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Martin C J Maiden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamics of campylobacter colonization of a Natural Host sturnus vulgaris european starling
Environmental Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Frances M Colles, Noel D Mccarthy, J C Howe, C L Devereux, Andrew G Gosler, Martin C J MaidenAbstract:Wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) shed Campylobacter at high rates, suggesting that they may be a source of human and farm animal infection. A survey of Campylobacter shedding of 957 wild starlings was undertaken by culture of faecal specimens and genetic analysis of the campylobacters isolated: shedding rates were 30.6% for Campylobacter jejuni, 0.6% for C. coli and 6.3% for C. lari. Genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antigen sequence typing established that these bacteria were distinct from poultry or human disease isolates with the ST-177 and ST-682 clonal complexes possibly representing starling-adapted genotypes. There was seasonal variation in both shedding rate and genotypic diversity, both exhibiting a maximum during the late spring/early summer. Host age also affected Campylobacter shedding, which was higher in younger birds, and turnover was rapid with no evidence of cross-immunity among Campylobacter species or genotypes. In nestlings, C. jejuni shedding was evident from 9 days of age but siblings were not readily co-infected. The dynamics of Campylobacter infection of starlings differed from that observed in commercial poultry and consequently there was no evidence that wild starlings represent a major source of Campylobacter infections of food animals or humans.
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dynamics of campylobacter colonization of a Natural Host sturnus vulgaris european starling
Environmental Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Frances M Colles, Noel D Mccarthy, J C Howe, C L Devereux, Andrew G Gosler, Martin C J MaidenAbstract:Wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) shed Campylobacter at high rates, suggesting that they may be a source of human and farm animal infection. A survey of Campylobacter shedding of 957 wild starlings was undertaken by culture of faecal specimens and genetic analysis of the campylobacters isolated: shedding rates were 30.6% for Campylobacter jejuni, 0.6% for C. coli and 6.3% for C. lari. Genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antigen sequence typing established that these bacteria were distinct from poultry or human disease isolates with the ST-177 and ST-682 clonal complexes possibly representing starling-adapted genotypes. There was seasonal variation in both shedding rate and genotypic diversity, both exhibiting a maximum during the late spring/early summer. Host age also affected Campylobacter shedding, which was higher in younger birds, and turnover was rapid with no evidence of cross-immunity among Campylobacter species or genotypes. In nestlings, C. jejuni shedding was evident from 9 days of age but siblings were not readily co-infected. The dynamics of Campylobacter infection of starlings differed from that observed in commercial poultry and consequently there was no evidence that wild starlings represent a major source of Campylobacter infections of food animals or humans.
Frances M Colles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamics of campylobacter colonization of a Natural Host sturnus vulgaris european starling
Environmental Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Frances M Colles, Noel D Mccarthy, J C Howe, C L Devereux, Andrew G Gosler, Martin C J MaidenAbstract:Wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) shed Campylobacter at high rates, suggesting that they may be a source of human and farm animal infection. A survey of Campylobacter shedding of 957 wild starlings was undertaken by culture of faecal specimens and genetic analysis of the campylobacters isolated: shedding rates were 30.6% for Campylobacter jejuni, 0.6% for C. coli and 6.3% for C. lari. Genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antigen sequence typing established that these bacteria were distinct from poultry or human disease isolates with the ST-177 and ST-682 clonal complexes possibly representing starling-adapted genotypes. There was seasonal variation in both shedding rate and genotypic diversity, both exhibiting a maximum during the late spring/early summer. Host age also affected Campylobacter shedding, which was higher in younger birds, and turnover was rapid with no evidence of cross-immunity among Campylobacter species or genotypes. In nestlings, C. jejuni shedding was evident from 9 days of age but siblings were not readily co-infected. The dynamics of Campylobacter infection of starlings differed from that observed in commercial poultry and consequently there was no evidence that wild starlings represent a major source of Campylobacter infections of food animals or humans.
