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David M. Shuker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genomics of sex allocation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis
BMC Genomics, 2020Co-Authors: Nicola Cook, Louis Van De Zande, Joost Van Den Heuvel, David M. ShukerAbstract:Whilst adaptive facultative sex allocation has been widely studied at the phenotypic level across a broad range of organisms, we still know remarkably little about its genetic architecture. Here, we explore the genome-wide basis of sex ratio variation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, perhaps the best studied organism in terms of sex allocation, and well known for its response to local mate competition. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for single foundress sex ratios using iso-female lines derived from the recently developed outbred N. vitripennis laboratory strain HVRx. The iso-female lines capture a sample of the genetic variation in HVRx and we present them as the first iteration of the Nasonia vitripennis Genome Reference Panel (NVGRP 1.0). This panel provides an assessment of the standing genetic variation for sex ratio in the study population. Using the NVGRP, we discovered a cluster of 18 linked SNPs, encompassing 9 annotated loci associated with sex ratio variation. Furthermore, we found evidence that sex ratio has a shared genetic basis with clutch size on three different chromosomes. Our approach provides a thorough description of the quantitative genetic basis of sex ratio variation in Nasonia at the genome level and reveals a number of inter-related candidate loci underlying sex allocation regulation.
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genomics of sex allocation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Nicola Cook, Louis Van De Zande, Joost Van Den Heuvel, David M. ShukerAbstract:Background: Whilst adaptive facultative sex allocation has been widely studied at the phenotypic level across a broad range of organisms, we still know remarkably little about its genetic architecture. Here, we explore the genome-wide basis of sex ratio variation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, perhaps the best studied organism in terms of sex allocation, and well known for its response to local mate competition (LMC). Results: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for single foundress sex ratios using iso-female lines derived from the recently developed outbred N. vitripennis laboratory strain HVRx. The iso-female lines capture a sample of the genetic variation in HVRx and we present them as the first iteration of the Nasonia vitripennis Genome Reference Panel (NVGRP 1.0). This panel provides an assessment of the standing genetic variation for sex ratio in the study population. Using the NVGRP, we discovered a cluster of 18 linked SNPs, encompassing 9 annotated loci associated with sex ratio variation. Furthermore, we found evidence that sex ratio has a shared genetic basis with clutch size on three different chromosomes. Conclusions: Our approach provides a thorough description of the quantitative genetic basis of sex ratio variation in Nasonia at the genome level and reveals a number of inter-related candidate loci underlying sex allocation regulation.
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Nasonia vitripennis Genome Reference Panel 1.0
2017Co-Authors: Bart A. Pannebakker, Nicola Cook, Louis Van De Zande, Joost Van Den Heuvel, David M. ShukerAbstract:Nasonia vitripennis Genome Reference Panel 1.0: a set of 34 inbred lines derived from the HVRx outbred laboratory population. Applications are quantitative genetics and GWAS of complex traits.
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DNA methylation and sex allocation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis
The American naturalist, 2015Co-Authors: Nicola Cook, Eran Tauber, Bart A. Pannebakker, David M. ShukerAbstract:AbstractThe role of epigenetics in the control and evolution of behavior is being increasingly recognized. Here we test whether DNA methylation influences patterns of adaptive sex allocation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. Female N. vitripennis allocate offspring sex broadly in line with local mate competition (LMC) theory. However, recent theory has highlighted how genomic conflict may influence sex allocation under LMC, conflict that requires parent-of-origin information to be retained by alleles through some form of epigenetic signal. We manipulated whole-genome DNA methylation in N. vitripennis females using the hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Across two replicated experiments, we show that disruption of DNA methylation does not ablate the facultative sex allocation response of females, as sex ratios still vary with cofoundress number as in the classical theory. However, sex ratios are generally shifted upward when DNA methylation is disrupted. Our data are consistent with pr...
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Correction: The Transcriptomic Basis of Oviposition Behaviour in the Parasitoid Wasp Nasonia vitripennis
PLoS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Urmi Trivedi, Mark Blaxter, Rebekah Watt, David M. ShukerAbstract:The name of the third author was incorrectly given. The correct name is: Mark L. Blaxter. The correct citation is: Pannebakker BA, Trivedi U, Blaxter ML, Watt R, Shuker DM (2013) The Transcriptomic Basis of Oviposition Behaviour in the Parasitoid Wasp Nasonia vitripennis. PLoS ONE 8(7): e68608. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068608. The correct abbreviation in the Author Contributions Statement is: MLB.
