The Experts below are selected from a list of 246 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Xiong Ke-ren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Naja Naja atra venom on the expression of Nestin in hippocampus CA3 region of adult rats
Journal of Snake, 2012Co-Authors: Xiong Ke-renAbstract:Objective To investigate the effects of Naja Naja atra venom on the expression of Nestin in hippocampus CA3 region of adult rats.Methods The methods of immunohistochemistry technique were used to observe the different expression of Nestin positive cells in Naja Naja atra venom group,saline group and control group.Results The number of Nestin positive cells in hippocampus CA3 region of Naja Naja atra venom group were higher markedly than that of saline and control groups(P0.01).Conclusion Naja Naja atra venom could increase the expression of Nestin in hippocampus CA3 region of adult rats.
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Effect of Naja Naja atra venom on the expression of Nestin in subiculum of adult rats
Journal of Snake, 2011Co-Authors: Xiong Ke-renAbstract:Objective To investigate the effects of Naja Naja atra venom on the expression of Nestin in subiculum of adult rats.Methods The methods of immunohistochemistry technique were used to observe the different expression of Nestin positive cells in Naja Naja atra venom group,saline group and control group.Results The number of Nestin positive cells in subiculum of Naja Naja atra venom group were higher markedly than that of saline and control groups(P0.01).Conclusion Naja Naja atra venom could increase the expression of Nestin in subiculum of rats.
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Effect of Naja Naja atra venom on expression of c-fos in pons reticular nucleus of rats
Journal of Snake, 2011Co-Authors: Xiong Ke-renAbstract:Objective To investigate the effects of Naja Naja atra venom on the expression of c-fos in pons reticular nucleus of rats.Methods The methods of immunohistochemistry technique were used to observe the different expression of c-fos positive cells in Naja Naja atra venom group,saline group and control group.Results The number of c-fos positive cells in pons reticular nucleus of Naja Naja atra venom group were higher markedly than that of saline and control groups(P0.05).Conclusion Naja Naja atra venom could increase the expression of c-fos in pons reticular nucleus of rats.
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Effect of Naja Naja atra Venmom on Expression of nNOS in ARC of Rats
Journal of Snake, 2010Co-Authors: Xiong Ke-renAbstract:Objective To investigate the effects of Naja Naja atra venom on the expression of nNOS in ARC of rats.Methods The methods of immunohistochemistry technique were used to observe the expression of nNOS positive cells among Naja Naja atra venom group,saline group and control group.Results The number of nNOS positive cells in ARC of Naja Naja atra venom group were lower than that of saline and control groups and the celluar average optic density value of Naja Naja atra venom group was higher than that of saline and control group(P0.05).Conclusion Naja Naja atra venom could decrease the expression of nNOS in ARC of rats.
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Effect of Naja Naja atra Venom on Expression of c-fos in Thalamic Reticular Nucleus of Rats
Journal of Snake, 2010Co-Authors: Xiong Ke-renAbstract:Objective To investigate the effects of Naja Naja atra venom on the expression of c-fos in thalamic reticular nucleus of rats.Methods The methods of immunohistochemistry technique were used to observe the different expression of c-fos positive cells in Naja Naja atra venom group,saline group and control group.Results The number of c-fos positive cells in tha-lamic reticular nucleus of Naja Naja atra venom group were higher markedly than that of saline and control groups(P0.01).Conclusion Naja Naja atra venom could increase the expression of c-fos in thalamic reticular nucleus of rats.
R.c. Hider - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Use of HPLC to demonstrate variation of venom toxin composition in the Thailand cobra venoms Naja Naja kaouthia and Naja Naja siamensis.
Toxicon, 2002Co-Authors: Sholeh Namiranian, R.c. HiderAbstract:The composition of the venoms of Naja Naja kaouthia and Naja Naja siamensis from different commercial sources has been investigated using both ion-exchange and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in order to investigate variation in toxin contents. The venoms contained identical major toxin components, although in different relative concentrations. The venom collected separately from the left and right glands of individual snakes were virtually the same as judged by RP-HPLC. The cytotoxin CT-II, which was previously only reported to be present in Naja Naja siamensis venom, was detected in all the venoms investigated. Two long neurotoxin homologues have also been isolated.
Zafar H. Zaidi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Primary structure of hemoglobin from cobraNaja Naja Naja
Journal of Protein Chemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Sabira Naqvi, Atiya Abbasi, Zafar H. ZaidiAbstract:Cobra snake Naja Naja Naja hemoglobin shows four bands on Triton electrophoresis. We present the primary structure of one α and one β chain. The separation of polypeptide chains was achieved by ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose column. The amino acid sequence was established by automatic Edman degradation of the native chains and tryptic and hydrolytic peptides in a gas-phase sequencer. The structural data are compared with those of human and other reptile hemoglobins and reveal not only large variations from human but within reptiles. The amino acid exchanges involve several subunit contacts and heme binding sites. This is the first study on the hemoglobin of a land snake. There are only two amino acid sequences of sea snake hemoglobin ( Microcephalophis gracilis gracilis and Liophis miliaris) reported in the literature.
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Primary structure of hemoglobin from cobra Naja Naja Naja
Journal of protein chemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Sabira Naqvi, Atiya Abbasi, Zafar H. ZaidiAbstract:Cobra snakeNaja Naja Naja hemoglobin shows four bands on Triton electrophoresis. We present the primary structure of oneα and oneβ chain. The separation of polypeptide chains was achieved by ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose column. The amino acid sequence was established by automatic Edman degradation of the native chains and tryptic and hydrolytic peptides in a gas-phase sequencer. The structural data are compared with those of human and other reptile hemoglobins and reveal not only large variations from human but within reptiles. The amino acid exchanges involve several subunit contacts and heme binding sites. This is the first study on the hemoglobin of a land snake. There are only two amino acid sequences of sea snake hemoglobin (Microcephalophis gracilis gracilis andLiophis miliaris) reported in the literature.
