The Experts below are selected from a list of 90 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hermann Hofbauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Techno-economic assessment of biomass-based Natural Gas Substitutes against the background of the EU 2018 renewable energy directive
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2018Co-Authors: Michael Kraussler, Florian Pontzen, Matthias Müller-hagedorn, Leopold Nenning, Markus Luisser, Hermann HofbauerAbstract:This paper investigates biomethane and BioSNG production processes against the background of the 2018 renewable fuel directive of the European Union (EU). The investigated biomethane processes use manure, clover grass, and grass silage as feedstock, are based on membrane separation Gas upgrading processes, and generate 1.0 and 4.8 MW of biomethane. The investigated BioSNG processes use wood chips as feedstock, are based on the dual fluidized bed steam Gasification technology and the VESTA SNG process from Amec Foster Wheeler, and generate 6.1, 12.2, and 49.1 MW BioSNG. The techno-economic assessment shows that the biomethane processes have, in general, a lower break-even price for the generated Natural Gas Substitute. However, their scalability is limited and at larger scale (49.1 MW BioSNG capacity), the BioSNG processes become competitive. The 1.0 MW biomethane and all BioSNG plants meet the 2018 renewable fuel directive of the EU. In contrast, the 4.8 MW biomethane process does not meet the directive as the feedstock, which is mainly based on energy crops, causes significant CH_4 and CO_2 emissions.
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an experimental approach aiming the production of a Gas mixture composed of hydrogen and methane from biomass as Natural Gas Substitute in industrial applications
Bioresource Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Michael Kraussler, Philipp Schindler, Hermann HofbauerAbstract:Abstract This work presents an experimental approach aiming the production of a Gas mixture composed of H2 and CH4, which should serve as Natural Gas Substitute in industrial applications. Therefore, a lab-scale process chain employing a water Gas shift unit, scrubbing units, and a pressure swing adsorption unit was operated with tar-rich product Gas extracted from a commercial dual fluidized bed biomass steam Gasification plant. A Gas mixture with a volumetric fraction of about 80% H2 and 19% CH4 and with minor fractions of CO and CO2 was produced by employing carbon molecular sieve as adsorbent. Moreover, the produced Gas mixture had a lower heating value of about 15.5 MJ·m−3 and a lower Wobbe index of about 43.4 MJ·m−3, which is similar to the typical Wobbe index of Natural Gas.
Michael Harasek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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BioGas desulfurization and bioGas upgrading using a hybrid membrane system - modeling study.
Water Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: A Makaruk, Martin Miltner, Michael HarasekAbstract:Membrane Gas permeation using glassy membranes proved to be a suitable method for bioGas upgrading and Natural Gas Substitute production on account of low energy consumption and high compactness. Glassy membranes are very effective in the separation of bulk carbon dioxide and water from a methane-containing stream. However, the content of hydrogen sulfide can be lowered only partially. This work employs process modeling based upon the finite difference method to evaluate a hybrid membrane system built of a combination of rubbery and glassy membranes. The former are responsible for the separation of hydrogen sulfide and the latter separate carbon dioxide to produce standard-conform Natural Gas Substitute. The evaluation focuses on the most critical upgrading parameters like achievable Gas purity, methane recovery and specific energy consumption. The obtained results indicate that the evaluated hybrid membrane configuration is a potentially efficient system for the bioGas processing tasks that do not require high methane recoveries, and allows effective desulfurization for medium and high hydrogen sulfide concentrations without additional process steps.
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membrane bioGas upgrading processes for the production of Natural Gas Substitute
Separation and Purification Technology, 2010Co-Authors: A Makaruk, Martin Miltner, Michael HarasekAbstract:Abstract The bioGas processing and production of Natural Gas Substitute have gained importance in recent years. It is often considered to be superior to the production of electricity with internal combustion engines mainly because of the better energy utilisation. The processed bioGas in the form of Natural Gas Substitute can be supplied to the already developed Natural Gas grids and delivered to households and industry. Alternatively, it can be used as a fuel for CNG-vehicles. The present work reviews the literature information that is available on the bioGas upgrading processes, the bioGas compositions and the permeation of bioGas components through typical polymeric membranes. Subsequently, the membrane configurations for bioGas upgrading are discussed and thoroughly simulated using numerical modelling. The work proposes basic concepts for the integration of membrane bioGas upgrading plants into bioGas plants while taking into account the permeate utilisation and the heating requirements of bioGas plants. The membrane Gas permeation systems provide enough flexibility for heat integration within bioGas plants. The expected energy requirement for a single produced cubic meter of Natural Gas Substitute is equal to around 0.3 kWh.
