the island of gotland in the baltic sea
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2006Co-Authors: Petra MolnarAbstract:The skeletal remains from the Middle Neolithic (2750-2300 BC) burial ground at Ajvide, Gotland, are analyzed in order to explore Musculoskeletal patterns and to attempt to trace general as well as three specific prehistoric activities (archery, harpooning, and kayaking) that are likely to have been performed in this marine setting of fishing, hunting, and gathering. Scoring of muscular and ligament attachments is performed using the scoring method of Hawkey and Merbs ([1995] Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 5:324-338) for muskuloskeletal Stress markers (MSM). The skeletal material consists of 24 male and 15 female adult individuals divided into three age groups: young ( 40 years). Thirty upper body MSM sites, on both the left and right sides, are scored and form the basis of the study. Results show that males most frequently have higher mean MSM scores than females. Bilateral asymmetry was noted as low in both sexes. Age proved to be a contributing factor to increased MSM scores, with a greater age-related increase in females. MSM patterns were analyzed statistically in muscle groups associated with the three investigated activities. Significant positive correlations were observed in male individuals in muscle groups associated with archery and to some extent harpooning, an indication that these activities would mainly have been performed by men. Correlations in kayaking muscles were not evidently consistent with the kayaking motion. Furthermore, the costoclavicular ligament, often referred to in connection with "kayaker's clavicle," showed no positive statistical correlation with the kayaking muscles.
Christofer J. Clemente - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Where Have All the Giants Gone? How Animals Deal with the Problem of Size.
PLoS biology, 2017Co-Authors: Taylor J. M. Dick, Christofer J. ClementeAbstract:The survival of both the hunter and the hunted often comes down to speed. Yet how fast an animal can run is intricately linked to its size, such that the fastest animals are not the biggest nor the smallest. The ability to maintain high speeds is dependent on the body’s capacity to withstand the high Stresses involved with locomotion. Yet even when standing still, scaling principles would suggest that the mechanical Stress an animal feels will increase in greater demand than its body can support. So if big animals want to be fast, they must find solutions to overcome these high Stresses. This article explores the ways in which extant animals mitigate size-related increases in Musculoskeletal Stress in an effort to help understand where all the giants have gone.
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How to build your dragon: scaling of muscle architecture from the world’s smallest to the world’s largest monitor lizard
Frontiers in zoology, 2016Co-Authors: Taylor J. M. Dick, Christofer J. ClementeAbstract:The functional design of skeletal muscles is shaped by conflicting selective pressures between support and propulsion, which becomes even more important as animals get larger. If larger animals were geometrically scaled up versions of smaller animals, increases in body size would cause an increase in Musculoskeletal Stress, a result of the greater scaling of mass in comparison to area. In large animals these Stresses would come dangerously close to points of failure. By examining the architecture of 22 hindlimb muscles in 27 individuals from 9 species of varanid lizards ranging from the tiny 7.6 g Varanus brevicauda to the giant 40 kg Varanus komodoensis, we present a comprehensive dataset on the scaling of Musculoskeletal architecture in monitor lizards (varanids), providing information about the phylogenetic constraints and adaptations of locomotor muscles in sprawling tetrapods. Scaling results for muscle mass, pennation and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), all suggest that larger varanids increase the relative force-generating capacity of femur adductors, knee flexors and ankle plantarflexors, with scaling exponents greater than geometric similarity predicts. Thus varanids mitigate the size-related increases in Stress by increasing muscle mass and PCSA rather than adopting a more upright posture with size as is shown in other animals. As well as the scaling effects of muscle properties with body mass, the variation in muscle architecture with changes in hindlimb posture were also prominent. Within varanids, posture varies with habitat preference. Climbing lizards display a sprawling posture while terrestrial lizards display a more upright posture. Sprawling species required larger PCSAs and muscle masses in femur retractors, knee flexors, and ankle plantarflexors in order to support the body. Both size and posture-related muscle changes all suggest an increased role in support over propulsion, leading to a decrease in locomotor performance which has previously been shown with increases in size. These estimates suggest the giant Pleistocene varanid lizard (Varanus megalania priscus) would likely not have been able to outrun early humans with which it co-habitated the Australian landmass with.