Leo W Beukeboom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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latitudinal variation in circadian rhythmicity in Nasonia vitripennis
Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 2019Co-Authors: Silvia Paolucci, Louis Van De Zande, Elena Dalla Benetta, Lucia Salis, David Doležel, Leo W BeukeboomAbstract:Many physiological processes of living organisms show circadian rhythms, governed by an endogenous clock. This clock has a genetic basis and is entrained by external cues, such as light and temperature. Other physiological processes exhibit seasonal rhythms, that are also responsive to light and temperature. We previously reported a natural latitudinal cline of photoperiodic diapause induction in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis in Europe and a correlated haplotype frequency for the circadian clock gene period (per). To evaluate if this correlation is reflected in circadian behaviour, we investigated the circadian locomotor activity of seven populations from the cline. We found that the proportion of rhythmic males was higher than females in constant darkness, and that mating decreased rhythmicity of both sexes. Only for virgin females, the free running period (τ) increased weakly with latitude. Wasps from the most southern locality had an overall shorter free running rhythm and earlier onset, peak, and offset of activity during the 24 h period, than wasps from the northernmost locality. We evaluated this variation in rhythmicity as a function of period haplotype frequencies in the populations and discussed its functional significance in the context of local adaptation.
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latitudinal variation in circadian rhythmicity in Nasonia vitripennis
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Silvia Paolucci, Louis Van De Zande, Elena Dalla Benetta, Lucia Salis, David Doležel, Leo W BeukeboomAbstract:ABSTRACT Many physiological processes of living organisms show circadian rhythms, governed by an endogenous clock. This clock has a genetic basis and is entrained by external cues such as light and temperature. Other physiological processes exhibit seasonal rhythms, that are also responsive to light and temperature. We previously reported a natural latitudinal cline of photoperiodic diapause induction in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis in Europe and a correlated haplotype frequency for the circadian clock gene period (per). To evaluate if this correlation is reflected in circadian behaviour, we investigated circadian locomotor activity of seven populations from the cline. We found that the proportion of rhythmic males is higher than females in constant darkness, and that mating decreased rhythmicity of both sexes. Only for virgin females, the free running period (τ) increased weakly with latitude. Wasps from the most southern locality had an overall shorter free running rhythm and earlier onset, peak and offset of activity during the 24 h period, than wasps from the northernmost locality. We evaluate this variation in rhythmicity as a function of period haplotype frequencies in the populations and discuss its functional significance in the context of local adaptation.
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Genetics of sex determination in the haplodiploid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea).
Journal of genetics, 2010Co-Authors: Leo W Beukeboom, Louis Van De ZandeAbstract:The parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis reproduces by haplodiploidy; males are haploid and females are diploid. Sex determination in Nasonia is not governed by complementary alleles at one or more sex loci. As in most other insects, the sex-determining pathway consists of the basal switch doublesex that is sex-specifically regulated by transformer. Analysis of a polyploid and a mutant gynandromorphic strain, suggested a parent-specific effect (imprinting) on sex determination in Nasonia. Zygotic activity of transformer is autoregulated and depends on a combination of maternal provision of tra mRNA and a paternal genome set. This constitutes a novel way of transformer control in insect sex determination implying maternal imprinting. The nature of the maternal imprint is not yet known and it remains to be determined how broadly the Nasonia sex-determining mechanism applies to other haplodiploids.
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Phylogeography of Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera) indicates a mitochondrial– Wolbachia sweep in North America
Heredity, 2010Co-Authors: Rhitoban Raychoudhury, Bernd K. Grillenberger, Rudolf Bijlsma, Louis Van De Zande, Juergen Gadau, Leo W BeukeboomAbstract:Phylogeography of Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera) indicates a mitochondrial– Wolbachia sweep in North America
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Inheritance of Gynandromorphism in the Parasitic Wasp Nasonia vitripennis
Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: A. Kamping, Leo W Beukeboom, Vaishali Katju, John H. WerrenAbstract:The parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis has haplo-diploid sex determination. Males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, whereas females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid. Females and males can be easily distinguished by their morphology. A strain that produces individuals with both male and female features (gynandromorphs) is studied. We provide data on female/male patterning within and between individuals, on environmental effects influencing the occurrence of gynandromorphism, and on its pattern of inheritance. A clear anterior/posterior pattern of feminization is evident in gynandromorphic individuals that developed from unfertilized haploid eggs. The proportion of gynandromorphic individuals can be increased by exposing the mothers to high temperature and also by exposing embryos at early stages of development. Selection for increased gynandromorph frequency was successful. Backcross and introgression experiments showed that a combination of a nuclear and a heritable cytoplasmic component causes gynandromorphism. Analyses of reciprocal F2 and F3 progeny indicate a maternal effect locus (gyn1) that maps to chromosome IV. Coupled with previous studies, our results are consistent with a N. vitripennis sex determination involving a maternal/zygotic balance system and/or maternal imprinting. Genetics and temperature effects suggest a temperature-sensitive mutation of a maternally produced masculinizing product that acts during a critical period in early embryogenesis.
