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Mostafa Ghanei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Are Iranian Sulfur Mustard Gas-Exposed Survivors More Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2? Some Similarity in Their Pathogenesis.
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 2020Co-Authors: Gholamreza Farnoosh, Mostafa Ghanei, Hossein Khorramdelazad, Gholam Hossein Alishiri, Alireza Jalali Farahani, Alireza Shahriary, Seyed Reza Hosseini ZijoudAbstract:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged as a health problem worldwide. It seems that COVID-19 is more lethal for Iranian veterans with a history of exposure to Mustard Gas. There are some similarities in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and Mustard Gas in immune system disruption and pulmonary infection. SARS-CoV-2 and Mustard Gas inducing oxidative stress, immune system dysregulation, cytokine storm, and overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor in lungs that act as functional entry receptors for SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, Iranian survivors of Mustard Gas exposure are more susceptible and vulnerable to COVID-19. It is suggested that the principles of COVID-19 infection prevention and control be adhered to more stringently in Iranian survivors of Mustard Gas exposure than others who have not been exposed to Mustard Gas. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the different pathologic aspects of lung injury caused by Mustard Gas and also the relationship between this damage and the increased susceptibility of Iranian Mustard Gas exposed survivors to COVID-19.
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The Quality of Life of Mustard Gas Victims: A Systematic Review.
Tanaffos, 2017Co-Authors: Mojtaba Satkin, Mostafa Ghanei, Abbas Ebadi, Sahar Allahverdi, ElikaeiAbstract:Background Today, a host of veterans who were exposed to Mustard Gas suffer from substantially poor quality of life (QoL). However, factors that influence these patients' QoL have not been yet scrutinized. QoL is deemed as a crucial construct that demands careful attention during evaluation as well as intervention. The present study aimed to delve into the physical, mental, and social factors that affect the QoL of Mustard Gas victims. Materials and Methods All the physical, mental, and social parameters that influence the QoL of Mustard Gas victims were scrutinized through a systematic review. We searched for Persian and English scientific databases, i.e., PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and national databanks, namely SID, IranMedex, and Magiran to identify studies related to chemical victims conducted up to the end of 2015. Next, the quality of 21 articles and studies were assessed using the checklist of the National Institute of Health (NIH), and subsequently, 13 articles were selected for the stages of data extraction and analysis. Results Findings revealed that, among the physical factors, coexistence of several medical conditions caused by chemical injury and the severity of the chemical injury had the greatest impact on the QoL of chemically injured veterans. Besides, suffering from psychological and neurological disorders, along with educational level and employment status, were the most influential psychosocial parameters that influenced veterans' QoL. Conclusion The review conducted herein identified the physical and psychosocial factors affecting the QoL of Mustard Gas victims. In fact, it is the first to present a large collection of descriptive information on QoL contributors in a systematic and orderly fashion.
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The Effects of Mustard Gas on Pulmonary Function and Structure
Mustard Lung, 2016Co-Authors: Mostafa Ghanei, Ali Amini HarandiAbstract:Among the three major organs that are involved after exposure to Mustard Gas, ie, the lungs, eyes, and skin, the lungs are affected the most. Most preliminary studies have evaluated the acute effects of Mustard Gas; however, more recent studies on the chronic effects and complications of Mustard Gas have sometimes reported contradictory results. Nonetheless, it seems that more investigation on the late complications of Mustard Gas may correct diagnostic errors and improve diagnostic and treatment interventions. The results of these studies can help to differentiate these patients from other chronic pulmonary patients such as those with asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Tracheobronchomalacia and Air Trapping after Mustard Gas Exposure
2013Co-Authors: Mostafa Ghanei, Farhad Akbari Moqadam, Mehdi Mir Mohammad, Jafar AslaniAbstract:Rationale: Mustard Gas primarily affects the eyes, skin, and particularly the respiratory tract. Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) and air trapping are often observed in high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) scans of the chest of Mustard Gas–exposed patients. Objectives: To examine the frequency and severity of TBM in a group of Iranian wartime Mustard Gas–exposed victims, and to investigate the correlation between TBM and air trapping in these cases. Materials and Methods: Chest HRCT films obtained from 300 randomly selected subjects who had been exposed to Mustard Gas 15.5 yr previously were reviewed to determine the existence of TBM and air trapping. The HRCT films of a healthy control group were also analyzed for comparison. Results: Out of 300 reviewed cases, 13 had TBM. From these 13 TBM cases, 11 (85%) showed air trapping with mean score of 5.5. In the control group, 5 (25%) of 20 subjects showed air trapping, with mean score of 0.6. The total air trapping was significantly higher in the TBM group (p � 0.001). There was an association between the severity of tracheomalacia and air trapping in the TBM group (p � 0.01, r � 0.69), but no association was observed between severity of bronchomalacia and air trapping. Conclusion: The results show that air trapping and TBM are correlated, both as long-term sequelae in Mustard Gas–exposed cases. Because air trapping is highly suggestive of bronchiolitis obliterans, we conclude that both bronchiolitis obliterans and TBM are caused by a single underlying process affecting small and large airways, respectively, in this group of patients
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Correlations of sleep disorders with severity of obstructive airway disease in Mustard Gas-injured patients.