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dynamics of campylobacter colonization of a Natural Host sturnus vulgaris european starling
Environmental Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Frances M Colles, Noel D Mccarthy, J C Howe, C L Devereux, Andrew G Gosler, Martin C J MaidenAbstract:Wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) shed Campylobacter at high rates, suggesting that they may be a source of human and farm animal infection. A survey of Campylobacter shedding of 957 wild starlings was undertaken by culture of faecal specimens and genetic analysis of the campylobacters isolated: shedding rates were 30.6% for Campylobacter jejuni, 0.6% for C. coli and 6.3% for C. lari. Genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antigen sequence typing established that these bacteria were distinct from poultry or human disease isolates with the ST-177 and ST-682 clonal complexes possibly representing starling-adapted genotypes. There was seasonal variation in both shedding rate and genotypic diversity, both exhibiting a maximum during the late spring/early summer. Host age also affected Campylobacter shedding, which was higher in younger birds, and turnover was rapid with no evidence of cross-immunity among Campylobacter species or genotypes. In nestlings, C. jejuni shedding was evident from 9 days of age but siblings were not readily co-infected. The dynamics of Campylobacter infection of starlings differed from that observed in commercial poultry and consequently there was no evidence that wild starlings represent a major source of Campylobacter infections of food animals or humans.
Marina Mouzinho Carvalho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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telenomus remus hymenoptera platygastridae parasitism on eggs of anticarsia gemmatalis lepidoptera eribidae compared with its Natural Host spodoptera frugiperda lepidoptera noctuidae
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2014Co-Authors: Regiane Cristina Oliveira De Freitas Bueno, Adeney De Freitas Bueno, Maria Fernanda Da Costa Xavier, Marina Mouzinho CarvalhoAbstract:ABSTRACT The capacity of Telenomus remus to parasitize eggs of Anticarsia gemmatalis, compared with its Natural Host, Spodoptera frugiperda, was evaluated under different temperatures. The parasitoid T. remus was reared at 25 ± 1°C for a single generation on both Hosts. After reaching the adult stage, they were allowed to parasitize both Hosts to study parasitoid biology and parasitism capacity at temperatures between 19°C and 37 ± 1°C. Egg-to-adult developmental time was similar on both Hosts. The number of A. gemmatalis eggs parasitized was lower than that of S. frugiperda eggs at all temperatures. Parental female longevity of parasitoids was greater on A. gemmatalis eggs. This indicated a smaller metabolic expense during parasitism, acommonfeature observed on nonpreferable Hosts. In general, sex ratio was little affected by temperature or Hosts. When parental T. remus were reared on A. gemmatalis before the experiment, base temperature (Tb) and the thermal constant (K) were 9.53°C and 209.57 DD on eggs...
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telenomus remus hymenoptera platygastridae parasitism on eggs of anticarsia gemmatalis lepidoptera eribidae compared with its Natural Host spodoptera frugiperda lepidoptera noctuidae
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2014Co-Authors: Regiane Cristina Oliveira De Freitas Bueno, Adeney De Freitas Bueno, Maria Fernanda Da Costa Xavier, Marina Mouzinho CarvalhoAbstract:ABSTRACT The capacity of Telenomus remus to parasitize eggs of Anticarsia gemmatalis, compared with its Natural Host, Spodoptera frugiperda, was evaluated under different temperatures. The parasitoid T. remus was reared at 25 ± 1°C for a single generation on both Hosts. After reaching the adult stage, they were allowed to parasitize both Hosts to study parasitoid biology and parasitism capacity at temperatures between 19°C and 37 ± 1°C. Egg-to-adult developmental time was similar on both Hosts. The number of A. gemmatalis eggs parasitized was lower than that of S. frugiperda eggs at all temperatures. Parental female longevity of parasitoids was greater on A. gemmatalis eggs. This indicated a smaller metabolic expense during parasitism, acommonfeature observed on nonpreferable Hosts. In general, sex ratio was little affected by temperature or Hosts. When parental T. remus were reared on A. gemmatalis before the experiment, base temperature (Tb) and the thermal constant (K) were 9.53°C and 209.57 DD on eggs...
Florence Roch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dna vaccine encoding nucleocapsid and surface proteins of wild type canine distemper virus protects its Natural Host against distemper
Vaccine, 2000Co-Authors: Pascal Cherpillod, Andrea Tipold, Monika Griotwenk, Carmen Cardozo, Ines Schmid, R Fatzer, Martina Schobesberger, Rinaldo Zurbriggen, Lukas Bruckner, Florence RochAbstract:Canine distemper virus (CDV), a member of the genus Morbillivirus induces a highly infectious, frequently lethal disease in dogs and other carnivores. Current vaccines against canine distemper consisting of attenuated viruses have been in use for many years and have greatly reduced the incidence of distemper in the dog population. However, certain strains may not guarantee adequate protection and others can induce post vaccinal encephalitis. We tested a DNA vaccine for its ability to protect dogs, the Natural Host of CDV, against distemper. We constructed plasmids containing the nucleocapsid, the fusion, and the attachment protein genes of a virulent canine distemper virus strain. Mice inoculated with these plasmids developed humoral and cellular immune responses against CDV antigens. Dogs immunized with the expression plasmids developed virus-neutralizing antibodies. Significantly, vaccinated dogs were protected against challenge with virulent CDV, whereas unvaccinated animals succumbed to distemper.