Louis Van De Zande - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genomics of sex allocation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis
BMC Genomics, 2020Co-Authors: Nicola Cook, Louis Van De Zande, Joost Van Den Heuvel, David M. ShukerAbstract:Whilst adaptive facultative sex allocation has been widely studied at the phenotypic level across a broad range of organisms, we still know remarkably little about its genetic architecture. Here, we explore the genome-wide basis of sex ratio variation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, perhaps the best studied organism in terms of sex allocation, and well known for its response to local mate competition. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for single foundress sex ratios using iso-female lines derived from the recently developed outbred N. vitripennis laboratory strain HVRx. The iso-female lines capture a sample of the genetic variation in HVRx and we present them as the first iteration of the Nasonia vitripennis Genome Reference Panel (NVGRP 1.0). This panel provides an assessment of the standing genetic variation for sex ratio in the study population. Using the NVGRP, we discovered a cluster of 18 linked SNPs, encompassing 9 annotated loci associated with sex ratio variation. Furthermore, we found evidence that sex ratio has a shared genetic basis with clutch size on three different chromosomes. Our approach provides a thorough description of the quantitative genetic basis of sex ratio variation in Nasonia at the genome level and reveals a number of inter-related candidate loci underlying sex allocation regulation.
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genomics of sex allocation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Nicola Cook, Louis Van De Zande, Joost Van Den Heuvel, David M. ShukerAbstract:Background: Whilst adaptive facultative sex allocation has been widely studied at the phenotypic level across a broad range of organisms, we still know remarkably little about its genetic architecture. Here, we explore the genome-wide basis of sex ratio variation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, perhaps the best studied organism in terms of sex allocation, and well known for its response to local mate competition (LMC). Results: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for single foundress sex ratios using iso-female lines derived from the recently developed outbred N. vitripennis laboratory strain HVRx. The iso-female lines capture a sample of the genetic variation in HVRx and we present them as the first iteration of the Nasonia vitripennis Genome Reference Panel (NVGRP 1.0). This panel provides an assessment of the standing genetic variation for sex ratio in the study population. Using the NVGRP, we discovered a cluster of 18 linked SNPs, encompassing 9 annotated loci associated with sex ratio variation. Furthermore, we found evidence that sex ratio has a shared genetic basis with clutch size on three different chromosomes. Conclusions: Our approach provides a thorough description of the quantitative genetic basis of sex ratio variation in Nasonia at the genome level and reveals a number of inter-related candidate loci underlying sex allocation regulation.
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latitudinal variation in circadian rhythmicity in Nasonia vitripennis
Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 2019Co-Authors: Silvia Paolucci, Louis Van De Zande, Elena Dalla Benetta, Lucia Salis, David Doležel, Leo W BeukeboomAbstract:Many physiological processes of living organisms show circadian rhythms, governed by an endogenous clock. This clock has a genetic basis and is entrained by external cues, such as light and temperature. Other physiological processes exhibit seasonal rhythms, that are also responsive to light and temperature. We previously reported a natural latitudinal cline of photoperiodic diapause induction in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis in Europe and a correlated haplotype frequency for the circadian clock gene period (per). To evaluate if this correlation is reflected in circadian behaviour, we investigated the circadian locomotor activity of seven populations from the cline. We found that the proportion of rhythmic males was higher than females in constant darkness, and that mating decreased rhythmicity of both sexes. Only for virgin females, the free running period (τ) increased weakly with latitude. Wasps from the most southern locality had an overall shorter free running rhythm and earlier onset, peak, and offset of activity during the 24 h period, than wasps from the northernmost locality. We evaluated this variation in rhythmicity as a function of period haplotype frequencies in the populations and discussed its functional significance in the context of local adaptation.