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How to build your dragon: scaling of muscle architecture from the world’s smallest to the world’s largest monitor lizard
Frontiers in Zoology, 2016Co-Authors: Taylor J. M. Dick, Christofer J. ClementeAbstract:Background The functional design of skeletal muscles is shaped by conflicting selective pressures between support and propulsion, which becomes even more important as animals get larger. If larger animals were geometrically scaled up versions of smaller animals, increases in body size would cause an increase in Musculoskeletal Stress, a result of the greater scaling of mass in comparison to area. In large animals these Stresses would come dangerously close to points of failure. By examining the architecture of 22 hindlimb muscles in 27 individuals from 9 species of varanid lizards ranging from the tiny 7.6 g Varanus brevicauda to the giant 40 kg Varanus komodoensis , we present a comprehensive dataset on the scaling of Musculoskeletal architecture in monitor lizards (varanids), providing information about the phylogenetic constraints and adaptations of locomotor muscles in sprawling tetrapods. Results Scaling results for muscle mass, pennation and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), all suggest that larger varanids increase the relative force-generating capacity of femur adductors, knee flexors and ankle plantarflexors, with scaling exponents greater than geometric similarity predicts. Thus varanids mitigate the size-related increases in Stress by increasing muscle mass and PCSA rather than adopting a more upright posture with size as is shown in other animals. As well as the scaling effects of muscle properties with body mass, the variation in muscle architecture with changes in hindlimb posture were also prominent. Within varanids, posture varies with habitat preference. Climbing lizards display a sprawling posture while terrestrial lizards display a more upright posture. Sprawling species required larger PCSAs and muscle masses in femur retractors, knee flexors, and ankle plantarflexors in order to support the body. Conclusions Both size and posture-related muscle changes all suggest an increased role in support over propulsion, leading to a decrease in locomotor performance which has previously been shown with increases in size. These estimates suggest the giant Pleistocene varanid lizard ( Varanus megalania priscus ) would likely not have been able to outrun early humans with which it co-habitated the Australian landmass with.
Taylor J. M. Dick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Where Have All the Giants Gone? How Animals Deal with the Problem of Size.
PLoS biology, 2017Co-Authors: Taylor J. M. Dick, Christofer J. ClementeAbstract:The survival of both the hunter and the hunted often comes down to speed. Yet how fast an animal can run is intricately linked to its size, such that the fastest animals are not the biggest nor the smallest. The ability to maintain high speeds is dependent on the body’s capacity to withstand the high Stresses involved with locomotion. Yet even when standing still, scaling principles would suggest that the mechanical Stress an animal feels will increase in greater demand than its body can support. So if big animals want to be fast, they must find solutions to overcome these high Stresses. This article explores the ways in which extant animals mitigate size-related increases in Musculoskeletal Stress in an effort to help understand where all the giants have gone.
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How to build your dragon: scaling of muscle architecture from the world’s smallest to the world’s largest monitor lizard
Frontiers in zoology, 2016Co-Authors: Taylor J. M. Dick, Christofer J. ClementeAbstract:The functional design of skeletal muscles is shaped by conflicting selective pressures between support and propulsion, which becomes even more important as animals get larger. If larger animals were geometrically scaled up versions of smaller animals, increases in body size would cause an increase in Musculoskeletal Stress, a result of the greater scaling of mass in comparison to area. In large animals these Stresses would come dangerously close to points of failure. By examining the architecture of 22 hindlimb muscles in 27 individuals from 9 species of varanid lizards ranging from the tiny 7.6 g Varanus brevicauda to the giant 40 kg Varanus komodoensis, we present a comprehensive dataset on the scaling of Musculoskeletal architecture in monitor lizards (varanids), providing information about the phylogenetic constraints and adaptations of locomotor muscles in sprawling tetrapods. Scaling results for muscle mass, pennation and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), all suggest that larger varanids increase the relative force-generating capacity of femur adductors, knee flexors and ankle plantarflexors, with scaling exponents greater than geometric similarity predicts. Thus varanids mitigate the size-related increases in Stress by increasing muscle mass and PCSA rather than adopting a more upright posture with size as is shown in other animals. As well as the scaling effects of muscle properties with body mass, the variation in muscle architecture with changes in hindlimb posture were also prominent. Within varanids, posture varies with habitat preference. Climbing lizards display a sprawling posture while terrestrial lizards display a more upright posture. Sprawling species required larger PCSAs and muscle masses in femur retractors, knee flexors, and ankle plantarflexors in order to support the body. Both size and posture-related muscle changes all suggest an increased role in support over propulsion, leading to a decrease in locomotor performance which has previously been shown with increases in size. These estimates suggest the giant Pleistocene varanid lizard (Varanus megalania priscus) would likely not have been able to outrun early humans with which it co-habitated the Australian landmass with.