A Makaruk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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BioGas desulfurization and bioGas upgrading using a hybrid membrane system - modeling study.
Water Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: A Makaruk, Martin Miltner, Michael HarasekAbstract:Membrane Gas permeation using glassy membranes proved to be a suitable method for bioGas upgrading and Natural Gas Substitute production on account of low energy consumption and high compactness. Glassy membranes are very effective in the separation of bulk carbon dioxide and water from a methane-containing stream. However, the content of hydrogen sulfide can be lowered only partially. This work employs process modeling based upon the finite difference method to evaluate a hybrid membrane system built of a combination of rubbery and glassy membranes. The former are responsible for the separation of hydrogen sulfide and the latter separate carbon dioxide to produce standard-conform Natural Gas Substitute. The evaluation focuses on the most critical upgrading parameters like achievable Gas purity, methane recovery and specific energy consumption. The obtained results indicate that the evaluated hybrid membrane configuration is a potentially efficient system for the bioGas processing tasks that do not require high methane recoveries, and allows effective desulfurization for medium and high hydrogen sulfide concentrations without additional process steps.
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Design and scale-up of an oxidative scrubbing process for the selective removal of hydrogen sulfide from bioGas.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2012Co-Authors: J Krischan, A Makaruk, M HarasekAbstract:Reliable and selective removal of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is an essential part of the bioGas upgrading procedure in order to obtain a marketable and competitive Natural Gas Substitute for flexible utilization. A promising bioGas desulfurization technology has to ensure high separation efficiency regardless of process conditions or H(2)S load without the use or production of toxic or ecologically harmful substances. Alkaline oxidative scrubbing is an interesting alternative to existing desulfurization technologies and is investigated in this work. In experiments on a stirred tank reactor and a continuous scrubbing column in laboratory-scale, H(2)S was absorbed from a Gas stream containing large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) into an aqueous solution prepared from sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The influence of pH, redox potential and solution aging on the absorption efficiency and the consumption of chemicals was investigated. Because of the irreversible oxidation reactions of dissolved H(2)S with H(2)O(2), high H(2)S removal efficiencies were achieved while the CO(2) absorption was kept low. At an existing bioGas upgrading plant an industrial-scale pilot scrubber was constructed, which efficiently desulfurizes 180m(3)/h of raw bioGas with an average removal efficiency of 97%, even at relatively high and strongly fluctuating H(2)S contents in the crude Gas.
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membrane bioGas upgrading processes for the production of Natural Gas Substitute
Separation and Purification Technology, 2010Co-Authors: A Makaruk, Martin Miltner, Michael HarasekAbstract:Abstract The bioGas processing and production of Natural Gas Substitute have gained importance in recent years. It is often considered to be superior to the production of electricity with internal combustion engines mainly because of the better energy utilisation. The processed bioGas in the form of Natural Gas Substitute can be supplied to the already developed Natural Gas grids and delivered to households and industry. Alternatively, it can be used as a fuel for CNG-vehicles. The present work reviews the literature information that is available on the bioGas upgrading processes, the bioGas compositions and the permeation of bioGas components through typical polymeric membranes. Subsequently, the membrane configurations for bioGas upgrading are discussed and thoroughly simulated using numerical modelling. The work proposes basic concepts for the integration of membrane bioGas upgrading plants into bioGas plants while taking into account the permeate utilisation and the heating requirements of bioGas plants. The membrane Gas permeation systems provide enough flexibility for heat integration within bioGas plants. The expected energy requirement for a single produced cubic meter of Natural Gas Substitute is equal to around 0.3 kWh.