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latitudinal variation in circadian rhythmicity in Nasonia vitripennis
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Silvia Paolucci, Louis Van De Zande, Elena Dalla Benetta, Lucia Salis, David Doležel, Leo W BeukeboomAbstract:ABSTRACT Many physiological processes of living organisms show circadian rhythms, governed by an endogenous clock. This clock has a genetic basis and is entrained by external cues such as light and temperature. Other physiological processes exhibit seasonal rhythms, that are also responsive to light and temperature. We previously reported a natural latitudinal cline of photoperiodic diapause induction in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis in Europe and a correlated haplotype frequency for the circadian clock gene period (per). To evaluate if this correlation is reflected in circadian behaviour, we investigated circadian locomotor activity of seven populations from the cline. We found that the proportion of rhythmic males is higher than females in constant darkness, and that mating decreased rhythmicity of both sexes. Only for virgin females, the free running period (τ) increased weakly with latitude. Wasps from the most southern locality had an overall shorter free running rhythm and earlier onset, peak and offset of activity during the 24 h period, than wasps from the northernmost locality. We evaluate this variation in rhythmicity as a function of period haplotype frequencies in the populations and discuss its functional significance in the context of local adaptation.
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Nasonia vitripennis Genome Reference Panel 1.0
2017Co-Authors: Bart A. Pannebakker, Nicola Cook, Louis Van De Zande, Joost Van Den Heuvel, David M. ShukerAbstract:Nasonia vitripennis Genome Reference Panel 1.0: a set of 34 inbred lines derived from the HVRx outbred laboratory population. Applications are quantitative genetics and GWAS of complex traits.
Stuart A West - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the quantitative genetic basis of sex ratio variation in Nasonia vitripennis a qtl study
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2011Co-Authors: Bart A. Pannebakker, David M. Shuker, Stuart A West, Rebekah Watt, Sara KnottAbstract:Our understanding of how natural selection should shape sex allocation is perhaps more developed than for any other trait. However, this understanding is not matched by our knowledge of the genetic basis of sex allocation. Here, we examine the genetic basis of sex ratio variation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, a species well known for its response to local mate competition (LMC). We identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for sex ratio on chromosome 2 and three weaker QTL on chromosomes 3 and 5. We tested predictions that genes associated with sex ratio should be pleiotropic for other traits by seeing if sex ratio QTL co-occurred with clutch size QTL. We found one clutch size QTL on chromosome 1, and six weaker QTL across chromosomes 2, 3 and 5, with some overlap to regions associated with sex ratio. The results suggest rather limited scope for pleiotropy between these traits.
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The quantitative genetic basis of polyandry in the parasitoid wasp, Nasonia vitripennis.
Heredity, 2006Co-Authors: David M. Shuker, A J Phillimore, Maxwell N. Burton-chellew, S E Hodge, Stuart A WestAbstract:Understanding the evolution of female multiple mating (polyandry) is crucial for understanding sexual selection and sexual conflict. Despite this interest, little is known about its genetic basis or whether genetics influences the evolutionary origin or maintenance of polyandry. Here, we explore the quantitative genetic basis of polyandry in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, a species in which female re-mating has been observed to evolve in the laboratory. We performed a quantitative genetic experiment on a recently collected population of wasps. We found low heritabilities of female polyandry (re-mating frequency after 18 h), low heritability of courtship duration and a slightly higher heritability of copulation duration. However, the coefficients of additive genetic variance for these traits were all reasonably large (CVA>7.0). We also found considerable dam effects for all traits after controlling for common environment, suggesting either dominance or maternal effects. Our work adds to the evidence that nonadditive genetic effects may influence the evolution of mating behaviour in Nasonia vitripennis, and the evolution of polyandry more generally.
Jeremy A. Lynch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ancient and diverged TGF-β signaling components in Nasonia vitripennis.
Development genes and evolution, 2014Co-Authors: Orhan Özüak, Thomas Buchta, Siegfried Roth, Jeremy A. LynchAbstract:The transforming growth factor beta (TGF)-β signaling pathway and its modulators are involved in many aspects of cellular growth and differentiation in all metazoa. Although most of the core components of the pathway are highly conserved, many lineage-specific adaptations have been observed including changes regarding paralog number, presence and absence of modulators, and functional relevance for particular processes. In the parasitic jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), one of the major subgroups of the TGF-β superfamily, play a more fundamental role in dorsoventral (DV) patterning than in all other insects studied so far. However, Nasonia lacks the BMP antagonist Short gastrulation (Sog)/chordin, which is essential for polarizing the BMP gradient along the DV axis in most bilaterian animals. Here, we present a broad survey of TGF-β signaling in Nasonia with the aim to detect other lineage-specific peculiarities and to identify potential mechanisms, which explain how BMP-dependent DV pattering occurs in the early Nasonia embryo in the absence of Sog.