Jari P. T. Valkonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Small-RNA Deep Sequencing Reveals Arctium tomentosum as a Natural Host of Alstroemeria virus X and a New Putative Emaravirus
PloS one, 2012Co-Authors: Arthur K. Tugume, Jari P. T. ValkonenAbstract:Background Arctium species (Asteraceae) are distributed worldwide and are used as food and rich sources of secondary metabolites for the pharmaceutical industry, e.g., against avian influenza virus. RNA silencing is an antiviral defense mechanism that detects and destroys virus-derived double-stranded RNA, resulting in accumulation of virus-derived small RNAs (21–24 nucleotides) that can be used for generic detection of viruses by small-RNA deep sequencing (SRDS). Methodology/Principal Findings SRDS was used to detect viruses in the biennial wild plant species Arctium tomentosum (woolly burdock; family Asteraceae) displaying virus-like symptoms of vein yellowing and leaf mosaic in southern Finland. Assembly of the small-RNA reads resulted in contigs homologous to Alstroemeria virus X (AlsVX), a positive/single-stranded RNA virus of genus Potexvirus (family Alphaflexiviridae), or related to negative/single-stranded RNA viruses of the genus Emaravirus. The coat protein gene of AlsVX was 81% and 89% identical to the two AlsVX isolates from Japan and Norway, respectively. The deduced, partial nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequence of the emara-like virus was only 78% or less identical to reported emaraviruses and showed no variability among the virus isolates characterized. This virus—tentatively named as Woolly burdock yellow vein virus—was exclusively associated with yellow vein and leaf mosaic symptoms in woolly burdock, whereas AlsVX was detected in only one of the 52 plants tested. Conclusions/Significance These results provide novel information about Natural virus infections in Acrtium species and reveal woolly burdock as the first Natural Host of AlsVX besides Alstroemeria (family Alstroemeriaceae). Results also revealed a new virus related to the recently emerged Emaravirus genus and demonstrated applicability of SRDS to detect negative-strand RNA viruses. SRDS potentiates virus surveys of wild plants, a research area underrepresented in plant virology, and helps reveal Natural reservoirs of viruses that cause yield losses in cultivated plants.
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Small-RNA deep sequencing reveals Arctium tomentosum as a Natural Host of Alstroemeria virus X and a new putative Emaravirus.
Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2024Co-Authors: Arthur K. Tugume, Jari P. T. ValkonenAbstract:Arctium species (Asteraceae) are distributed worldwide and are used as food and rich sources of secondary metabolites for the pharmaceutical industry, e.g., against avian influenza virus. RNA silencing is an antiviral defense mechanism that detects and destroys virus-derived double-stranded RNA, resulting in accumulation of virus-derived small RNAs (21-24 nucleotides) that can be used for generic detection of viruses by small-RNA deep sequencing (SRDS).SRDS was used to detect viruses in the biennial wild plant species Arctium tomentosum (woolly burdock; family Asteraceae) displaying virus-like symptoms of vein yellowing and leaf mosaic in southern Finland. Assembly of the small-RNA reads resulted in contigs homologous to Alstroemeria virus X (AlsVX), a positive/single-stranded RNA virus of genus Potexvirus (family Alphaflexiviridae), or related to negative/single-stranded RNA viruses of the genus Emaravirus. The coat protein gene of AlsVX was 81% and 89% identical to the two AlsVX isolates from Japan and Norway, respectively. The deduced, partial nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequence of the emara-like virus was only 78% or less identical to reported emaraviruses and showed no variability among the virus isolates characterized. This virus--tentatively named as Woolly burdock yellow vein virus--was exclusively associated with yellow vein and leaf mosaic symptoms in woolly burdock, whereas AlsVX was detected in only one of the 52 plants tested.These results provide novel information about Natural virus infections in Acrtium species and reveal woolly burdock as the first Natural Host of AlsVX besides Alstroemeria (family Alstroemeriaceae). Results also revealed a new virus related to the recently emerged Emaravirus genus and demonstrated applicability of SRDS to detect negative-strand RNA viruses. SRDS potentiates virus surveys of wild plants, a research area underrepresented in plant virology, and helps reveal Natural reservoirs of viruses that cause yield losses in cultivated plants