Michael Kraussler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Techno-economic assessment of biomass-based Natural Gas Substitutes against the background of the EU 2018 renewable energy directive
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2018Co-Authors: Michael Kraussler, Florian Pontzen, Matthias Müller-hagedorn, Leopold Nenning, Markus Luisser, Hermann HofbauerAbstract:This paper investigates biomethane and BioSNG production processes against the background of the 2018 renewable fuel directive of the European Union (EU). The investigated biomethane processes use manure, clover grass, and grass silage as feedstock, are based on membrane separation Gas upgrading processes, and generate 1.0 and 4.8 MW of biomethane. The investigated BioSNG processes use wood chips as feedstock, are based on the dual fluidized bed steam Gasification technology and the VESTA SNG process from Amec Foster Wheeler, and generate 6.1, 12.2, and 49.1 MW BioSNG. The techno-economic assessment shows that the biomethane processes have, in general, a lower break-even price for the generated Natural Gas Substitute. However, their scalability is limited and at larger scale (49.1 MW BioSNG capacity), the BioSNG processes become competitive. The 1.0 MW biomethane and all BioSNG plants meet the 2018 renewable fuel directive of the EU. In contrast, the 4.8 MW biomethane process does not meet the directive as the feedstock, which is mainly based on energy crops, causes significant CH_4 and CO_2 emissions.
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an experimental approach aiming the production of a Gas mixture composed of hydrogen and methane from biomass as Natural Gas Substitute in industrial applications
Bioresource Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Michael Kraussler, Philipp Schindler, Hermann HofbauerAbstract:Abstract This work presents an experimental approach aiming the production of a Gas mixture composed of H2 and CH4, which should serve as Natural Gas Substitute in industrial applications. Therefore, a lab-scale process chain employing a water Gas shift unit, scrubbing units, and a pressure swing adsorption unit was operated with tar-rich product Gas extracted from a commercial dual fluidized bed biomass steam Gasification plant. A Gas mixture with a volumetric fraction of about 80% H2 and 19% CH4 and with minor fractions of CO and CO2 was produced by employing carbon molecular sieve as adsorbent. Moreover, the produced Gas mixture had a lower heating value of about 15.5 MJ·m−3 and a lower Wobbe index of about 43.4 MJ·m−3, which is similar to the typical Wobbe index of Natural Gas.
Martin Miltner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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BioGas desulfurization and bioGas upgrading using a hybrid membrane system - modeling study.
Water Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: A Makaruk, Martin Miltner, Michael HarasekAbstract:Membrane Gas permeation using glassy membranes proved to be a suitable method for bioGas upgrading and Natural Gas Substitute production on account of low energy consumption and high compactness. Glassy membranes are very effective in the separation of bulk carbon dioxide and water from a methane-containing stream. However, the content of hydrogen sulfide can be lowered only partially. This work employs process modeling based upon the finite difference method to evaluate a hybrid membrane system built of a combination of rubbery and glassy membranes. The former are responsible for the separation of hydrogen sulfide and the latter separate carbon dioxide to produce standard-conform Natural Gas Substitute. The evaluation focuses on the most critical upgrading parameters like achievable Gas purity, methane recovery and specific energy consumption. The obtained results indicate that the evaluated hybrid membrane configuration is a potentially efficient system for the bioGas processing tasks that do not require high methane recoveries, and allows effective desulfurization for medium and high hydrogen sulfide concentrations without additional process steps.
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membrane bioGas upgrading processes for the production of Natural Gas Substitute
Separation and Purification Technology, 2010Co-Authors: A Makaruk, Martin Miltner, Michael HarasekAbstract:Abstract The bioGas processing and production of Natural Gas Substitute have gained importance in recent years. It is often considered to be superior to the production of electricity with internal combustion engines mainly because of the better energy utilisation. The processed bioGas in the form of Natural Gas Substitute can be supplied to the already developed Natural Gas grids and delivered to households and industry. Alternatively, it can be used as a fuel for CNG-vehicles. The present work reviews the literature information that is available on the bioGas upgrading processes, the bioGas compositions and the permeation of bioGas components through typical polymeric membranes. Subsequently, the membrane configurations for bioGas upgrading are discussed and thoroughly simulated using numerical modelling. The work proposes basic concepts for the integration of membrane bioGas upgrading plants into bioGas plants while taking into account the permeate utilisation and the heating requirements of bioGas plants. The membrane Gas permeation systems provide enough flexibility for heat integration within bioGas plants. The expected energy requirement for a single produced cubic meter of Natural Gas Substitute is equal to around 0.3 kWh.