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patterning the dorsal ventral axis of the wasp Nasonia vitripennis
Developmental Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Thomas Buchta, Jeremy A. Lynch, Orhan Özüak, Siegfried Roth, Dominik StappertAbstract:Regulatory networks composed of interacting genes are responsible for pattern formation and cell type specification in a wide variety of developmental contexts. Evolution must act on these regulatory networks in order to change the proportions, distribution, and characteristics of specified cells. Thus, understanding how these networks operate in homologous systems across multiple levels of phylogenetic divergence is critical for understanding the evolution of developmental systems. Among the most thoroughly characterized regulatory networks is the dorsal-ventral patterning system of the fly Drosophila melanogaster. Due to the thorough understanding of this system, it is an ideal starting point for comparative analyses. Here we report an analysis of the DV patterning system of the wasp, Nasonia vitripennis. This wasp undergoes a mode of long germ embryogenesis that is superficially nearly identical to that of Drosophila, but one that was likely independently derived. We have found that while the expression of genes just prior to the onset of gastrulation is almost identical in Nasonia and Drosophila, both the upstream network responsible for generating this pattern, and the downstream morphogenetic movements that it sets in motion, are significantly diverged. From this we conclude that many network structures are available to evolution to achieve particular developmental ends.
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Patterning the dorsal–ventral axis of the wasp Nasonia vitripennis
Developmental biology, 2013Co-Authors: Thomas Buchta, Orhan Özüak, Siegfried Roth, Dominik Stappert, Jeremy A. LynchAbstract:Regulatory networks composed of interacting genes are responsible for pattern formation and cell type specification in a wide variety of developmental contexts. Evolution must act on these regulatory networks in order to change the proportions, distribution, and characteristics of specified cells. Thus, understanding how these networks operate in homologous systems across multiple levels of phylogenetic divergence is critical for understanding the evolution of developmental systems. Among the most thoroughly characterized regulatory networks is the dorsal-ventral patterning system of the fly Drosophila melanogaster. Due to the thorough understanding of this system, it is an ideal starting point for comparative analyses. Here we report an analysis of the DV patterning system of the wasp, Nasonia vitripennis. This wasp undergoes a mode of long germ embryogenesis that is superficially nearly identical to that of Drosophila, but one that was likely independently derived. We have found that while the expression of genes just prior to the onset of gastrulation is almost identical in Nasonia and Drosophila, both the upstream network responsible for generating this pattern, and the downstream morphogenetic movements that it sets in motion, are significantly diverged. From this we conclude that many network structures are available to evolution to achieve particular developmental ends.
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A method for parental RNA interference in the wasp Nasonia vitripennis
Nature protocols, 2006Co-Authors: Jeremy A. Lynch, Claude DesplanAbstract:The wasp Nasonia vitripennis is emerging as a useful model organism in which to address a variety of biological questions, due, in part, to its ease of laboratory use, unique aspects of its biology and the sequencing of its genome. In order to take full advantage of the potential of this organism, methods for manipulating gene function are needed. To this end, a protocol for parental RNA interference (pRNAi) in N. vitripennis is described. pRNAi entails injecting pupae with double-stranded RNA, allowing the injected wasps to eclose and examining the progeny for developmental defects. This basic protocol is described in the context of the life cycle of N. vitripennis. This technique has been useful in elucidating the function of most, although not all, genes tested to date, and has potential applications beyond embryonic patterning. pRNAi experiments in Nasonia can be completed in as little as 2 weeks.
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Regulation and function of tailless in the long germ wasp Nasonia vitripennis
Development Genes and Evolution, 2006Co-Authors: Jeremy A. Lynch, Eugenia C. Olesnicky, Claude DesplanAbstract:In the long germ insect Drosophila, the gene tailless acts to pattern the terminal regions of the embryo. Loss of function of this gene results in the deletion of the anterior and posterior terminal structures and the eighth abdominal segment. Drosophila tailless is activated by the maternal terminal system through Torso signaling at both poles of the embryo, with additional activation by Bicoid at the anterior. Here, we describe the expression and function of tailless in a long germ Hymenoptera, the wasp Nasonia vitripennis. Despite the morphological similarities in the mode of development of these two insects, we find major differences in the regulation and function of tailless between Nasonia and Drosophila. In contrast to the fly, Nasonia tll appears to rely on otd for its activation at both poles. In addition, the anterior domain of Nasonia tll appears to have little or no segmental patterning function, while the posterior tll domain has a much more extensive patterning role than its Drosophila counterpart.