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How to build your dragon: scaling of muscle architecture from the world’s smallest to the world’s largest monitor lizard
Frontiers in Zoology, 2016Co-Authors: Taylor J. M. Dick, Christofer J. ClementeAbstract:Background The functional design of skeletal muscles is shaped by conflicting selective pressures between support and propulsion, which becomes even more important as animals get larger. If larger animals were geometrically scaled up versions of smaller animals, increases in body size would cause an increase in Musculoskeletal Stress, a result of the greater scaling of mass in comparison to area. In large animals these Stresses would come dangerously close to points of failure. By examining the architecture of 22 hindlimb muscles in 27 individuals from 9 species of varanid lizards ranging from the tiny 7.6 g Varanus brevicauda to the giant 40 kg Varanus komodoensis , we present a comprehensive dataset on the scaling of Musculoskeletal architecture in monitor lizards (varanids), providing information about the phylogenetic constraints and adaptations of locomotor muscles in sprawling tetrapods. Results Scaling results for muscle mass, pennation and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), all suggest that larger varanids increase the relative force-generating capacity of femur adductors, knee flexors and ankle plantarflexors, with scaling exponents greater than geometric similarity predicts. Thus varanids mitigate the size-related increases in Stress by increasing muscle mass and PCSA rather than adopting a more upright posture with size as is shown in other animals. As well as the scaling effects of muscle properties with body mass, the variation in muscle architecture with changes in hindlimb posture were also prominent. Within varanids, posture varies with habitat preference. Climbing lizards display a sprawling posture while terrestrial lizards display a more upright posture. Sprawling species required larger PCSAs and muscle masses in femur retractors, knee flexors, and ankle plantarflexors in order to support the body. Conclusions Both size and posture-related muscle changes all suggest an increased role in support over propulsion, leading to a decrease in locomotor performance which has previously been shown with increases in size. These estimates suggest the giant Pleistocene varanid lizard ( Varanus megalania priscus ) would likely not have been able to outrun early humans with which it co-habitated the Australian landmass with.
Israel Hershkovitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Musculoskeletal Stress markers in Natufian hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers in the Levant : the upper limb
American journal of physical anthropology, 2004Co-Authors: Vered Eshed, Avi Gopher, Ehud Galili, Israel HershkovitzAbstract:This paper attempts to quantify the changes in activity patterns of early farming populations in the Levant through the Musculoskeletal Stress markers (MSM) of the upper limb as seen in skeletal remains. The transition to an agricultural way of life resulted in higher loads on the upper limb in Neolithic populations compared to the Natufian hunter-gatherer populations that preceded them. The MSM pattern for males and females indicates a gender-based division of labor both in the Natufian and the Neolithic. It may also suggest that people in the Neolithic period were engaged in different (new) activities and occupations compared to the Natufian.
Andrzej W. Weber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Upper limb Musculoskeletal Stress markers among middle Holocene foragers of Siberia's Cis-Baikal region.
American journal of physical anthropology, 2009Co-Authors: Angela R. Lieverse, Vladimir I. Bazaliiskii, Olga I. Goriunova, Andrzej W. WeberAbstract:This evaluation of Musculoskeletal Stress markers (MSMs) in the Cis-Baikal focuses on upper limb activity reconstruction among the region's middle Holocene foragers, particularly as it pertains to adaptation and cultural change. The five cemetery populations investigated represent two discrete groups separated by an 800-1,000 year hiatus: the Early Neolithic (8000-7000/6800 cal. BP) Kitoi culture and the Late Neolithic/Bronze Age (6000/5800-4000 cal. BP) Isakovo-Serovo-Glaskovo (ISG) cultural complex. Twenty-four upper limb MSMs are investigated not only to gain a better understanding of activity throughout the middle Holocene, but also to independently assess the relative distinctiveness of Kitoi and ISG adaptive regimes. Results reveal higher heterogeneity in overall activity levels among Early Neolithic populations-with Kitoi males exhibiting more pronounced upper limb MSMs than both contemporary females and ISG males-but relative constancy during the Late Neolithic/Bronze Age, regardless of sex or possible status. On the other hand, activity patterns seem to have varied more during the latter period, with the supinator being ranked high among the ISG, but not the Kitoi, and forearm flexors and extensors being ranked generally low only among ISG females. Upper limb rank patterning does not distinguish Early Neolithic males, suggesting that their higher MSM scores reflect differences in the degree (intensity and/or duration), rather than the type, of activity employed. Finally, for both Kitoi and ISG peoples, activity patterns-especially the consistently high-ranked costoclavicular ligament and deltoid and pectoralis major muscles-appear to be consistent with watercraft use.