Sleep and Breathing, 2011Co-Authors: Ensieh Vahedi, Saeed Taheri, Farshid Alaedini, Zohreh Poursaleh, Javad Ameli, Mostafa GhaneiAbstract:Introduction Mustard Gas has serious adverse effects on several organs and functions in humans. In this study, we analyzed potential correlations between obstructive airway disease and sleep disorders in Iranian Mustard Gas-injured patients.
Jafar Aslani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tracheobronchomalacia and Air Trapping after Mustard Gas Exposure
2013Co-Authors: Mostafa Ghanei, Farhad Akbari Moqadam, Mehdi Mir Mohammad, Jafar AslaniAbstract:Rationale: Mustard Gas primarily affects the eyes, skin, and particularly the respiratory tract. Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) and air trapping are often observed in high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) scans of the chest of Mustard Gas–exposed patients. Objectives: To examine the frequency and severity of TBM in a group of Iranian wartime Mustard Gas–exposed victims, and to investigate the correlation between TBM and air trapping in these cases. Materials and Methods: Chest HRCT films obtained from 300 randomly selected subjects who had been exposed to Mustard Gas 15.5 yr previously were reviewed to determine the existence of TBM and air trapping. The HRCT films of a healthy control group were also analyzed for comparison. Results: Out of 300 reviewed cases, 13 had TBM. From these 13 TBM cases, 11 (85%) showed air trapping with mean score of 5.5. In the control group, 5 (25%) of 20 subjects showed air trapping, with mean score of 0.6. The total air trapping was significantly higher in the TBM group (p � 0.001). There was an association between the severity of tracheomalacia and air trapping in the TBM group (p � 0.01, r � 0.69), but no association was observed between severity of bronchomalacia and air trapping. Conclusion: The results show that air trapping and TBM are correlated, both as long-term sequelae in Mustard Gas–exposed cases. Because air trapping is highly suggestive of bronchiolitis obliterans, we conclude that both bronchiolitis obliterans and TBM are caused by a single underlying process affecting small and large airways, respectively, in this group of patients
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tracheobronchomalacia and air trapping after Mustard Gas exposure
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Mostafa Ghanei, Farhad Akbari Moqadam, Mehdi Mir Mohammad, Jafar AslaniAbstract:Rationale: Mustard Gas primarily affects the eyes, skin, and particularly the respiratory tract. Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) and air trapping are often observed in high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) scans of the chest of Mustard Gas–exposed patients.Objectives: To examine the frequency and severity of TBM in a group of Iranian wartime Mustard Gas–exposed victims, and to investigate the correlation between TBM and air trapping in these cases.Materials and Methods: Chest HRCT films obtained from 300 randomly selected subjects who had been exposed to Mustard Gas 15.5 yr previously were reviewed to determine the existence of TBM and air trapping. The HRCT films of a healthy control group were also analyzed for comparison.Results: Out of 300 reviewed cases, 13 had TBM. From these 13 TBM cases, 11 (85%) showed air trapping with mean score of 5.5. In the control group, 5 (25%) of 20 subjects showed air trapping, with mean score of 0.6. The total air trapping was significantly higher in the TBM group ...
Seyyed M Khademolhosseini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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childhood physical abnormalities following paternal exposure to sulfur Mustard Gas in iran a case control study
Conflict and Health, 2010Co-Authors: Hassan Abolghasemi, Mohammad Hadi Radfar, Mehdi Rambod, Parvin Salehi, Hossein Ghofrani, Mohammad R Soroush, Farahnaz Falahaty, Yousef Tavakolifar, Ali Sadaghianifar, Seyyed M KhademolhosseiniAbstract:Background: Mustard Gas, a known chemical weapon, was used during the Iran-Iraq war of 1980-1988. We aimed to determine if exposure to Mustard Gas among men was significantly associated with abnormalities and disorders among progenies. Methods: Using a case-control design, we identified all progenies of Sardasht men (exposed group, n = 498), who were born at least nine months after the exposure, compared to age-matched controls in Rabat, a nearby city (non-exposed group, n = 689). We conducted a thorough medical history, physical examination, and appropriate paraclinical studies to detect any physical abnormality and/or disorder. Given the presence of correlated data, we applied Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) multivariable models to determine associations. Results: The overall frequency of detected physical abnormalities and disorders was significantly higher in the exposed group (19% vs. 11%, Odds Ratio [OR] 1.93, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.37-2.72, P = 0.0002). This was consistent across sexes. Congenital anomalies (OR 3.54, 95% CI, 1.58-7.93, P = 0.002) and asthma (OR, 3.12, 95% CI, 1.43-6.80, P = 0.004) were most commonly associated with exposure. No single abnormality was associated with paternal exposure to Mustard Gas. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a generational effect of exposure to Mustard Gas. The lasting effects of Mustard Gas exposure in parents effects fertility and may impact child health and development in the long-term.