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Extensive multiplicity of the miscellaneous type of neurotoxins from the venom of the cobra Naja Naja Naja and structural characterization of major components
FEBS letters, 1991Co-Authors: Jawed Shafqat, Zafar H. Zaidi, Abdur Rehman Siddiqi, Hans JörnvallAbstract:A multiplicity of miscellaneous type neurotoxins were detected in the venom of the cobra Naja Naja Naja by use of reverse-phase HPLC and FPLC. The primary structures of major forms were determined, giving 4 novel structures. All four contain 62–65 residues, with 10 half-cystine residues and resemble the miscellaneous type of toxins from other Naja species. Differences within the species are extensive, exchanges occur at 27 positions, giving only 58% residue identity between all forms. However, the differences are largely limited to 3 regions corresponding to structurally important loops where two functional residues participating in receptor binding are exchanged. The four miscellaneous neurotoxins now characterized, together with the minor components of the miscellaneous type, the minimally four neurotoxins reported before, and other related toxins, indicate the existence of an extensive toxin gene multiplicity.
Edward A. Dennis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Structures of two novel crystal forms of Naja Naja Naja phospholipase A2 lacking Ca2+ reveal trimeric packing.
Journal of molecular biology, 1998Co-Authors: Brent W. Segelke, D. Nguyen, R. Chee, Nguyen-huu Xuong, Edward A. DennisAbstract:Abstract Three crystal forms of Naja Naja Naja phospholipase A 2 were discovered through random crystallization screening, including two heretofore uncharacterized forms. The crystallization conditions for both of these novel crystal forms are Ca 2+ -free whereas previously reported conditions include Ca 2+ . One of the new crystal forms has a cubic lattice in the space group P 2 1 3 ( a = b = c =69.24 A), the other has an orthorhombic lattice in the space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 ( a =67.22 A, b =73.48 A, c =87.52 A) and a previously characterized crystal belong to the tetragonal space group P 4 3 2 1 2 ( a = b =88.6 A, c =107.4 A). The structure from the cubic crystal form has been determined to 1.8 A and refined to an R -factor of 17% while the structure from the orthorhombic form has been determined to 2.65 A and has been refined to an R -factor of 21%. The determination of the cubic structure extends the resolution to which structures of this molecule have been determined from 2.3 A to 1.8 A. The two newly determined structures, in combination with the previously determined structure, generate an informative structural ensemble from which structural changes due to Ca 2+ , which is required for catalysis, and the effect of crystal contacts on side-chain conformations and oligomeric association can be inferred. Both of the newly determined structures reveal a trimeric oligomer as observed in the tetragonal structure; this appears to be a unique feature of the Naja Naja Naja enzyme.
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Cobra venom phospholipase A2: Naja Naja Naja.
Methods in enzymology, 1991Co-Authors: Laure J. Reynolds, Edward A. DennisAbstract:Publisher Summary Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a major component of most snake venoms and can be purified in large quantities from this source. Purification of the enzyme is complicated by the presence of multiple isozymes in many species. The venom from the Indian cobra (Naja Naja Naja) contains as many as 14 PLA2 isozymes. This chapter describes the purification of an acidic phospholipase A2 from this source. The standard assay mixture contains 5 mM egg phosphatidylcholine, 20 mM Triton X-100, and 10 mM CaCl2. The appropriate volume of egg phosphatidylcholine solution is measured into a homogenization tube. The sample is dried first under a stream of nitrogen then under vacuum until all the chloroform has evaporated. The appropriate amounts of Triton X-100 and CaCl2 are added, and the solution is brought to the final volume by addition of deionized water. The assay is also routinely performed with commercially available dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine as a substrate. The purification scheme is carried out at room temperature. Protein concentrations are determined by using the correction factor for Naja Naja Naja phospholipase A2. The Lowry assay overestimates the protein concentration for this enzyme when bovine serum albumin is used as a standard. Therefore, protein values obtained by this method are multiplied by a factor of 0.66 to obtain the correct value. This procedure yields a PLA2 preparation that displays a single protein band on analytical isoelectric focusing, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), and Ouchterlony double-diffusion precipitation tests.
Hans Jörnvall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Extensive multiplicity of the miscellaneous type of neurotoxins from the venom of the cobra Naja Naja Naja and structural characterization of major components
FEBS letters, 1991Co-Authors: Jawed Shafqat, Zafar H. Zaidi, Abdur Rehman Siddiqi, Hans JörnvallAbstract:A multiplicity of miscellaneous type neurotoxins were detected in the venom of the cobra Naja Naja Naja by use of reverse-phase HPLC and FPLC. The primary structures of major forms were determined, giving 4 novel structures. All four contain 62–65 residues, with 10 half-cystine residues and resemble the miscellaneous type of toxins from other Naja species. Differences within the species are extensive, exchanges occur at 27 positions, giving only 58% residue identity between all forms. However, the differences are largely limited to 3 regions corresponding to structurally important loops where two functional residues participating in receptor binding are exchanged. The four miscellaneous neurotoxins now characterized, together with the minor components of the miscellaneous type, the minimally four neurotoxins reported before, and other related toxins, indicate the existence of an extensive toxin gene multiplicity.