Han K Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a fifty year mortality follow up study of veterans exposed to low level chemical warfare agent Mustard Gas
Annals of Epidemiology, 2000Co-Authors: Tim A Bullman, Han K KangAbstract:Abstract PURPOSE: To determine if there is an increased risk of any cause specific mortality associated with low level Mustard Gas exposure among World War II Navy veterans. METHODS: A retrospective mortality follow-up study was conducted comparing the mortality of World War II Navy veterans who received low-level non-lethal exposures of Mustard Gas to that of World War II Navy veterans who were not exposed. This study identified 1545 Navy recruits stationed at Bainbridge, Maryland, between 1944–1945, who voluntarily participated in Mustard Gas chamber tests. These veterans were exposed to Mustard Gas while wearing protective clothing and masks. Control veterans consisted of 2663 Navy veterans who served at the same location and time as the exposed, but did not participate in chamber tests. Cause specific mortality risks associated with Mustard Gas exposure and level of Mustard Gas exposure were examined using adjusted and unadjusted relative risk estimates. RESULTS: There was no excess of any cause specific mortality associated with varying levels of Mustard Gas exposures among Navy veterans subject to the chamber tests. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of Mustard Gas exposures experienced by World War II veterans, which were sufficient to cause skin reactions (erythema, vesicles, and ulceration), were not associated with any increased risk of cause specific mortality.
Tatyana Zaytseva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microbial responses to Mustard Gas dumped in the Baltic Sea
Marine Environmental Research, 2009Co-Authors: Nadezda Medvedeva, Yulia Polyak, Harri Kankaanpää, Tatyana ZaytsevaAbstract:Microbiological studies were carried out on chemical weapon dump sites in the Baltic Sea. The effect of Mustard Gas hydrolysis products (MGHPs) on marine microbiota and the ability of microorganisms to degrade MGHPs were studied. Many stations at the dump sites demonstrated reduced microbial diversity, and increased growth of species able to use Mustard Gas hydrolysis products as sole source of carbon. Significant amounts of MGHP-degrading bacteria were revealed in the near-bottom water. The MGHP-degrading microorganisms identified as sp., sp., and sp. were isolated. These microorganisms were capable of utilizing the major product of hydrolysis, thiodiglycol, as the sole source of carbon and energy. The bacteria were capable of metabolizing MGHPs at a low temperature. The metabolic pathway for thiodiglycol degradation was proposed. The results suggest the potential for MGHPs biodegradation by naturally occurring populations of near-bottom-water and sediment microorganisms.
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Microbial responses to Mustard Gas dumped in the Baltic Sea.
Marine Environmental Research, 2009Co-Authors: Nadezda Medvedeva, Yulia Polyak, Harri Kankaanpää, Tatyana ZaytsevaAbstract:Microbiological studies were carried out on chemical weapon dump sites in the Baltic Sea. The effect of Mustard Gas hydrolysis products (MGHPs) on marine microbiota and the ability of microorganisms to degrade MGHPs were studied. Many stations at the dump sites demonstrated reduced microbial diversity, and increased growth of species able to use Mustard Gas hydrolysis products as sole source of carbon. Significant amounts of MGHP-degrading bacteria were revealed in the near-bottom water. The MGHP-degrading microorganisms identified as Achromobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Arthrobacter sp. were isolated. These microorganisms were capable of utilizing the major product of hydrolysis, thiodiglycol, as the sole source of carbon and energy. The bacteria were capable of metabolizing MGHPs at a low temperature. The metabolic pathway for thiodiglycol degradation was proposed. The results suggest the potential for MGHPs biodegradation by naturally occurring populations of near-bottom-water and sediment microorganisms.
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Soil bacterium Pseudomonas sp.: destroyer of Mustard Gas hydrolysis products
Biotechnology Journal, 2007Co-Authors: Nadezda Medvedeva, Yulia Polyak, Tatyana Zaytseva, Svetlana V. ZinovievaAbstract:A bacterial culture capable of utilizing products of Mustard Gas hydrolysis as a source of carbon was isolated from soil. This culture was tolerant to organochlorine substances in the hydrolysate. The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas sp. The bacterium utilizes the major product of Mustard Gas hydrolysis, thiodiglycol, through two pathways. One involves the oxidation of the primary alcoholic groups in thiodiglycol, yielding thiodiglycolic and thioglycolic acids. The cleavage of the C-S bonds in these acids gives rise to acetate, which is then used further in the cell metabolism. The other pathway involves the cleavage of the C-S bond in the thiodiglycol molecule, yielding beta-mercaptoethanol, which is transformed by Pseudomonas sp. into thioglycolic acid. The results show the promise of this bacterium for the bioremediation of Mustard Gas-contaminated soils.
